Transcript Chapter 5

Chapter
5
INTERNET
Objectives of this chapter:
You can…
Discuss the history of the Internet
Explain how to access and
connect to the Internet
Describe the types of Web sites
Imagine the future of the internet
Overview
•
This chapter covers
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Introduction
History
Internet Software
Internet Services
Future of the Internet
5.1 Introduction
Introduction
•
What is the Internet?
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The largest network of networks in the world
Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching
Runs on any communications substrate
Introduction (cont’d)
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Also called the Net
One huge global interconnected networks that
comprised millions of computers
A world-wide collection of networks that links
millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individual
Internet services widely use – World Wide Web & email
Introduction (cont’d)
•
A technology to link LAN network to a bigger
network
•
Every computer in the network can directly share
data and information with other computers
•
Internet Service Provider (ISP) are responsible to
provide Internet services:
– Examples: Jaring, MIMOS, TMNet, Telekom,
Maxis.net , Time Telekom
Introduction (cont’d)
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“Galactic” Network
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–
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A network that is connected globally where each
computers are able to retrieve data directly and share
information
Every computer on the internet has an IP address (similar
to a telephone number) and it is able to exchange data
directly with other computers by “dialing” the computer’s
address
The Internet uses packet switching concept where data
sent are divided into smaller units known as packets
Each unit of packet has a number and destination address
Introduction (cont’d)
•
Interoperability
–
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The Internet allows every computer in a network to
operate even tough each remote computers are of different
brands and models or in a cross-platform network.
For example, a user can contact other computers like
MAC, Windors PC, UNIX Machine and Mainframe using
MAC.
Telnet is an example of an Internet service where a user
can access a remote computer in a network after keying in
login and password
Introduction (cont’d)
•
How to connect to the Internet?
Slow-speed
technology
Dial-up access
modem in your
computer uses a
standard telephone line
to connect to the Internet
Connection must be established
each time you log on.
Slow but inexpensive
High-speed
connection
Digital subscriber line (DSL),
cable telephone Internet
services (CATV), cable modem,
fixed wireless, and satellite modems
Connection is always on—
whenever the computer
is running
Introduction (cont’d)
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All computers have a unique Internet Protocol (IP)
address.
All computers use TCP/IP protocol to communicate.
Requires communication device like modem, ISDN
adapter, Ethernet card, telephone line
Download - to transmit data from a remote computer to a
local computer
Upload - to transmit data from a local computer to a
remote computer
Introduction (cont’d)
•
TCP/IP
–
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
– a combined set of protocols that tells computers how to
exchange information over the Internet.
• TCP monitors and ensures correct transfer of data.
• IP receives the data from TCP, breaks it up into
packets, and ships it off to a network within the
Internet.
Introduction (cont’d)
–
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Each Internet services require different protocols.
Examples like FTP and HTTP sit on top of TCP/IP.
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) – accessed using FTP
browser or DOS prompt
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – accessed
using Web Browser
• POP3 and SMTP – accessed using Mail Browser
Introduction (cont’d)
•
Role of ISP
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Access is provided by the Internet Service
Provider (ISP) i.e. Jaring, TMNet.
– ISP provides a back bone to the network – either:
• PSTN (Public Switch Telephone Network)
• ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) or
• SONET (Synchronized Optical Network)
– ISP also provide domain name registration for
each organization.
Introduction (cont’d)
•
What is a domain name?

Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address

Number that uniquely identifies
each computer or device
connected to Internet
Introduction (cont’d)
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Communication Link
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Shell Access
• Usually by free shell account providers used for textbased email, IRC.
• Modem and phone line  temporary IP
• Computer  providers that connect to the Internet (not
directly connect to Internet)
– Dial-up Point-to-Point (PPP)
• Modem, phone line, ISDN adapter  temporary IP
• Computer  Internet
Introduction (cont’d)
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Cable/Satellites
• Dial-up with modem and phone line  temporary IP.
• Faster transmission rate.
– Leased Line
• Modem and dedicated line  fixed IP.
• Usually to host Internet/Web Server.
• Support Extranet (external Internet) i.e. Sony Malaysia
and Sony Japan.
How the Internet Works
• How might data
travel the Internet
using a cable
modem connection?
5.2 History
History
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1962
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Started from Lickder’s “Galactic Network” idea that
introduced the concept of Packet Switching. RAND
researchers concluded that Packet Switching was the best
concept
1968
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Lawrence G Roberts from DARPA formulated the
specifications for Advanced Research Agency Network
(ARPANET)
1969
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ARPANET connected 4 computers in California and
Utah, connecting university and research center with the
Department of Defence (DoD) - USA
History (cont’d)
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1973
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ARPANET became an international network
1981
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ARPANET connected 213 computers
1984
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Total computers connected to ARPANET reached 1000
1987
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Total computers connected to ARPANET reached 10,000
History (cont’d)
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Packet Switching
– In 1962, Galactic Network introduced the concept
of packet-switching, a new technology to transfer
information between 2 distant computers
– Packet-switching technology will break each
message/data into smaller unit called packets for
speedy and guaranteed delivery
– Each packet carries a unique identification
number and the destination address
History (cont’d)
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ARPANET – (Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network)
– In 1968, L.G. Roberts from DARPA institute
published a specification for Advanced Research
Agency Network (ARPANET)
– In 1969, ARPANET successfully connected 4
research computers in California & Utah
– E-mail services was introduced in 1972 – people
exchange text messages across a long distance
– In 1973, ARPANET become international
network
History (cont’d)
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By 1981, ARPANET has 213 inter-connected
computers called the Internet
In 1982, ARPANET was taken by DARPA
and given to NSF (National Science
Foundation)
In 1983, the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) was
introduced by Kahn & Cerf
By 1984 the network has grown to 1,000
computers and increased to 10,000 in the
following 3 years
History (cont’d)
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World Wide Web (WWW)
– In 1989, a researcher named Tim Berners-Lee
proposed the idea WWW while working at CERN
(a physics laboratory in Europe)
– In 1993, a group of professors and students at the
University of Illinois National Center for
Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) release
mosaic – the first graphically based web browser
History (cont’d)
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What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?
A worldwide collection of electronic documents
Also called the Web
Each electronic document is called a Web page
Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and built-in connections
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
5.3 Internet Software
Internet Software
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Internet software allows user to use the
services provided by the Internet
1. Web Browser
–
Allows user to view web page and browse
Internet sites
Internet Software - www
•
Example of Web browser
Microsoft
Internet
Explorer
Firefox
Netscape
Opera
Mozilla
Safari
Internet Software - www
• How does a Web browser display a home page?
Step 2.
Web browser
looks up the home
page setting
Step 3.
The Web browser
communicates with the
ISP’s server to retrieve
the IP address. The IP
address is sent to your
computer.
Step 1.
Click the Web browser
program name
Step 4.
The home page
displays in the Web
browser
Internet Software (cont’d)
2. Pager
– A software that allows a individual user to
communicate with other Internet users. Each
user has to have the same software in their
computer and register at a certain website for
them to obtain an unique identity or ID
– The user can then use this software by
adding in other user’s ID in his/her pager
software to be able to know whether the
other user is online on the Internet
Internet Software (cont’d)
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–
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It is usually used to communicate with other
“known” individual; as the user needs to know the
other user’s ID
Examples of pager software - Yahoo Messenger,
ICQ and MSN Messenger etc
Some software such as Skype also allows user to
communicate via telephone, using Internet as the
intermediary medium
Internet Software (cont’d)
3. E-Mail
– A software that allows user to read, write and store
e-mails
– Examples of e-mail software – Microsoft Outlook,
Outlook Express, Netscape Messenger and Mozilla
Thunderbird
4. Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
– A software that allows user to use Internet Relay Chat
services (Real-time Chat).
– An examples of IRC software – mIRC
Internet Software (cont’d)
5. Download Manager
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Allow users to download files to their computers
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It can continue to download the file if the user decide to
continue downloading at a later time, or if the user got
disconnected and connected again from the network, without
having to start the download again from the beginning of the
file
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However, to continue downloading from where you stop
depends on the server that hosts the file(s). Note that not all
server support this process
–
The software is also capable of searching other server that hosts
the same file(s), which is faster and/or closer to the user’s
location.
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E.g. – FlashGet, Download Accelerator Plus, Godzilla and
RealNetwork download manager
Internet Software (cont’d)
6. Internet Music Player
– Capable of playing music from the internet
– Some web pages like radio or tv station’s web sites,
provide a web based audio and/or video
broadcasting/streaming through the internet. It can only be
viewed using special software
– Among the popular software are RealPlayer and Microsoft
Media Player
– This technology of listening/viewing audio/video through
the internet is called “Streaming”
5.4 Internet Services
Internet Services
1. E-mail
– Used to send messages digitally through the internet
– Every message delivery should have: address of the
recipient, address of the sender, subject of the
message and body of the message
– Email operations include - reply, forward, delete,
save and print
– Email will take a few seconds to be sent, it will be
stored in the recipient’s email server until the
recipient retrieves it. Then the recipient may reply,
forward, delete, save or print the email
Internet Services (cont’d)
[email protected]
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User name/ID: azuramasura
•
Domain name: jpa
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Top-level domain: .gov
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Two-letter country extension: .my
Other Internet Services
Step 1.
Using e-mail
software, you
create and send
message
•
Step 2.
How does an e-mail
message travel?
Your software
contacts software
on your ISP’s
outgoing mail
server
Step 4.
When recipient uses
e-mail software to check
for e-mail messages, the
message transfers from
incoming mail server to
recipient’s computer
Step 3.
Software on outgoing mail server
determines best route for data and sends
message, which travels along Internet
routers to recipient’s incoming mail server
Internet Services (cont’d)
2. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
– FTP is a protocol used to transfer (download or
upload) files between computers on the internet.
– FTP Client software can be used on PCs to
connect to FTP server.
– 2 types of modes to transfer files using FTP are:
• ACII (text files)
• Binary (usually programs, graphics and
basically all other file types other than text)
Internet Services (cont’d)
–
Usually username and password is required to login
to FTP service on a FTP server
– Anonymous FTP is one way to connect to FTP server
without having to identify yourself. Anonymous
FTP example:
• Type the following command on a DOS prompt
 ftp ftp.jaring.my
Enter the following username an password when
asked
Login: anonymous or Anonymous
Passwd: <enter your email address>
Internet Services (cont’d)
3. Newsgroup/Message boards

