Transcript Final overview - Faculty Web Sites

Broadcast Technology
RTV 151
Telephony
Internet & WWW
Broadband & Wireless Digital
Mobile Communication
Internet Review
G Advanced Research Projects Agency
G Pentagon / University relationship
G LANs and WANs
G Single location / wide geographic area
G ARPANET combined with LANs and
WANs became the Internet in 1983
G TCP/IP protocol (Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf)
G Packet switching and IP addresses
Domain Name System (DNS)
IP address 158.135.172.2
Text-based DNS translates human language into the
computer’s ‘phone number’
TLD -- .com , .net, .edu (sometime gTLD)
ccTLD -- country code -- .ca , .uk (list)
Determined by IANA, Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
Organizational identifier – tamuc , google
Domain names administered by ICANN -- Internet
Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
Buy domains from registrars (Mad Dog, GoDaddy,
1and1, BlueHost, HostGator, etc.)
Programs on the Internet…
WWW -- Tim Berners-Lee devised HTML
language which led to Mosaic
A browser interprets the HTML
Web page creation...
XML--extensible markup language
SOAP--simple objects access protocol (based on
XML
XHTML--another form of XML
VRML
App creation – OS connection
Programs on the Internet…
E-mail (now email)
Newsgroups / Usenet (link) see chapter
Chat / IM (AIM, iChat, Meebo)
Telnet (link)
FTP (Fetch, Filezilla, etc.)
Internet Phone (Skype, Google Voice)
Web 2.0 (blogs, Second Life, Facebook,
podcasts…) Video streams (Bittorent,
Veoh, Hulu, clicker)
What’s going on today…
Blogs / moblogs / vlogs
Journalism / bloggers
RSS feeds
Podcasts, etc. / newsreader software
New economic models -- Google
Legal issues -- RIAA, MPAA
Other issues
Malware, Digital Divide, charging fees to Internet
sites, net neutrality (Comcast)
Web 2.0?
Google Docs (YouTube ‘tutorial’) / Drive
iCloud
Apple OS X development, Chrome, Windows
What is ‘Digital Media’? / New Media
What is ‘Internet 2’?
Increase speeds
Spread technologies and applications
Take advantage of digital libraries, virtual
laboratories, teleimmersion
What is Web 2.0?
Web 2.0
What is…
Digg?
Stumble Upon?
Photobucket?
Jumpcut?
The WayBack Machine?
The Machine is using us?
A MOOC, Crowdsourcing?
Otherwise going on…………. ?
Mobile Computing Devices
PDAs
(personal digital assistant – ‘Newton’)
Functions / changes through the years
GPS
Vehicle fixed / portable (OnStar example)
Satellite connection vs. most others
Cell Phones
iPhone example (smart phone)
Portable Video Games
GameBoy, Nintendo DS, Sony PSP / music, movies
Ultra Mobile PCs--Origami / Microsoft (discontinued
Recent years -- focus on touch / voice recognition
Wearable Computers? (2 min. video)
Tablets
Broadcasting vs. streaming
DTV – multicasting
DVB-H (digital video broadcasting handheld) standard for broadcasting to
handsets
DMB (digital multimedia broadcasting)
for multimedia broadcasting -- not
available in North America
Streaming allows VOD – (mobile TV)AT&T Mobile (MediaFlo)…failed Verizon
(ended 2012) –mDTV
Backseat TV (ended 12/31/15)
Wireless Technologies
3G / 4G / 5G cell phones -- packet and circuit switching
Wi-Fi
802.11 and 802.11x refers to a family of specifications
developed by the IEEE for wireless LAN technology.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
pronounced I-triple-E
WiMax
(ZYXEL)
Also known as IEEE 802.16--intended for wireless
"metropolitan area networks". Provides broadband
wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed
stations, and 3 - 10 miles (5 - 15 km) for mobile stations.
WiFi/802.11 wireless local area network standard is limited
in most cases to only 100 - 300 feet (30 - 100m).
Clearwire bought by Sprint (phased out as separate)
Why 802?
The 802 group is the section of the IEEE
involved in network operations and
technologies, including mid-sized networks
and local networks. Group 15 deals
specifically with wireless networking
technologies, and includes the now
ubiquitous 802.15.1 working group, which is
also known as Bluetooth.
More wireless data transfer…
Like AppleWatch, ApplePay
Near field communication (NFC) is the
set of protocols that enable electronic
devices to establish radio
communication with each other by
touching the devices together, or
bringing them into proximity to a
distance of typically 10cm or less.
