Transcript May 04_West_Day 2_Final

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Axis Communications
Partner Training
Agenda
 Overview
– (8:30am – 12:00pm)
- Network camera housings
- CCTV and surveillance demystified
- Optics
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Camera Enclosures
Overview
 Rating
systems
 General considerations
 Installation tips
 Recommended enclosures
- AXIS 290B Network Camera Housing
- AXIS Fusion Dome
Rating Systems
 Many
different systems
- NEMA, IEC, UL, CSA…
 Industry
action groups/companies
 Product design, performance and application
 Common reference & interchangeability
Rating Systems
 International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
- Consists of two letter prefix IP followed by two digits
- Solid object ingress (first digit)
- Liquid ingress (second digit)
 Examples:
- IP65 dust tight, heavy water spray
- IP66 dust tight, heavy jet spray
- IP54 dust resistant, splashing water
Rating Systems: IEC
 IP
-
(First number)
0: No special protection
1: Solid objects > 50 mm diameter
2: Solid objects > 12 mm diameter
3: Solid objects > 2.5 mm diameter
4: Solid objects > 1 mm diameter
5: Dust protected
6: Dust tight
Rating Systems: IEC
 IP
-
(Second number)
0: No special protection
1: Dripping water
2: Dripping water when tilted 15 degrees
3: Spraying water
4: Splashing water
5: Water jet spray
6: Heavy jet spray
7: Immersion
8: Submersion
Rating Systems
 National
-
Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
Water ingress
Solid object ingress
Mechanical impact of enclosure on walls
Oil resistance
Corrosion resistance
Door and cover latching requirements
Rating Systems: NEMA
 1:
General purpose (indoor)
 2: Water drip proof (indoor)
 3R: Dust tight, rain tight, ice resistant
(outdoor)
 4: Water tight and dust tight
(indoor/outdoor)
 4X: Water tight, dust tight, corrosion
resistant (indoor/outdoor)
Rating Systems: NEMA
 9:
Indoor hazardous locations
 12: Industrial use – drip tight and dust tight
(indoor)
 13: Oil Tight and Dust Tight (indoor)
General Considerations
 Local
codes
 NEMA rating of 3, 3R, 4, 4X, 6, or 6P for outdoor
 IP Rating 66, 65
 Resistance measurement
 4x rule
Installation Tips

Consult wiring distance chart
- Add up total VAC needed
 Camera
placement is important
 Environmental conditions
- Heater/blower combinations
- Sun shrouds
- Cabling considerations
 Accessories
- POL
- AXIS 2191 Audio Module
AXIS 2130R Enclosures
 AXIS
Outdoor Fusion Dome
- Outdoor dome housing
- Tinted lower dome
- Heater and blower for outdoor use
 AXIS
Indoor Fusion Dome
- Indoor dome housing
- Tinted lower dome
AXIS 2130R Enclosures
 AXIS
Indoor Recessed Enclosure
- Low profile indoor ceiling housing
- Can be installed in either sheetrock or drop
ceilings
- Tinted lower dome
 AXIS
Outdoor Vandal Fusion Dome
- Offers vandal resistant protection in a compact
size
- Heater and blower for outdoor use
- Made from durable cast aluminum
Axis Fusion Dome - Pricing
Product Name
AXIS Outdoor Fusion Dome
Part Number
21893
MSRP
$649.00
AXIS Indoor Fusion Dome
21894
$379.00
AXIS Outdoor Vandal Fusion Dome
21895
$849.00
AXIS Indoor Recessed Enclosure
21898
$199.00
AXIS 290B Network Camera Housing
65 classified – Protected against dust
and heavy rain
 Axis network cameras supported
 IP
- AXIS 2120 Network Camera
- AXIS 2420 Network Camera
- AXIS 2110 Network Camera
 Temperature
range -4° F to +108° F
 Integral tamper proof wall mounting
bracket.
