Transcript The Development of the Internet

The Development of
Internet
CA N DI CE BA I JI N G WA N G
COM 9 6 6 0 S E L TOP I CS/COR P COM M
S UMMER 2 0 1 6
Agenda
• Internet History
• Internet Evolution
• Internet Growth – Present
• The Future of Internet
What Was the
“Victorian Internet”?
Victorian Internet
• The Telegraph
• Invented in the 1840s
• Signals sent over wires that were established over vast distances
• Used extensively by the U.S. Government during the American Civil War, 1861-1865
• Morse Code was dots and dashes, or short signals and long signals
• The electronic signal standard of +/-15 v. is still used in network interface cards today
What is the Internet?
• A network of networks, joining many government, university and private computers together
and providing an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext
documents, databases and other computational resources
• The vast collection of computer networks which form and act as a single huge network for
transport of data and messages across distances which can be anywhere from the same office to
anywhere in the world.
A worldwide system of
interconnected networks and
computers
What is the Internet?
• The largest network of networks in the world
• Uses TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) /IP (Internet
Protocol) and packet switching
“If I have been able to
see farther than others,
it was because I stood
on the shoulders of
giants.”
• Runs on any communications substrate
Dr. Bob Kahn
Co-Creator of TCP/IP
Dr. Vinton Cerf,
Co-Creator of TCP/IP
Sir Isaac Newton
What is a Network?
A computer network is an interconnection of a group of
computers
History of the Internet
• 1968 – DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) contracts with BBN (Bolt, Beranek &
Newman) to create APRAnet
• 1970 – First five nodes:
- UCLA
- Stanford
- UC Santa Barbara
- U of Utah, and BBN
• 1974 – TCP specification by Vint Cerf
• 1984 – On January 1, the Internet with its 1000 hosts using TCP/IP for its messaging
Evolution of the Internet
A
Mathematical
Theory of
Communication
Memex
1948
Conceived
1945
1945
First Vast
Computer
Network
Silicon Envisioned
Chip
1962
1958
Packet
Switching
Invented
1964
Hypertext
Invented
1965
ARPANET
1969
TCP/IP
Created
1972
WWW
Internet Created
Named
1989
and
Goes
TCP/IP
1984
Mosaic
Created
1993
Age of
eCommerce
Begins
1995
1995
The Creation of the Internet
• The creation of the Internet solved the following challenges:
- Basically inventing digital networking as we know it
- Survivability of an infrastructure to send/receive high-speed electronic messages
- Reliability of computer messaging
ARPANET
• Was the world’s first operational network, and the predecessor of the global Internet
The World Wide Web
• The original Internet provided screens full of text
• Great for sharing info and accessing the Library of Congress
• Text was all one font and size
• BORING!
GUIs (Graphical User Interface)
• GUIs added some color and layout, but still were not very interesting
The World Wide Web
• Hyperlinks were invented
www. nbc.com
• The mouse was invented to click on hyperlinks
• The URL (Uniform Resource Locater) was invented. This allowed sites to be named
• Tim Berners Lee brought all of this together to form the World Wide Web in 1990
Mosaic: The First Web Browser
• Very slow
• Did not handle loading pictures very well
• Modems were very slow
• Did not give an indication of the potential of this medium
1994 – A Big Year for the WWW
• Tim Berners Lee develops the World Wide Web Consortium to develop standards for the
Web
• Netscape is founded
The development of Internet
• The Internet exploded during this period
• The first commercial site was built – Amazon.com
• In 1994 the World Wide Web grew by an astounding 2300%
• Amazon saw that online shopping was the wave of the future
Internet Growth Trends
1977: 111 hosts on Internet
1981: 213 hosts
1983: 562 hosts
1984: 1,000 hosts
1986: 5,000 hosts
1987: 10,000 hosts
1989: 100,000 hosts
1992: 1,000,000 hosts
2001: 150 – 175 million hosts
2002: over 200 million hosts
By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet
Browser Wars
• Netscape was the standard until 1998
• It folded and was taken over by AOL
• Microsoft Internet Explorer snagged 96% of the browser market
• IE has only recently been challenged by the excellent Mozilla browser
The future of Internet
The future of Internet
• Internet access will be ubiquitous
• The Web will become faster and smarter
• Security will improve
• IT products will morph into services
• Internet 2 will emerge
• Faster web browsers
• Higher speed Cable/ADSL/cell phone and in-home network