Transcript Part 1

GSMA ENUM Project Overview
Robindhra Mangtani, Director Interworking and Roaming
12 March 2007
PT 2 TRIS Copenhagen Meeting 22-23
March 2007
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© Copyright of the GSM Association 2007
Copyright GSM Association
Who/What is the GSMA
•
Represents the interests of GSM Operators globally
–
•
GSM, GPRS, EDGE, W-CDMA technologies
Formed primarily of operators. As at Nov 2006:
–
–
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Full Members: 711 operators
Associate Members: 191 manufacturers & suppliers,
Members located in: 215 countries/territories
•
ENUM Group is one of a number of technical
working groups
•
GSMA groups take the output from standards bodies
and facilitate operators agreeing how their networks will
interwork: settings, conventions etc
•
GSMA groups create PRDs (Permanent Reference
Documents) describing rules, guidelines and options for
all aspects of Interworking
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GSMA Plans for ENUM
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What is ENUM
•
A database, or series of databases, that returns a URI associated with a
telephone number
•
Enables operators to offer subscribers the ability to send e-mails, MMS or
initiate Personal IM sessions with other mobile or landline users, even though
the caller only knows the telephone number of the receiving party (rather than
e-mail address or Personal IM username)
•
ENUM converts phone numbers into email-like addresses +447777123456 to
[email protected]
•
Need ENUM for IP services where the customer/terminal needs to use a
phone number but the underlying network only understands email-like
addresses for routing.
Example services: instant messaging, video
•
•
Technically
– E.164 telephone number (MSISDN) Number Mapping (to
IP address URI )
– Utilising Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard, and
– Domain Name Service (DNS) software for address query and resolution
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GSMA Plans for ENUM
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ENUM Model
• GSM community is proposing an optional "On-Net"
business model for use by any organisation, not just
mobile operators
• Operators can choose whether to use the "On-Net"
model or "Off-net" model, or bi-lateral direct connections
or any combination of these
• "On-Net" Model uses the IPX (IP Interworking Exchange)
which builds on the existing GRX IP network. The GRX is
today used primarily for GPRS & 3G roaming.
• The name "IPX" may change in future
• Carrier ENUM is built for use by "On-Net" operators only
• IPX & ENUM described here are "work in progress"
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GSMA Plans for ENUM
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GSMA Service Framework
Carrier ENUM
(e164enum.net)
"Single
root" ENUM
System
Fixed line
Subscribers
ENUM
Service Providers
“On-Net” Services
IPX (Managed)
with Carrier ENUM available
Public
Telecomms
Networks
Mobile
Subscribers
Service Level Inter-working:
- End-to-End service control
- Managed access (3rd party)
- Service level (value) accounting
- Calling Party Pays
Third
Party
Subscriber
V-o-IP
Subscribers
Third Party
Provider
Corporate
Network
Public
Telecomms
Networks
Fixed
Network
Direct IP Connection(s)
Mobile
Subscribers
Fixed line
Subscribers
V-o-IP
Subscribers
“Off-Net” Services
Internet
Network Level Inter-working:
- Best effort, “Bit pipe” transport
- No effective access control
- Network level accounting (time/volume)
- Mobile Party Pays
Copyright GSM Association
Third Party
Provider
Corporate
Network
GSMA Plans for ENUM
Fixed
Network
Direct Connection:
- Operators free to choose
whichever model they wish
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Carrier ENUM Details
•
•
•
•
•
"Single Root" Carrier ENUM available in IPX network
For use by "On-Net" operators only
Single private domain
Not connected to Internet DNS
e164enum.net domain for ENUM information
– i.e. not using e164.arpa for ENUM
• Intended to be available for global use by any operator,
mobile or fixed, who wishes to connect
• Will be primarily used by IMS and MMS services
• Documented in IR.67 DNS Guidelines
– Updated unrestricted version available soon on GSMA public
web site: http://www.gsmworld.com/
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GSMA Plans for ENUM
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Benefits of Proposed Approach
• Highest performance and quality of customer
calls/services possible due to end-to-end management
• Increases range of services available to customer for
them to choose
• Better security for decreasing the risk of spam, Denialof-Service attacks, identity fraud etc
• Minimised privacy concerns about numbering and