 Integrated sunshield
 1 year limited warranty
AXIS 290B - Pricing
Product Name
AXIS 290B Network Camera Housing
Part Number
0195-004
MSRP
$399.00
AXIS 2120 Outdoor 290B Bundle
8014-004-01
$1,199.00
AXIS 2420 Outdoor 290B Bundle
8015-004-01
$1,499.00
* Bundled products are not pre-assembled.
Q&A
 Questions
and Answers
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CCTV Demystified
CCTV
Closed
Circuit
Tele
Vision
Closed
Video
 Video
is Latin and means
“I can see”
 A human
eye will consider 16
frames per second to be ”real
time” video
 A CCTV
system provides
up to 30 frames per second
Basic CCTV Systems
Alarm I/O
Monitor
Switch
VCR / Time Laps
Cameras
Transmission Medium
 Wired
- Coax – 75 ohm
- RG 59 – 300 meter
- RG 11 – 500 meter
- Twisted-pair
- 2-wire twisted – 1000 meter
- Fiber-optics
- Single mode or Multi-mode fiber
- Long distance – >10,000 meter
 Wireless
- Laser link
- Microwave
- Radio link
Fields and Frames
1
3
5
2
4
621
623
625
620
622
624
Field 2 - even
Field 1 - odd
Frame
Each frame of video information is
made up of 2 fields
TV Standards
– National Television System
Committee
NTSC
- First standard 1953
- 525 horizontal lines
- 60 fields/sec = 30 frames/sec
TV Standards in Countries
 http://www.alkenmrs.com/video/wwstandards1.html
 http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Contrib/WorldTV/
The Video Signal Theory
 Composite
video
- The complete video includes all signals
 Y/C
video
- Y is the luminance signal
- C is the chroma signal
- Gives a better image quality
Resolution
 Vertical
resolution
 Horizontal
resolution
- Analog cameras
- 330-400 lines is normal – Low res
- >460 lines is good quality – High res
Resolution
 Resolution
measurement in the future
- Digital cameras
- 640x480 pixel
- 1280x1024 pixel
Lights
 What
is light?
 Eye vs CCD
 Natural light sources
 Artificial light sources
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Main Items in a CCTV System
CCTV Video Camera
A/D
 Analog
 B&W
or color
 1/4”, 1/3” or 1/2” CCD
DSP
D/A
Camera Lens
 Basic
lens types
- Manual iris
- Automatic iris
 Lens
function
- Fixed focal length
- Varifocal length
- Zoom lens
 Lens
/ chip size
- 1/3”
- 1/2”
 Mounting
standards
- CS-mount
- C-mount
Domes
A Dome
camera combines the design
elegance of a dome enclosure, color
camera, a fast pan and tilt mechanism and
an environmental enclosure
The
result is an “all-in-one” product
The
trend has been very clear the last
years:
- Fewer pan and tilt devices and more Domes
Video Monitors
 A monitor
is very similar to a standard
television set, however, it lacks the
electronics to pick up regular television,
the tuner
- Monochrome – up to 1000 lines
- Color – up to 800 lines
 Market
different between plastic-cased
monitors and metal-cased monitors
Video Recorders
 Time
-
lapse VCR
A special slow recording VCR
Max 540,000 images (VHS standard)
Up to 960 hours on a single VHS tape
Controllable via RS-232
 VCR
with DAT
 Digital
Video Recorder (DVR)
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Control Devices in CCTV
Video Switchers
 Units
that provide automated as well as
