Transcript 2: Operating Systems

Fundamentals of Networking
Discovery 1, Chapter 2
Operating Systems
Objectives
• Describe the purpose of an OS and identify common
operating systems available.
• Perform an installation of an OS and prepare the
computer to participate on the network.
• Maintain an operating system.
Purpose of the OS
• Allows components to work together
• Write a report & print
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Enter on keyboard
Stored in RAM
Processed by CPU
Displayed on monitor
Printed on printer
• All computerized devices require an OS
How the OS Works
• Loads OS into RAM from disk drive
• Shell
▫ Requests tasks from the computer
▫ Provides access to the OS
• Interact with the shell using:
▫ Command Line Interface (CLI)
▫ Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Kernel
▫ OS code that interacts with the computer hardware is
known as the
▫ Manages communication between hardware & software
The OS
CLI
GUI
The OS
• Manage one user at a time
• Multitask
▫ OS keeps track of resources used
• What are some resources are not directly connected
to the PC?
▫ Server storage, Network printing…
Redirector & NOS
• Software that allows computer to send/receive over
network
▫ Network Client
▫ Allows device to be shared
▫ Acts as though it were directly connected
Review so far…
• Which interface has a command prompt?
▫ CLI
• After powering up, the OS gets loaded into where?
▫ RAM
• What interfaces with the user & application?
▫ Shell
OS License
• Commercial License
 Windows, Mac, UNIX
• GNU Public License (GPL)
▫ FREE
 Linux
Comparing Licenses
Commercial
License
GPL
Access
Restricts/limits
access to code
Access to code &
can enhance it
Cost
Expensive $$$
Free
Windows, Mac, Unix;
license each PC
Development
Cycle
Structured; changes
aren’t avail quickly
Ongoing, changes
distributed quickly
Support
Avail for a fee
usually
Mostly community
support & free
OS Requirements
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Amount of RAM
Hard disk space required
Processor type and speed
Video resolution
• Minimum
▫ Poor performance
• Recommended
Activity- Commercial or GPL
Choosing An OS
• Must meet requirements of user
▫ Support applications
▫ Security sufficient
• Is the hardware supported by the OS?
▫ Does it support the RAM, HD, CPU, Sound Card, etc.
• Can your company support the new OS?
• At home, will support be available readily?
TCO
• Total Cost of
Ownership
▫ Buying, installing,
supporting
Review
1. Which type of OS provides full access to the source
code?
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GPL
2. Which type of OS is costly?
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Commercial
3. Which type of OS provides support through its
users?
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GPL
Review
1. Name 4 specifications for OS install requirements.
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HD
Processor
RAM
Video Resolution
2. Describe a network redirector.
3. What are the 2 ways you can interact with the
shell?
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CLI & GUI
Lab 2.2
• Specifications of OS
Ways to Install an OS
• Clean Install
• Upgrade
• Multi-boot
• Virtualization
Clean Install
• New system or no way
to upgrade
• Deletes all data
• Applications need to
be reinstalled
• When would you do a
clean install?
Upgrade OS
• System settings,
applications and
data are saved
• Replaces old OS
files with new
ones
Installing the OS- Multi-boot
• Can install more than one
OS to a drive
• Each has its own
partition
▫ Own files & config settings
• On start, user chooses
which OS
• Only one OS runs at a
time
Installing the OS- Virtualization
• Used on servers
• So multiple copies of
OS can be used on a
single set of
hardware
Activity
Prepare for Install
• Verify all hardware can work with the OS
• Meet or exceed the minimum hardware
requirements
• Do you have CD or DVD & the correct drive?
• Make sure PC is virus free AND make a full backup
of all important files
• If doing a clean-install, make sure you have all
application software for re-installation
File System
• Verify system used
▫ NTFS
▫ FAT16
▫ FAT32
• These indicate
▫ How large of a HD can be used
▫ How files are organized, stored, retrieved and
encrypted from the HD
Partitions
• On clean install, some
techs…
▫ Partition 1 for OS
▫ Partition 2 for data
• Also used for multi-boot
• When upgrade OS, data
will not be deleted
Review so far…
1. What is a partition?
2. What happens to data on a HD during a clean
install?
3. How many OS’s are running in a multiboot system?
4. What happens to applications during an upgrade?
Configure for Network
• What is a network?
▫ Group of devices connected
to each other to share info &
resources
• NIC
• IP Address
▫ Id’s computer UNIQUE
• Subnet Mask
▫ Id’s the network it is on
• Default Gateway
▫ The way out of the network
to communicate w/ other
networks
Network Communication
Configuring the IP Address
• Manual (static) or Dynamic (automatic) pool from server
Computer Naming
• Manually assigned
• For easy sharing
• Admin designs naming
scheme
• CL-PRT-Eng-01 represents
the 1st color laser printer
in the Engineering
Department
Planning Names & Addresses
• The larger the network gets, you MUST be organized
& documented!
• Come up with guidelines
Review
1. A DHCP server assigns address how?
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Automatically/Dynamically
2. What are 3 settings you need to connect to a
network?
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IP, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway
3. What is a default gateway?
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Address to get out of the network so it can
communicate with other networks
4. Describe a partition.
Review
1. Which install method requires applications to be
reinstalled?
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Clean Install
2. Before upgrading the OS, what should you do with
your data?
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Back it up
3. To be on a network, what 2 things need to be
unique?
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IP address & computer name
When to Apply Patches
• What’s a patch?
▫ Piece of program code
that can correct a
problem or enhance the
functionality of an
application program or
OS
• Update computers often
BUT make sure you
understand the patch
first!
What Version Do You Have?
• Windows 7, Vista, XP
▫ Start
▫ Winver
• Version
• EULA
3
Applying the OS Patch
• Automatic
installation
▫ Select time to install
• Prompt for
Permission
• Manual
Auto, Manual, or Prompt?
Application Software Patches
• Browsers, Office, other programs
• Repair a detected vulnerability or other problem
• Found on manufacturer’s site
Question???
• Windows XP has a known problem working with
certain AMD processors. How could you best solve
this problem?
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Reinstall the CPU
Delete XP & do a clean install
Set up another XP partition
Install a Windows patch that fixes it
Replace the processor with a different one
Lab 2.3.3
Review
1. What’s a patch?
2. Where can you find a patch?
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Manufacturer’s web site
3. What are the 3 methods for getting OS updates?
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Auto, Manual, With Permission
4. What user interface has icons?
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GUI
Review
1. Where do devices get IP addresses from
dynamically?
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A DHCP server
2. What is needed to install two OS’s on a PC?
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Multiple partitions
3. What letter grade will you get on this test?
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A or B, hopefully
Review- 5
Fundamentals of Networking
Discovery 1, Chapter 2
Operating Systems