Wireless Technologies
Bluetooth
Name comes from Harald Bluetooth, king of Denmark in the
late 900s
There are lots of different ways that electronic devices can
connect to one another--Component cables, Electrical
wires, Ethernet cables, WiFi, Infrared signals…
Bluetooth is essentially a networking standard that works at
two levels:
It provides agreement at the physical level -- Bluetooth
is a radio-frequency standard;
AND, it provides agreement at the protocol level, where
products have to agree on when bits are sent, how
many will be sent at a time, and how the parties in a
conversation can be sure that the message received is
the same as the message sent. (headphones, cell
phone, GPS, PDA--Starfield example)
Wireless Technologies
ZigBee
The set of specs built around the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless
protocol.
Name "ZigBee" derived from the erratic zigging patterns
many bees make between flowers when collecting pollen.
The standard is regulated by a group known as the ZigBee
Alliance, with over 150 members worldwide.
Bluetooth focuses on connectivity between large packet
user devices--laptops, phones, major peripherals….
ZigBee is designed to provide highly efficient connectivity
between small packet devices.
Wirelsss Technologies
WPAN
(we had LAN, WAN, MAN…)
Wireless personal area network
Bluetooth and Zigbee
Personal hotspots (wi-fi technology)
RFID
“IBM Uses RFID to Track Conference Attendees”
“New chip promises to track kids from miles away”
Tracks things and people
DTV? / HD Radio
Multicasting channels -- data transmission?
Two way interactivity
FCC approval
Technical changes
Copper wires to fiber optic cable
Circuit Switching to packet switching
Landline to wireless
Convergence of technologies and
companies
Technical examples
Fiber Optics (how they work)
Early telephones (women as operators)
Early telephones (dialing a rotary phone)
(push button phone)
Making ‘free’ phone calls (how VoIP works)
Skype / Ooma / Magic Jack / Apple FaceTime
Netzero Voice / Messenger / iChat
Jajah.com (closed 2013)
Google Voice
Cell Phones
Early -- 2-way radio type service
Phone / ‘cells’ / towers
Ugly towers?
Connects to Mobile Telephone Switching
Office (MTSO)
Going to another cell phone in same area on
same service, routed to another tower
To another service or a landline, routed to the
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Generations
‘two-way radio’ style
‘cellular’ process developed by (‘old’) AT&T
IG -- analog -- 1983 -- AMPS -- ‘advanced
mobile phone service
2G -- digital introduction -- early 1990s
CDMA, TDMA initially in the U.S. (CDMA: Sprint,
Verizon)
GSM type adopted first in Europe (AT&T / TMobile)
Generations
3G -- higher data transmission speeds -switch to packet switching (Interim -- ‘2.5G’
‘Edge’) * 2G currently being phased out
Verizon, AT&T, Sprint & T-Mobile all offer
high speed 3G wireless networks. All moving
to 4G...but, interim technologies
3G -- about 3 mbps throughput; 4G about 10
mbps (about 10x faster)
Based on phone AND network infrastructure
Today…
Although GSM and CDMA are often the
foundation…also LTE, HSPDA, UMTS
High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
is an enhanced 3G system
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications
Service) is a 3G broadband, packet-based
transmission of text, VOIP, video, and
multimedia at data rates up to 2 Mbps. UMTS
is based on the Global System for Mobile
(GSM) communication.
3G vs. 4G
Explanation as 4G emerged:
Direct link
Cell phone as hybrid medium
Delivery of video to cellular phones became
widespread… voice / data … and
Verizon’s V-Cast service (3G EV-DO) MobiTV service.
Both use the cellular network to deliver the
content.
New service and technology, MediaFlo, developed
by Qualcomm, used part of the television
broadcasting spectrum (channel 55) to send multimedia content to mobile phones (as noted before).
Allows wireless carriers to offer video content
without taking up much needed bandwidth in their
cellular network.
What is broadband?
ITU -- minimum speed of 256 kilobits/second
FCC -- 1996 Telecommunications Act: 200
Kb/s bidirectionally,
2015 change from FCC: download of 4Mbps
to 25Mbps, and the minimum upload speed
from 1Mbps to 3Mbps,
Wired, Wireless, Satellite
Alternate: DTV multicast channels (etc.)
Broadband delivery -- wired
DSL
DSLAM / extenders (digital subscriber line access multiplexer)
IPTV (AT&T: U-verse, Verizon: FiOS)
Dedicated line (no slowdown)
Cable modem (DOCSIS -- 1.0 / 2.0 / 3.0)
Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
Shared down trunk line (slowdown)
Fiber to the home/premises (FTTH/P)
FTTN -- fiber to the node (last mile is coaxial cable for cable &
twisted-pair copper for DSL) … vs. AT&T now with U-verse build
Broadband over power line (BPL)
Interference
State approval
2016: AT&T AirGig
Broadband delivery -- wireless
Fixed wireless broadband (FWB) (from MMDS)
3G mobile wireless (4G / pre-4G)
Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) (‘WLAN’)
Wi-Max (802.16)
Satellite
HughesNet & WildBlue (several now)
Latency problem (VoIP, games) “a time delay
between the moment something is initiated, and
the moment one of its effects begins or becomes
detectable”
Broadband today (3)
Discussion over past several years as Hulu,
Netflix and others changed how we get TV
shows and movies.