manual switching of full screen images
 Larger
units will normally also provide an
ability to control dome cameras and PTZ’s
 When
one camera is on
selected for recording, the other cameras
are NOT being recorded at all
Video Multiplexers
Multiplexer
units are high-speed switchers
that provide full-screen images from up to
16 cameras
Available in two models
- Simplex
- Duplex
Normally
also provide the ability for viewing
multiple cameras in 2x2, 4x4 etc
Quads
 A quad
sends up to four cameras to the
monitor and to the recorder at the same
time, each camera gets a quarter of the
monitor
 All
of the information from each camera
gets recorded but ONLY in small quarterscreen clarity
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Accessories
Housings
Outdoor
Indoor
Aluminium
and plastic common
Blower, heater optional
Housings for special applications
- Process industry
- Explosion proof
Pan and Tilt Head
 A normal
camera can be placed on pan and
tilt devices which will allow the camera to
be moved up, down, left and right from a
remote location
 A zoom
 In-
lens will allow a closer view
and outdoor version
Infrared (IR) Illuminator
IR
light can not be seen by human eye
IR sensitive B&W cameras can see in
darkness with IR light
Illuminators exist in two versions
- Lamp-based
- LED-versions
Distance
to the object
- 20W 10-15m
- 300W 80-120m
Q&A
 Questions
and Answers
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Lenses & Filters
Lens and Optical Filter in a Camera
Flash
memory
Camera
functions
Compression
CPU
DRAM
Lens
Optical filter
Image sensor
Ethernet
Interface
Filters - IR Filter
100
Wavelength
Y
Rays
Radio Waves
X
Rays
UV
IR
Radar
TV
80
Sound Radio
60
Visible light
I/R
40
20
300
400
500
600
700
800
Wavelength in nanonmetres
 Filters
900
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
Transmission curve (Example)
the infrared light invisible for the
human eye but visible for cameras
900
1000
1100
Filters - Optical Low Pass Filter
 Splits
the incoming light
 Improves
color representation
Filters – Example: Without Optical Low Pass Filter
Filters – Example: With Optical Low Pass Filter
The Lens
Focal length
Wid
ng
a
e
iew
v
f
o
le (
)
angle
Tele(photo
Mount
Iris
Lens
element
of view)
Angle of View
Horizontal Angle of
View (HOV)
 Same
 What
as “field of view”
the camera with a given lens can “see”
 Horizontal,
vertical or diagonal
Vertical Angle of View
(VOV)
Lenses - Focal length
Focal point
Focal length
 A small
focal length gives wide angle view
 A large
focal length gives tele view
Lenses – Calculating the Focal Length
W
I
D
f
Calculating the focal length (f): f = h * D / H
 Which
focal length is needed for the application?
Lenses – Depth of Field
Focus point
Dep
 The
th o
f fie
ld
regions in front of and behind the focus
point where the image remains in focus
0
0
5'
1.5m
10'
3m
15'
4.5m
20'
6m
25'
7.5m
8 8
Lenses - Aperture
F2
F5.6
F16
F number
f1.0
f1.2
f1.4
f1.7
f2.8
f4.0
f5.6
% of light
passed
20%
14.14%
10%
7.07%
2.5%
1.25%
0.625%
Lenses – Lens Iris
A wire between the camera and the lens is
needed with an automatic iris lens.