Newsgroup
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Online area where users discuss a particular subject
Message board
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
Type of discussion group
Many Web sites use
message boards
because they are
easier to use
Internet Services (cont’d)
4. Chat
– Real-time typed conversation that takes place on a
computer
– Chat room is location on server that permits users
to discuss topics of interest
– Instant Messaging
– Example: mIRC, Yahoo Messanger, Skype, MSN
Messanger etc
5. Internet Telephony
– Real-time audio and video technology, such as Voice Over IP
(VoIP) and Video Conferencing is getting more popular
– VoIP techology uses three methods:
• PC-to-PC – Using sound card, microphone and computer
• Phone-to-PC
• Phone-to-Phone – Using Telephones that support VoIP
– The quality is not guaranteed (No QoS), There are noise and
echo. All calls are charged as local calls.
Internet Services (cont’d)
6. Telnet
– Allows users to login to remote computers using valid
username and password. Users need to have an account on
the remote computer. Issue the following command in
DOS promt
telnet www.upm.edu.my
– A secured alternative to telnet is by connecting to remote
computer using SSH (Secure Shell)
ssh www.upm.edu.my
– The remote computer must have Telnet/SSH server
running for users to connect to it
Internet Services (cont’d)
7. Ping
– Allows users to check whether a remote computer is
up/operational. Type the following command in DOS
prompt
ping www.upm.edu.my
– This command or service might not work properly if:
•
•
•
The server or user is behind a firewall and it blocks ICMP request.
Your ISP does not allow this type of request.
The server has an embedded firewall on it and it blocks ICMP
request.
Internet Services (cont’d)
8. Web Sites
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A framework architecture used to share and access
documents that is connected to the internet
Information displayed are intuitive, easy to use and using
interesting graphical interface
Information are exchanged using client server concept.
A web document that interconnects pages is called
hypertext
A text string that links a page to other pages is called a
hyperlink
Hypertext that contains other media (graphics, audio,
video, etc.) is called hypermedia
WWW is a world wide hypermedia and hypertext system
Internet Services (cont’d)-website
–
Every address is unique and is called Universal Resource
Locator (URL)
http://www.jaring.my/intro/index.html
server
protocol
–
path
File name
URLs consists of 4 parts:
• Protocol:
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• Server:
Internet domain name
• Path:
The location of the document in the
server- folder/directory name
• Resources name: The filename, usually in one of these
formats
html/cgi/sound/movie/graphic
Internet Services (cont’d)-website
•

What is Search engine
Program used to find
Web sites and Web
pages by entering
words or phrases
called search text

Also called a keyword
Internet Services (cont’d)-website
•
What is a hit?