Consumers themselves are driving this
"broadband or TV" debate into irrelevance.
They're busy accessing programming on
demand - whether "broadband" or "TV" through a host of devices and services whose
popularity is only going to skyrocket in the
future. These include TiVo, Xbox, Netflix,
Amazon and many others.
Go back and forward a bit
Games
HMD, virtual reality, immersive action
Automotive telematics
Smart car
Now, smart homes and smart cities
E-Health
Wearables
Body monitor and communication
Home Networks
Residential gateway (aka - cable/DSL router)
‘the key device in most home networks’
Wired (server / hub / router) LAN
Wireless (wi-fi / WLAN / 802.11)
Interconnects all computers and other IP
devices
Connects the home network to the
broadband connection
‘Specs’ Technical
specifications or standards
Like all issues – establish technical standards
HPNA -- Home Phoneline Networking Alliance
-- technology, built on Ethernet, allows all
the components of a home network to
interact over the home's existing telephone
wiring without disturbing the existing voice
or fax services
IEEE -- Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers
Proprietary or agreed-upon?
VHS vs. Beta (home)
DVD-R / DVD-RW vs. DVD+R / RW vs.
RAM
SD cards or compact flash cards
HD-DVD vs. BluRay
WMA vs. RealPlayer vs. Quicktime etc.
codecs
HDTV (8-VSB / COFDM)
Home ‘hot spot’ Applications?
Multiple networked computers
Computers share one printer
Integration of phone / cable or
satellite systems / DVR, Slingbox,
Netflix, digital linear channels,
etc. with IP
Security system connections
Automotive telematics
Home ‘hot spot’ Applications?
Control any IP device -- Microsoft has been
working with Whirlpool to allow users to
monitor their laundry with their home
network, computer, TV, and cell phone.
Continuing growth in American homes
operating a wireless network, making the US
the leader in adoption of wireless home
networks.
Wireless security
Wireless ‘cloud’ -- public places
Encryption types
WEP -- Wired Equivalency Privacy
easily hacked -- do a ‘Cracking wi-fi’ or cracking WEP search on YouTube
Wireless Hacking / WEP hacking / Free wi-fi anywhere
WPA -- Wi-Fi Protected Access
128 bit encryption
WPA Personal -- password protected
WPA-Enterprise -- server verified
Evil Twins
Phony hotspots to steal information
What else?
RFID (ubiquitous?)
Smart Home (video) / robotics
Speech recognition
Types: Discrete, continuous & complete
Speech recognition gone awry
Better success demo (click screen when page loads)
Ultra HD video (cinema--replace film projection)
Electronic paper (Kindle, iPad) (e-paper demo)
Wikis
GIGO conundrum?
LA Times experiment
Google docs as collaborative authoring?
Big Data
Big Data is “large pools of data that
can be captured, communicated,
aggregated, stored and analyzed”
Notice the ads on the screen after
you’ve searched for something?
Google is watching you…
How generated?
When you use Facebook, Instagram or
Snapchat, you contribute to datasets
of Big Data.
When you take a picture with your
smart phone, your phone—through all
its sensors to collect and store data—
adds to the pool of stored data, and…
How generated?
…your online actions with this digital
image add to the pool of stored data.
When you add a video to YouTube,
when you do a search on Google,
when your automotive telematics
communicate your location through its
wireless, connected system, and…
How generated?
…when you comment on someone’s
blog, you contribute to the evergrowing pool of Big Data.
Are you concerned about your privacy
or security of your information?
Where is this Big Data stored?
Two options: a company may own its
own hardware—a data center—and do
its own data storage and pay its own
people to maintain the system, or
A company can outsource its data
storage to a third-party provider—
where the server is ‘in the cloud’
Bottom line
The bottom line is that the data stored
and mined by companies have value.
A report by Economist Intelligence Unit
says “Big Data analysis, or the mining
of extremely large data sets to identify
trends and patterns, is fast becoming
standard business practice”
Virtual / Augmented Reality
(RWWW)
Second Life (promo/commercial)
Google Earth and other competitors
Education, Entertainment, etc. in a
‘virtual world’?
Google Glass
Semantic web
Computer speed, power and storage
How to simulate touch, smell, taste
HMD, haptics, immersive environment
Human-computer interface
Thinking machines
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