 Opening
in the lens that controls the amount of
incoming light that reaches the image sensor
Lenses - Lens Elements
Spherical lens element
Image plane
 A lens
contains
several lens elements
 Aspherical
elements
reduces distortion
Aspherical lens element
Image plane
Lenses- Mount Standards
17.526 mm
12.5 mm
5 mm spacer
C-mount Lens
 CS-mount
- 12.5mm from camera edge to sensor
 C-mount
- 17.5mm from camera edge to sensor
- Conversion C to CS is possible
CS-mount Lens
Lenses – Sensor Dependency
 The
lens must make an
image circle large enough
to cover the sensor
Image Size
Image Circle
Image Size
 Larger
sensor = more
expensive lens
Vertical
 The
size (e.g. 1/3”) can not
be measured anywhere corresponds to old TV
camera tubes
Horizontal
 Low
end lenses produce
unsharp corners
Lenses - Resolution
1/4"
1/3"
1/2"
4.5
6
8
11
1/2"
2/3"
1/4"
 A typical
2/3"
1/3"
1"
16
1"
CCTV lens has a resolution of 100 lines/mm
Lab Exercise
1. Field of view calculation
Lenses – Types: Wide Angle
Focal point
Short focal length
 Large angle of view
 Good in low light
 Good depth of field
 “Barrel” distortion
 Not for long distances
Lenses – Types: Wide Angle Image Example
 Example
of barrel distortion & missing optical low pass filter
Lenses – Types: Telephoto
Focal point
Long focal length
 Good on long
distance
 No barrel distortion
 Shallow (small) depth
of field
 Bad in low light
Lenses – Types: Vari-focal
 The
focal length can be adjusted
 Needs refocusing after focal length adjustment
 Less precision needed in focal length calculation
Lenses – Types: Zoom
– the focal length can be adjusted with maintained focus
 Often motorized
 Zoom
Special Lenses – Fish Eye
 Extremely
wide angle (~180 deg) lenses are called
“fish eye lenses”
Lenses – Example: Fisheye Image
 A fish
eye lens on a high resolution camera can work as
a pan/tilt/zoom camera
Special Lenses – Pin Hole
Exit pupil is 1-3mm
 Can be either low end $1 lenses or high
end >$500 lenses

Q&A
Questions
and Answers
Agenda
 Overview
– (1:00pm – 4:00pm)
- Designing IP-Surveillance solutions
- AXIS Camera Station
- Axis product roadmap
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Designing IP-Surveillance Solutions
The Basics
 In
-
some ways similar to analog:
What do we need to monitor?
When do we need to monitor it?
How many cameras are needed to cover?
How much video do we need to transfer?
How much video do we need to save?
Do we need to identify or detect?
What do we need to monitor?
 Define
-
the scene(s)
Lighting conditions
Distances
Angle of view needed
High traffic or low traffic
When do we need to monitor it?
 Same
need to monitor day/night/weekend?
 Schedule
the needs for every “scene”
How many cameras are needed to cover?
 Which
-
types of cameras are needed?
Light sensitivity?
Video quality?
Which type of lens?
Speed?
PTZ?
IO needs?
How much video do we need to transfer?
30 fps transferred around the clock?
How much video do we need to save?
30 fps saved around the clock?
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The Network
LAN/WAN Inventory
 Congestion
level of current LAN
 Congestion
level of current WAN links
 Schedule
of congestion levels
 Redundancy
of WAN links
Network (LAN)
New network or existing infrastructure?
The answer might be in the needs discussed earlier
New Network (LAN)
100 Mbit/s
100 Mbit/s
10/100/1000
Switch
10/100/1000
Switch
1000 Mbit/s
Monitoring station
 Speed?
 100
Mbit/s switches
 1 Gbit/s Backbone
Recording Server
New Network (LAN)
 Guidelines:
- Calculate 30% extra capacity
- Avoid cross-use with public (parallel) network
as long as possible
New Network (WAN)
 Share
 Extra
WAN links with the public network?
links needed for redundancy?
 Distributed
storage needed?
Existing Network (LAN)
Possible at all?
Existing Network (LAN)
 “Mixed
mode”
- Separate network for backbone/main
installation, public network where needed
 VLAN
- A “logical” way to separate the surveillance
network from the public
 QoS
- Ensure the available bandwidth for surveillance
equipment on the public network
Existing Network (WAN)
 Use
VPN’s? (compare with VLAN’s)
 Distributed
 Nightly
storage?
transfers of recorded material?