Any Web site name that is listed as the result of a search
Step 2.
Select type of
search you want
to run
Step 1. Go to search engine
Step 3. View hits
Step 4.
Click
link to view
Web site
Internet Services (cont’d)website
•
12 basic types of Web sites
Portal
News
Informational
Business/
Marketing
Advocacy
Blog
Wiki
Social
Network
Educational Entertainment
Content
Aggregator
Personal
Internet Services (cont’d)website
•
Portal Web site

A Web site that offers a variety of services from one, convenient
location, usually for free

Searching, news, sports
and weather, Web
publishing, reference
tools, stock quotes, maps,
shopping, e-mail, and
online communities
(Web sites that join
people with similar
interests)
Internet Services (cont’d)-website
•
News Web site


Contains newsworthy material
Stories and articles relating to current events, life,
money, sports, and the weather
Internet Services (cont’d)-website
• Informational Web site


Contains factual information
Created by organizations and government agencies
Internet Services (cont’d)-website
• Business/marketing Web site


Contains content that promotes products or services
Allows you to purchase products or services online
Internet Services (cont’d)-website
• Educational Web site

Offers avenues for formal and informal teaching
and learning


Some companies
offer online training
for employees
Some colleges offer
online classes and
degrees
Internet Services (cont’d)-website
• Entertainment Web site

Offers an interactive and engaging environment
featuring music, video, sports, games, and more
Internet Services (cont’d)-website
• Advocacy Web site

Contains content that describes a cause, opinion,
or idea
Internet Services (cont’d)website
• Blog web site



Short for Weblog
Uses a regularly updated
journal format to reflect the
interests, opinions, and
personalities of the author and
sometimes site visitors
Video blog (vlog), blogosphere,
and vlogosphere
Internet Services (cont’d)-website
• Wiki web site

Collaborative Web site that allows users to add to,
modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web
browser
Internet Services (cont’d)website
• Online social network



Encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories,
photos, music, and videos
Media sharing Web site
Other example?




Friendster
Facebook
Hi5
Geni (family tree)
Internet Services (cont’d)-website
• Content aggregator web site

Business that gathers and organizes Web content and
then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for
free or a fee
Internet Services (cont’d)-website
• Personal Web site


Web page maintained by private individual
Reasons: sharing life experience with the world
or job hunting
Internet Services (cont’d)-website
•
Graphics formats are used on the Web
BMP
JPEG
PNG
(pronounced JAY-peg)
(pronounced ping)
GIF
(pronounced JIFF)
TIFF
Internet Services (cont’d)-website
• What is streaming audio/video?
The process of
transferring audio/video
in a continuous
and even flow
Enables you to
listen to music/ watch video
as it downloads
to your computer
Example of a web site offers video streaming: www.youtube.com
Example of a web site offers audio streaming: www.i-bands.net/bandlist.php
Netiquette
• What is netiquette?

Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while
on the Internet
Golden Rule: Treat others as
you would like them to treat you.
5.5 HTML Programming
Language
Introduction
What is HTML?

HyperText Markup Language

It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based information in a
document—by denoting certain text as links, headings, paragraphs, lists, and so
on—and to supplement that text with interactive forms, embedded images, and
other objects [wikipedia].
Introduction (cont’d)
HTML Version Timeline
1995
1997
HTML 2.0
HTML 3.2
1997
2000
HTML 4.0
HTML 4.01
Introduction (cont’d)
HTML Editor


HTML documents are plain-text files that can be created using any text editor
Example:
 Netscape Composer
 Notepad, word.
Web page authoring software



Creates sophisticated Web pages without need to type/edit HTML
It generates HTML automatically
Examples:





