Transcript Cellular Network`s

FIXED MOBILE
CONVERGENCE
Sravanthi
Suparna
Swathi
Shilpa
Topics
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Introduction
Architecture of FMC
Technologies in FMC
FMC with IP
FMC with IMS
FMC with SIP
FMC with UMA
Cellular Network’s
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Wide coverage
Large number of users
Low speeds (in kbps)
High deployment costs
Wired Networks
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High speeds
High Band width
Low coverage
Inexpensive to set up
Fixed Mobile Convergence
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Way of connecting wireless to wire line
infrastructure
The ultimate goal of convergence is to
deliver seamless experience across
multiple locations,
multiple devices and
multiple types of use
(The Yankee group, Nov 2004)
Features of FMC
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Multi N/w Deployment
(Reference:http://www.baypackets.com/fixed_mobile_
convergence.html)
Features of FMC
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Unified Service of fixed and mobile n/w’s with one
phone, one number and one bill
Seamless roaming between cellular, Wi-Fi,
Wi-Max and what ever wireless technology comes
next.
More reliable mobile service with wider coverage
at lower cost. Closer integration between public
and enterprise phone networks.
Friendly user interfaces that makes it easy to
make and manage calls (the user has a choice to
select the type of network depending upon cost
and convenience).
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Friendly user interface that makes it easy to
make and manage calls (the user has a choice
of N/w depending upon chose and
convenience).
Levels of FMC
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Network Convergence: Fixed/mobile
networks physically share transportation
infrastructure. (access N/w & core N/w)
Commercial Convergence: Resources of
Fixed/mobile networks are pooled.
Service Convergence: Seamless delivery
of Fixed/mobile telephony and supporting
services is achieved. (voice, IM, SMS)
Terminal Convergence:
FMC + Access technologies:
Digital subscriber line (DSL):
24 Mbps downstream
3 Mbps upstream.
converged multimedia applications
 Wireless local area network (WLAN):
low-cost, high-bandwidth
A user with WLAN access could be connected
through appropriate multi-access (WLAN and
cellular) terminals to the Internet, to the PSTN,
or to mobile network(s).
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FMC + Access Technologies
Wireless Interoperability for
Microwave Access (WiMAX) :
Broadband wireless access (BWA). 2 - 11
GHz frequency band range(as per IEE
specification in 2004).
 Unlicensed Mobile Access
(UMA):roaming between a cellular
network and fixed IP-based wireless
networks .
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FMC in some places include
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Multi Media Messaging Service (MMS)
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WLAN with CDMA service
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Integrated Portal Service
Multi Media Messaging Service (MMS)
MMS allows mobile phone users send and
receive messages with formatted text
graphics, photographs and audio –video
clips.
 With the integration of digital camera and
mobile phone, MMS usage increases.
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WLAN with CDMA
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In a zone where an access point is
established, subscribes use WLAN service.
When the subscribers are out of zone,
they use CDMA .
High speed, low price from WLAN
 Wide coverage from CDMA
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Integrated Portal Service
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Integration of mobile and Web-based
portals.
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It provides aggregated content and
services through a mobile Internet
network.
Current Typical Solutions for FMC
IP-PBX or soft-switch with mobile n/w
interface
 IMS based coverage solution
 UMA Dual Mode solution
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What is IP-PBX???
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The Internet Protocol Private Branch eXchange
(IP PBX) is telephone switching equipment that
resides in a private business instead of the
telephone company.
An IP PBX delivers employees dial-tone, the
ability to conference, transfer, and dial other
employees by extension number as well as many
other features. (Virtual Private Network
Services..)
Voice transmissions are sent via data packets
over a data network instead of the traditional
phone network
Least Routing of cellular.
3G ???(not applicable to 3G)…
Converged Fixed-Mobile solution
Fixed N/W
IPPBX
IP Phone
WLAN AP
Mobile N/W
Dual Mode Device
(IP-PBX client)
Reference: http://www.nmscommunications.com/file/WebinarNov05
FixedMobileConvergence.pdf
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IP Enabled PBX functions on one device while on
campus utilizing the WLA|N (802.11 b/g)
infrastructure.
Reduces on-campus and inter-campus calls.
Only with in campus
3G????(not applicable because IP-PBX does not
support)
(companies like Nokia, Avaya, Motorola use this
technology).