Conclusions
 The
basics still apply
- Do a thorough inventory of the needs
 High
performance infrastructure equipment is
dropping in price/usage complexity
 Avoid
“free” sharing with public networks
 VLANS,
QoS, VPN’s are excellent tools for a
surveillance network
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Cases
SMARTER
Case 1:Shop
4 cameras , local recording, remote view
PC in the shop
running surveillance SW
Remote PC
ADSL Router
Internet
LAN 10/100 Mbit/S
Remote PC
Network cameras
Case 2: House
2 indoor cameras and 2 outdoor cameras. Alarm sensors,
only view and alarms
AXIS 2120 Network Cameras
Mounted in outdoor casing connected through wireless bridge
and external antenna
Wireless ADSL
Router
Remote PC
Internet
Remote PC
LAN 10/100 Mbit/S
Alarm sensors
Case 3: An Office
6 indoor cameras, programmed recording. Director recording and operator
view. In a local area network
Director PC running
AXIS Camera Recorder
AXIS 205
L
A
N
Operator PC running
AXIS Camera Explorer
Case 4: Industrial
4 outdoor cameras with night view, 4 indoor PTZ cameras, 4 fixed indoor
cameras. Programmed recording, view for the security guard.
4 x Axis 2120
Director PC running
AXIS Camera Recorder
4 x Axis 2130
L
A
N
4 x Axis 2420IR
Operator PC running
AXIS Camera Explorer
Case 5: Retail Shops
1 fixed camera and 1 PTZ Camera, for each shop. Only view.
Router
Internet
LAN 10/100 Mbit/S
Remote PC running
AXIS Camera Explorer
AXIS 205
AXIS 2130
Case 6: Nursery
3 indoor cameras and 1 outdoor camera (external play zone). No recording.
Access via web.
AXIS 205
Router
AXIS 2110 &
AXIS 290B
Web Server
L
A
N
Internet
PC with Internet
Explorer
Case 7: Construction
2 outdoor fixed cameras. View and remote recording (low amount of fps)
L
A
N
Router
Internet
AXIS 2120 & AXIS 290B
Bundle
Operator PC running
AXIS Camera Recorder
Case 8: Sports Installation (golf, seaport, skiing,)
3 outdoor fixed cameras
Router
L
A
N
Internet
AXIS 2120 & 290B
Bundle
PC with Internet
Explorer
Case 9: An Office
6 access controls with audio, 3 indoor cameras
AXIS 205
PC running Internet
Explorer
PC running AXIS
Camera Explorer
LAN 10/100 Mbit/S
AXIS 2100 Network Cameras & AXIS 2191 Audio Modules
Q&A
Questions
and Answers
Lab Exercise
1. Designing an IP-Surveillance solution
Demonstration
AXIS
Camera Station
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Axis Road Map
roadmap.ppt DE 031119
Getting Ready for the Next Step
New Generation
AXIS 200
( NetEye )
1996
AXIS 200+
AXIS 240
AXIS 2100
AXIS 2400
1998
2000
2004
100.000 sold
AXIS 2100
Recent Launches
New Generation Products
- AXIS 241Q/S Video Servers
- AXIS 210 Network Camera
Accessories
- AXIS 290B Network Camera Housing
- AXIS IR Illuminator
- AXIS Fusion Dome
Products in Final R&D
Products
-
in final R&D
AXIS 241Q/S Blade
AXIS 211 Network Camera
AXIS 206W Network Camera
AXIS 206M Network Camera
AXIS 241S/Q Blades

1 channel (S) or 4 channel (Q)
 120 / 100 frames per second
 Motion-JPEG
 Built-in video motion detection
 Event management
 External I/O
 Watch dog
 IP adress filtering
 Serial ports
AXIS 211 Network Camera
 1/3”
Progressive Scan
Sony HAD CCD
 Backlight Compensation
 CS Mount
 Vari-focal DC iris lens
 30 FPS for all resolutions
up to 640x480
 MJPEG-MPEG4 Upgrade
 VMD
 June 2004
AXIS 206W Network Camera
 Advanced
¼ CMOS
Progressive Scan
Sensor
 802.11b
 MJPEG
 3-10,000 lux
 No Ethernet!
 USB
 June 2004
AXIS 206M Network Camera
 Advanced
½ CMOS
Progressive Scan Sensor
 Megapixel 1280x1024 at
12FPS
 MJPEG
 10-10,000 lux
 10/100 BaseT
 HDTV widescreen format
(16:9)
 June 2004
Q&A
 Questions
and Answers