Dreamweaver
Flash
Microsoft Frontpage
Expression Web
Silverlight
Web Page Development
How are special effects and interactive elements added to a Web page?
Script
interpreted
program that
runs on client
Applet
usually runs
on client, but
is compiled
Counter
tracks
number of
visitors to
Web site
Servlet
applet that
runs on
server
Image map
graphic
image that
points to
URL
ActiveX
control
small program
that runs on
client
Processing
form
collects data
from visitors
to Web site
Introduction (cont’d)
Some scripting language :






JavaScript
Perl (Practical Extraction
and Report Language)
PHP (PHP: Hypertext
Preprocessor)
Rexx (Restructured
eXtended eXecutor)
TCL (Tool Command
Language)
VBScript (Visual Basic,
Scripting Edition)
Introduction (cont’d)
What are XHTML, XML, and WML?
Microbrowser - is a web browser designed for
use on a mobile device such as a mobile phone
or PDA.
XHTML
(Extensible HTML)
enables Web sites to be displayed
more easily on microbrowsers
Includes features of HTML
and XML
XML
Server sends entire record to
client, enabling client to do
much of processing without
going back to server
(Extensible Markup Language)
allows developers to
create customized tags
WML
(Wireless Markup Language)
allows developers to design pages
specifically for microbrowsers
Many Internet-enabled
smart phones and PDAs
use WML as their markup
language
Web page Development
• HTML is composed of tags
• Tags - tells browser how to display the
information provided
• HTML tags are always enclosed in angle-brackets
( < > ) and are case-insensitive
• Generally used in pairs
– Open tag
– Closing tag – same tag with / in front
– Example: <tag> ... </tag>
Web page Development (cont’d)
• Basic tags
<html>
<body> </body>
</html>
If you view this from the browser, you will
see a blank page.
Web page Development (cont’d)
• HTML Header and Paragraph
<html>
<body>
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Heading 2</h2>
<h3>Heading 3</h3>
<h4>Heading 4</h4>
<h5>Heading 5</h5>
<h6>Heading 6</h6>
<p> This is a paragraph</p>
<p> This is another paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>
• See the output of this HTML
The text between this tag is
displayed as a heading.
HTML has six levels of headings,
<h1> through <h6>
with 1 being the largest
The text between this tag is
displayed as a paragraph
Web page Development (cont’d)
•
HTML Document – linking
–
Hyperlink - browser highlights the identified text or image
with color and/or underlines to indicate that it is a
hypertext link
– Relative linking - the path to the linked file relative to the
location of the current file.
<a href=“page1.html”> Click Page 1 </a>
– Absolute linking - linking to documents that are not
directly related
<a href=“http://www.fsktm.upm.edu.my”>FSKTM</a>
Web page Development (cont’d)
HTML Links
• HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.
• Example:
<html>
<body>
<h3>Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)</h3>
<p>UPM is a Malaysia’s leading research intensive public university</p>
<a href="http://www.upm.edu.my">Click here to know more about UPM</a>
</body>
</html>
Target page
Clickable text
• See the output
• Add target=“_blank” to open link in new window
– Example: <a href=“www.upm.edu.my” target="_blank">UPM</a>
Web page Development (cont’d)
• Create a mailto link
– send electronic mail to a specific person or mail alias by including the
mailto attribute in a hyperlink
– will only work if you have mail installed
<html>
<body>
<p>
This is a mail link: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">Send Mail</a>
</p>
</body>
–</html>
See output
Web page Development (cont’d)
• HTML Images
– HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
<html>
<body>
Image source
<img src=upmhead.jpg >
<h3>Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)</h3>
<p>UPM is a Malaysia’s leading research intensive public university</p>
<a href="http://www.upm.edu.my">Click here to know more about UPM</a>
</body>
</html>
– See the output of this HTML
Web page Development (cont’d)
–
GIF
•
•
–
Graphics Interchange Format
Use for graphics
JPG
•
•
–
Joint Photographic Experts Group
Use for photographs
PNG
•
•
Portable Network Graphics
Expected to replace GIF
Web page Development (cont’d)
• An image as a link
– This example demonstrates how to use an image
as a link.
<html>
<body>
<a href=http://www.upm.edu.my> <img src=upmhead.jpg> </a>
<p>Click on the banner to go to UPM’s portal</p>
</body>
</html>
– See output
Web page Development (cont’d)
• HTML Text Formatting tag
<html>
<body>
<p><b>This text is bold</b></p>
