Transcript Green Passport

Practice School-I Course No. BITS F221
Green Passport
Objective
• To study the power consumption of
equipment used in telecommunication
network.
• To develop a standard for telecom equipment
taking into consideration various parameters
ranging efficiency to emission.
Need
• In India, according to TRAI the number of
mobile subscribers have increased from 580
million in 2010 to 900 million in 2015
• The increase in the number of subscriber has
led to greater energy consumption from 39PJ
to 160PJ.
• Consequently, emerging technologies need to
be evaluated on their environmental impact,
hence the need for standardization.
• Standardizations will help to compare the
results of one telecom operator with other
operators to find any energy efficiency
improvement need to be made.
Projected growth of mobile subscribers
Network Architecture
• Access network
• Core network
• Customer premises equipment
Power consumption
Power consumption at Access network
• Consumer premises equipment like DSL modem
consumes 5-10 W per subscriber. Other mobile
station like mobile phones consumes much less
power, approximately 0.1W per station.
Carbon footprints in the telecom industry
• The carbon footprint from any telecom
equipment can be evaluated using the
following formula:
CM = 0.365 [0.84 xM PM + (0.528 yM zM / η)] in Tonnes
Energy efficiency metric
• The energy efficiency metric is typically
defined as the ratio between the functional
unit and the energy necessary to deliver the
functional unit.
• The higher the value of the metric, the greater
the Efficiency of the equipment.
ITU-T standard for Telecom Equipment
• Metric for DSLAM, MSAM GPON GEPON
equipment
Pport= PEQ /Nports [W/port]
• Metrics for wireless access technologies
EEcoverage = Acoverage/ Psite
where, Pequipment = (PBH.tBH + Pmed.tmed + Plow.tlow) /
(tBH+ tmed + tlow)
• Metrics for routers and Ethernet switches
EER= Ti/Pw [Mbit/s/W]
• Metrics for small networking devices
EER= (.35.Tidle + .5.Tlowpower + .15.Tmaximum) /
(.35.Pidle + .5.Plowpower + .15.Pmaximum)
(Mbit/s/W)
where, T = 0.5(T 20% of max distance +T 80% of max distance)
ETSI standards for Telecom Equipment
• The basic definition for defining metric for
energy efficiency remains same. i.e.
EE = Throughput / Power
• The basic difference is the calculation of
power consumption.
• ETSI standards categorizes load into three
categories.
ETSI standards for Telecom Equipment
Profiles
KPI (Key Performance
indicator)
Pavg weight
coefficients
α
β
γ
Voice
Erlang or subscriber
0.4
0.4
0.2
Data
PPS or SAU
0.2
0.35
0.45
Subscriber
Subscriber
0.1
0.4
0.5
Pavg = α × PL + β × PM + γ × PH
, where (α + β + γ) = 1
Indian scenario
• Major challenge in India is the availability of
grid power.
Indian scenario
• Since the efficiency of alternative source are
much less than grid power, actual power
consumption is defined as:
Pequipment = (Prated * xgrid + (Prated *yDG) / η) / 24
,where η = ηgrid / ηDG
Metrics for Indian scenario
•
•
•
•
Access network
Fixed line network
Eequipment = Nports / PEQ
, where Nport is the maximum number of users
that can be connected to the network such
that the data flow rate for each user stays
above a certain specified value (512kbps)
Metrics for Indian scenario
• Wireless access network
• Eequipment = Acoverage / PEQ
• Acoverage will be defined as the area covered by
the cell site in an open field so that the signal
strength stays above -100db (minimum
threshold for GSM).
Metrics for Indian scenario
• Core network
• EER= Ti/Pavg
• For circuit switched load, throughput is
defined in terms of Erlangs.
• For packet switched load, throughput is the
maximum data rate that the equipment can
handle.
Carbon footprint from Telecom industry in India
Assuming
• Grid power is available for 19 hours in one day
• Efficiency of DG 60%
• kVA rating of DG is 10 kVA
Access network
Carbon emission ( tonne/day)
Fixed line network
900000 tonnes/day
Wireless access network 27000000 tonnes/day
Carbon emission and revenue loss due to use of DG
• The telecom tower industry in India consumes
over 2.5 billion litres of diesel annually.
• Resulting in revenue loss of INR 3,660 Crore
annually at INR 14.64 per litre of diesel.
• 2.5 billion litres of diesel consumed, emit 6.6
million metric tons of CO2 annually
Conclusions & Recommendations
• All Service providers should evolve a ‘Carbon
Credit Policy’ in line with global carbon credits
norms
• Evolution and adoption of the accurate carbon
emission measurement estimation suitable for
Indian telecom network.
• Setup a national framework of information that
contains the entire information related to carbon
emission estimation
• Establishing a system for automatic information
collection from the source.
Conclusions & Recommendations
• Access power generation at the Base station sites is
one major cause for escalated estimation of Carbon
Emission in Indian Telecom Industry
• There should be a nationwide consolidation of the
unutilized access power generated by IP for meeting
the TSP requirement and a suitable policy should be
formed for its utilization.
• In order to provide adequate focus on the overall
carbon emission reduction exercise, it would be
necessary to set separate target of the carbon emission
reduction for all the network segments separately