IP Multimedia Subsystem
- Suparna
Introduction to IMS
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IMS stands for IP Multimedia Subsystem
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IMS is a key enabler of Fixed-Mobile Convergence
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IMS is an architecture that merges the
applications and capabilities of the Internet with
both wireless and wire line telephony, and
promotes fixed/mobile convergence.
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An IMS/SIP approach enables both voice and
data applications to run over IP, rather than
locking it into the mobile carriers' legacy
networks.
Layered Approach
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Access Network
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Transport ( Connectivity) layer
Core Network
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Control Layer
Service Layer
IMS Architecture Overview
Functional Architecture
Horizontal Integration of IMS
Advantages of Horizontal Integration
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Service Enablers and common functions
can be reused for multiple operations
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Operations competence required is more
generic
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Helps to provide interoperability and
reaming and other such functions more
economically to the consumer
Interoperability in IMS
Advantages over Existing Systems
The core network is independent of a
particular access technology ( GSM,
WCDMA, CDMA and also WLAN)
 Integrated mobility for all network
applications
 Easier migration of applications from fixed
to mobile users
 Faster deployment of new services based
on standardized architecture
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Advantages over Existing Systems
New applications such as presence
information, videoconferencing, Push to
talk over cellular (POC), multiparty
gaming, community services and content
sharing.
 Evolution to combinational services, for
example by combining instant messaging
and voice
 User profiles are stored in a central
location
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Issues Related to IMS
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Benefits need to be further articulated in terms of
actual savings.
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IMS is "operator friendly" which means that it
provides the operator with comprehensive control
of content at the expense of the consumer.
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IMS uses the 3GPP variant of SIP, which needs to
interoperate with the IETF SIP.
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IMS is an optimization of the network, and
investments for such optimization are
questionable.
Substitution of legacy system
References
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http://www.motorola.com/networkoperators/pdfs/new/IMS
-WhitePaper.pdf#search='IP%20multimedia%20subsystem‘
http://www.ericsson.com/technology/whitepapers/ims_ip_
multimedia_subsystem.pdf
http://www.insightcorp.com/ExecSummaries/fmc05ExecSu
m.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem#Ba
sic_Principles
FMC using SIP
FMC using SIP
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FMC solutions aimed at wireline operators take an opposite
approach from those aimed at wireless providers
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Wireline-oriented FMC solutions are based on SIP standards
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SIP approach has benefits since SIP has already entered the
emerging wireless network (via 3GPP) and is inherently compatible
with IMS architecture
INTRODUCTION to SIP
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H.323 protocol
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Session initiation protocol
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SIP considered to be a simpler, more flexible alternative
to H.323 with the ability to support advanced services.
What is SIP
 SIP or Session Initiation Protocol is an application-level control
protocol for setting up, changing and terminating multimedia
sessions between participants on IP data networks.
 SIP is a text-based protocol, similar to HTTP and SMTP, for initiating
interactive communication sessions between users. Such sessions
include voice, video, chat, interactive games, and virtual reality.
SIP Architecture
SIP Entities
User Agent
User Agent Client
User Agent Server
 Proxy Server
 Redirect Server
 Registrar Server
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How SIP works
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Long distance calls through the traditional telephony
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Telephony system works via a cog and wheel setup
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SIP refers to a protocol that allows computers to talk to each other
without going through a central station.
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SIP is typically offered in two formats, computer based and
hardware based
SIP based telephony
SIP Session Establishment and
Termination
Services that SIP can provide
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Call Hold
Consultation Hold
Unattended Transfer
Call forward on Busy/NoAnswer/Unconditiona
3-Way Conference
Find-Me
Incoming/Outgoing Call Screening
Call Waiting
SIP structure
SIP based session management
SIP in IMS
The key technology behind IMS is the SIP
protocol
 Advantages of SIP
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Simple
Extensible
Flexible
Familiar
SIP in IMS
SIP based FMC solution
SIP in FMC
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FMC is likely to bring to reality the following scenarios
hitherto considered impossible.
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A cell phone user may start receiving calls on his SIP home phone when
he enters his home, saving spectrum and charges for the ‘home
roaming usage’. This kind of hand-off is both extremely non-intrusive
and cost beneficial.
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Enterprise subscribers may roam their mobile number into a business
environment via one to many SIP devices. This may be offered by a
service bureau as a managed service.