<p><strong>This text is strong</strong></p>
<p><big>This text is big</big></p>
<p><em>This text is emphasized</em></p>
<p><i>This text is italic</i></p>
<p><small>This text is small</small></p>
<p>This is<sub> subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup></p>
</body>
</html>
• See output
Tag
DESCRIPTION
<b>
Defines bold text
<big>
Defines big text
<em>
Defines emphasized text
<i>
Defines italic text
<small>
Defines small text
<strong>
Defines strong text
<sub>
Defines subscripted text
<sup>
Defines superscripted text
<ins>
Defines inserted text
<del>
Defines deleted text
<s>
Deprecated. Use <del>
instead
<strike>
Deprecated. Use <del>
instead
<u>
Deprecated. Use styles
instead
Web page Development (cont’d)
• HTML Style Attribute
– The purpose of the style attribute is to provide a common way to style
all HTML elements.
– HTML Style Examples:
•
•
•
•
style="background-color:yellow"
style="font-size:10px"
style="font-family:Times"
style="text-align:center“
This is the new style attributes.
The obsolete old style was:
<body bgcolor=“PowderBlue”>
<html>
<body style="background-color:PowderBlue;">
<h1>Look! Styles and colors</h1>
<p style="font-family:verdana;color:red">This text is in Verdana and red</p>
<p style="font-family:times;color:green">This text is in Times and green</p>
<p style="font-size:30px">This text is 30 pixels high</p>
</body>
</html>
– See output
Web page Development (cont’d)
• Table
– Tables are defined with the <table> tag.
– divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each
row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag).
– The letters td stands for "table data" which is the
content of a data cell.
– A data cell can contain text, images, lists,
paragraphs, forms, horizontal rules, tables, etc.
Web page Development (cont’d)
•
Tables Tags
–
–
–
–
<table> ... </table>
- define table in HTML
<tr> ... </tr>
- specifies a table row within a table
<th> ... </th>
- defines a table header cell
<td> ... </td>
- defines a table data cell
Web page Development (cont’d)
• Table demonstration
– One row and One Column
<html>
<body>
<h1>one Row One column:</h1>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td><h1>1,1</h1></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
– See output
Web page Development (cont’d)
– One Row Two Column
<html>
<body>
<h1>One Row and Two Columns</h1>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td><h1>1,1</h1></td>
<td><h1>1,2</h1></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
– See output
Web page Development (cont’d)
– Two Row and Two Column
<html>
<body>
<h1>Two Rows and Two Columns:</h1>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td><h1>1,1</td>
<td><h1>1,2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h1>2,1</td>
<td><h1>2,2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
– See output
Web page Development (cont’d)
•
Tables – more properties
–
–
–
–
–
BORDER = X
- add borders to the table
WIDTH=x, HEIGHT=x,
- control the size of the table
ALIGN=left or center or right
- align a table/data to the left,center or right
CELLSPACING-the width of the spacing between cell
and along edges of cells.
CELLPADDING-amount of space inserted btw cell
content and the inner edge of a cell
Web page Development (cont’d)
• HTML List
– HTML supports unordered, ordered and definition lists
– Unordered List
• marked with bullets (typically small black circles).
• starts with the <ul> tag.
• each list item starts with the <li> tag
– Ordered Lists
• marked with numbers.
• starts with the <ol> tag
• each list item starts with the <li> tag
– Definition List
•
•
•
•
It is a list of items (terms), with a description of each item (term).
starts with a <dl> tag (definition list).
each term starts with a <dt> tag (definition term).
each description starts with a <dd> tag (definition description).
Web page Development (cont’d)
• Demonstration of Unordered list
<html>
<body>
<h1>An Unordered List:</h1>
<ul>
<li><h1>Coffee</h1></li>
<li><h1>Tea</h1></li>
<li><h1>Milk</h1></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
• See output
Web page Development (cont’d)
• Demonstration of Ordered list
<html>
<body>
<h1>An ordered List:</h1>
<ol>
<li><h1>Coffee</h1></li>
<li><h1>Tea</h1></li>
<li><h1>Milk</h1></li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>
• See output
Web page Development (cont’d)
• Demonstration of Definition list
<html>
<body>
<h1>A Definition List:</h1>
<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>Black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>White cold drink</dd>
</dl>
</body>
</html>
• See output
End of Chapter 5