Transcript Internet Infrastructure 101 (Presenter Jairo Gutierrez)

Internet Infrastructure 101
Up to Speed Session
Jairo Gutiérrez
[email protected]
Outline
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Brief History of the Internet
Evolution of the Internet
“Convergence”
Network Architecture Characteristics
Networks Protocols (TCP/IP)
Internet Infrastructure in NZ
NetHui 2012, Auckland
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Origins of the Internet
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J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote
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J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote
Semi-Automated Ground Environment
SAGE
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J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote
MIT
Lincoln Labs
IBM Hardware
A/N FSQ-7
MITRE Corporation
Systems Integration
Western Electric
Control Centers
SAGE
ATT
Communications
Burroughs
Modems
System Development Corp.
Software
NetHui 2012, Auckland
Rand
Corporation
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J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote
24 Centers
100 operators
24/7 operation
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J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote
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J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote
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J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote
NetHui 2012, Auckland
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J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote
NetHui 2012, Auckland
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J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote
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J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote
Pioneering Features
Ferrite core memory
A/D and D/A conversion
Light pen
Multiprocessing
Real-time database management
Distributed processing
Timesharing
Interactive displays
Networking
Marginal checking for component failure
Memory cycle-stealing
Buffered I/O
COMPOOL
500,000 line real-time executive
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J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote
Estimated costs of SAGE:
$ 8-12 billion in 1964 dollars
Fully operational in 1963
Decommissioned in 1983
Never saw a missile (or not on record!)
NetHui 2012, Auckland
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J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote
BEMEWS
SAGE
Air Traffic Control
WWMCCS
NASA Space Tracking
IBM System 360
MIT-TX2
DEC PDP-10
Semi-Automatic BusinessResearch Environment
(SABRE)
Systems Management
Organizations as Systems
The Programming Profession
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J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote
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Brief History of the Internet
• Late 50s, early 60s: SAGE
• Late 60s: ARPANET
– In 1969 there were 4 nodes: UCLA, UCSB, SRI, U. of
Utah
– In July 1970: MIT, SDC, RAND and BBN were added
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Early 70s: TCP/IP (Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn)
Late 80s: NSFNET
1989-90: World Wide Web (Sir Tim Berners-Lee)
Early 90s: Commercial Internet
NetHui 2012, Auckland
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Accelerating Technology Evolution
PC/LAN/NOS
Mini/WAN
Mainframe
Networking
1990–2000s
• 1960–1970s
• 1970–1980s
• 1980–1990s
NetHui 2012, Auckland
Source: Cisco
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Internet Host Domain Growth, 1980-2000
80
70
60
Millions of Hosts
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40
30
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10
0
80
81 82 83
1980
84 85 86 86 87 88 89 90 91 92
Year
92 93 94 95 96
97 98 99 00
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www.nw.com
J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote
More than two billion users and
counting…
Word Wide Internet Usage Statistics
NetHui 2012, Auckland
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NetHui 2012, Auckland
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Evolution of the Internet
Intelligent
Internet
Today’s Internet
• Connectivity
• New differentiated services
• Commodity: “plain old
data service”
• Services tailored to market
segmentation and value
• No integrated
infrastructure for
service creation
• Rapid deployment for
services evolution
and creation
NetHui 2012, Auckland
Source: Cisco
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Business Requirements
are the Driver
• Do more with less…
– Support evolving
applications quickly
– Scale the network to
accept new users
– Reduce WAN and
management costs
– Consolidate infrastructure
NetHui 2012, Auckland
Source: Cisco
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Voice and Data
• Data
• Voice
Can “lose” small %
packets
Can’t lose ANY
packets
Must arrive in order
Can arrive out of order
Delay tolerance—low
Store and forward—
delay tolerant
NetHui 2012, Auckland
Source: Cisco
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Two Solutions
More
Bandwidth
Intelligent
Queuing
NetHui 2012, Auckland
Source: Cisco
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Internet Hierarchy
There
ISP
POP
NAP
Here
Backbone
ISP
ISP
POP
• Routers and circuits
• Multiple paths
• Adaptive routing
NetHui 2012, Auckland
Source: Cisco
NAP
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Internet Architecture Characteristics
Characteristics of the Internet that help it scale to meet user
demand
– Hierarchical
– Common standards
– Common protocols
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Source: Cisco
Function of Protocol in Network Communication
• The importance of protocols and how they are used to
facilitate communication over data networks
–A protocol is a set of predetermined rules
NetHui 2012, Auckland
Source: Cisco
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Function of Protocol in Network Communication
Network protocols are used
to allow devices to
communicate
successfully
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Source: Cisco
Function of Protocol in Network Communication
• Example of different protocols and how they interact
NetHui 2012, Auckland
Source: Cisco
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Function of Protocol in Network Communication
• Technology independent Protocols
Many diverse types of devices can communicate using the same sets
of protocols. This is because protocols specify network
functionality, not the underlying technology to support this
functionality.
NetHui 2012, Auckland
Source: Cisco
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Layers with TCP/IP
• Benefits of using
a layered model:
- assists in protocol
design
- fosters competition
- changes in one layer do
not affect other layers
- provides a common
language
NetHui 2012, Auckland
Source: Cisco
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Layers with TCP/IP
• Protocol data units (PDU) and encapsulation
NetHui 2012, Auckland
Source: Cisco
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Layers with TCP/IP
• The process of sending and receiving messages
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Source: Cisco
Addressing and Naming Schemes
NetHui 2012, Auckland
Source: Cisco
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The DP “Pendulum”
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Centralized systems (mainframes, etc)
Distributed systems (PCs)
Networked systems
Client-Server computing
Application Service Providers (ASPs)
Cloud Computing
NetHui 2012, Auckland
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Infrastructure pre- and UFB
• Internet access network market share in the pre UFB world (approx.):
• 85% are on chorus copper
• 10% are on other cable networks
• with remaining 5% mainly mobile
• UFB:
Source: NZ Herald, 6 July 2012
NetHui 2012, Auckland
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Chorus Internet Infrastructure - Copper
www
Chorus provides xDSL service to ISPs
• Each home has ADSL, ADSL2+ or VDSL
modem installed
• Chorus UBA service aggregates traffic from
homes and delivers to ISP via handover
connection
• Chorus provides second tier faults service to
ISP
• ISP provides authentication and first tier help
desk
• Analogue voice service provided over same
copper pair
ISPs can alternatively install their own equipment
in exchanges and cabinets then ‘rent dark copper’
to provide xDSL services
NetHui 2012, Auckland
Internet
Provider
DSLAM
Chorus Exchange
DSLAM
FTTN
Cabinet
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Chorus Internet Infrastructure – UFB Fibre
Internet
Provider
www
Chorus provides UFB service to ISPs
• Each home has ONT (Optical Network
Terminator) installed with Ethernet and
analogue voice ports. Up to 20 homes
connected via one fibre to equipment using
splitter in cabinet or exchange
• Chorus UFB service delivers ISP a VLAN with
traffic from homes via handover connection
• Chorus provides 2nd tier faults service to ISP
• ISP provides authentication and 1st tier help
desk
ISPs can alternatively install their own equipment
in exchanges and ‘rent dark fibre’ to provide
services
NetHui 2012, Auckland
OLT
Chorus Exchange
FTTH
Cabinet
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THANKS!
Internet Infrastructure 101
Up to Speed Session
Jairo Gutiérrez
[email protected]