Contd…
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Enterprise subscribers may roam their mobile numbers in their enterprise
network via one to several SIP devices. This further establishes that none of
the existing infrastructure will be rendered a waste.
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Mobile subscribers may continue enjoying all enhanced services available
on their home PLMN networks in any roaming network they are visiting and
on their landline networks as well.
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Mobile subscribers may seamlessly roam between locations with calls
transparently following them irrespective of whether they are in a cable zone
or a public WiFi hot spot.
UMA
What is UMA?
Unlicensed Mobile Access
Unlicensed
Mobile Access (UMA)
technology provides access to GSM and
GPRS mobile services over unlicensed
spectrum technologies, including
Bluetooth and 802.11.
 It establishes a standard for seamless
hand-off and roaming between a cellular
network and fixed IP-based wireless
networks .
UMA (Unlicensed Mobile Access)
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UMA lets mobile operators deliver voice, data
and IMS/SIP(IP Multi media Subsystem
/Session Initiated Protocol) applications to
mobile phones on Wi-Fi access network using
dual-mode mobile handsets.
In order to promote the widespread adoption
of UMA technology, a number of leading
companies within the wireless industry have
jointly developed a set of open specifications.
UMA Protocols
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UMA is on top of it at the transport
layer (Layer 4) and has its own set of
control protocols .
UNC
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The UMA specification is based around UNC.
What is UNC???
A UMA Network Controller (UNC) acts as a virtual
base station,
providing handoff
between cellular
and Wi-Fi networks.
Cellular /UMA
How UMA Technology Works
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A mobile subscriber with a UMA-enabled, dualmode handset moves within range of an
unlicensed wireless network to which the
handset is allowed to connect.
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Upon connecting, the handset contacts the
UMA Network Controller (UNC) over the
broadband IP access network to be
authenticated and authorized to access GSM
voice and GPRS data services via the
unlicensed wireless network.
(Contd..)
If
approved, the subscriber’s current
location information stored in the core
network is updated, and from that point
on all mobile voice and data traffic is
routed to the handset via the Unlicensed
Mobile Access Network (UMAN) rather
than the cellular radio access network
(RAN).
Roaming
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When a UMA-enabled subscriber moves
outside the range of an unlicensed wireless
network to which they are connected, the UNC
and handset facilitate roaming back to the
licensed outdoor network. This roaming
process is completely transparent to the
subscriber.
Handover
Handover in:
The mobile station moves from macro network to a
UMAN.
 Handover out:
The mobile station moves from UMAN to macro
network.
 Handover UMA:
The mobile station moves with in a UMAN or from
UMAN to UMAN.
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Handoff
Specifications
 Subject to mode selection, UMA shall support
seamless handover in and handover out
,provided the following conditions are true:
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The mobile station stays within the limits of
service (pedestrian state of motion)
The mobile station remains during the time of
handover within the coverage of both the
networks.
UMA shall manage bandwidth during handover
between macro network and UMAN.
Security in UMA
Different security mechanism operate at different levels:
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MS to AP – UMA does not mandate any security
mechanism, but can coexist with those available, such
WPA, WPA2, or WEP.
MS to UNC – The UNC includes a security gateway that
provides mutual authentication and encryption for the
traffic across the WLAN and the broadband connection.
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MS to core mobile network – The encryption and
authentication methods used by the MS when using the
GERAN are also used to protect UMA connections.
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MS to application server – An additional end-to-end data
application mechanism (for example, HTTPS) may be
used if needed.
Advantages
Availability &Pricing
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UMA could be used to provide better inbuilding coverage for customers who don't get
a good cellular signal in some areas, including
basements.
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It enables service providers to deliver voice at
a lower cost when handsets are within range
of an unlicensed wireless network.
Issues
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If a customer doesn't have a wireless network already in
the house, a wireless access point would be needed in
addition to a broadband link .
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The most expensive and technologically challenging
component of UMA solution is the Wi-Fi and cellular
handset, because of battery-life limitations, cost, and
size .
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UMA cannot guarantee the quality of a voice call or the
throughput of a data connection and traffic prioritization
with QoS can significantly improve performance,
especially in a residential environment where traffic is
likely to be less heavy than in the enterprise.
http://www.arcchart.com/blueprint/show.asp?id=368
Conclusion:
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FMC will mean a greater flexibility, more
freedom, lower costs and simplified
communications and is more advance than
many other technologies by giving the
user best of both worlds.