related data because IPX is private and not accessible
by end users
• Excellent global reach: Carrier ENUM will have large
quantity of numbers available, particularly mobile
numbers as operators opt into the system (over 2.2 billion
GSM customers today)
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GSMA Plans for ENUM
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Number Portability and ENUM
• ENUM Number administration is an area of significant
interest and concern
• Today approximately 40 countries/jurisdictions operate
number portability
• Majority of countries have central organisations that
operate a Number Portability (NP) database
• Some countries operate a "distributed" NP model without
a central organisation
• ENUM can work with either model (central/distributed)
• Some jurisdictions/countries may:
– choose to apply charges for ENUM queries
– require competition between multiple ENUM providers
• Competition impacts the DNS model
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GSMA Plans for ENUM
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Traditional DNS Hierarchy for ENUM
"Single Root" Model
One Master Root (Tier 0)
Master Root
Server (Tier 0)
Secondary Root
Server (Tier 0)
DNS Server (Tier 1)
Multiple
Secondary Roots
(Tier 0) per
network
Secondary Root
Server (Tier 0)
DNS Server (Tier 1)
Secondary Root
Server (Tier 0)
DNS Server (Tier 1)
DNS Server (Tier 1)
(Tier 1) Master &
Slaves typically
per country
DNS Server (Tier 1)
(Tier 2) Master &
Slaves typically
per operator or
centralised and
shared
DNS (Tier 2)
DNS (Tier 2)
DNS (Tier 2)
DNS (Tier 2)
DNS (Tier 2)
DNS (Tier 2)
DNS (Tier 2)
DNS (Tier 2)
DNS (Tier 2)
DNS (Tier 2)
DNS (Tier 2)
DNS (Tier 2)
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GSMA Plans for ENUM
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Carrier ENUM Database
• ENUM descriptions often include an "ENUM Database"
which is built using DNS structures
• But: existing Number Portability databases in 30+
countries represent a huge investment - must be kept
• The "ENUM Database" is expected in practice to be the
existing (or upgraded) Number Portability database with
an ENUM query interface added
New Numbers and
C7 query
Operator A
SIP
Server
Operator B
"ports" between
operators
C7
server
Traditional
Switch
Numbering
query
ENUM
server
ENUM
query
Numbering
query
"Number
Portability"
database
Authoritative
Numbering
Data
Updates
Numbering
Update
Processes
"ENUM
Database"
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GSMA Plans for ENUM
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"Single-root" Carrier ENUM
The root data is normally
stored in a database and
the DNS datafill generated
when the DNS is updated
Shows possible examples
of the DNS hierarchy
which will vary by country
/ jurisdiction
Master
Root Database
Master Root
Server (Tier 0)
IPX
Network
Slave Root
Server (Tier 0)
Country X
Country Y
Central Authority
Master
Number
Data
Slave Root
Server (Tier 0)
Slave Root
Server (Tier 0)
Central Authority
Master
Number
Data
ENUM Server (Tier 1
Country Z
Master
Number
Data
ENUM Server (Tier 1)
and Tier 2)
ENUM Server
(Tier 1
Mobile
Operator
Mobile
Operator
Fixed
Operator
Copyright GSM Association
and Tier 2)
ENUM (Tier 2)
Master
Number
Data
Mobile
Operator
GSMA Plans for ENUM
ENUM (Tier 2)
Fixed
Operator
Master
Number
Data
Mobile
Operator
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Centralised resources
• The design of Carrier ENUM requires some kind of
central resource in each country/jurisdiction:
– Either: the whole number database (central model)
– Or: pointers to sections of the number database (distributed
model)
• Some countries may choose to offer a centralised
ENUM service to all operators
• Some countries may offer ENUM service only via a
third party "ENUM Service Provider"
• Some countries/jurisdictions may require ENUM service
is offered via competing "ENUM Service Providers"
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GSMA Plans for ENUM
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Possible ENUM Business Models
(Major ENUM Query options in a country/jurisdiction, not a complete list)
Centrally-run
ENUM
Database
Operator 1
ENUM Server
(Tier 1
and Tier 2)
Operator 2
Local Copy of data
and ENUM
interface
Distributed
ENUM
Database
Competing
third party
ENUM
Service
Providers
Copyright GSM Association
ENUM Server
(Tier 1
and Tier 2)
Numbering
Data Copy
Operator 1
Operator 2
ENUM Server
(Tier 1
and Tier 2)
Authoritative
Numbering
Data
Authoritative
Numbering
Data
Numbering
Data Copy
Authoritative
Numbering
Data
Shared Central Authority
Copy
Data
ENUM (Tier 2)
ENUM Server (Tier 1)
ENUM Server
(Tier 1
and Tier 2)
ENUM Service (Local Copy)
Provider 1 Numbering
Data Copy
Operator 2
(Local Copy)
ENUM Server
(Tier 1
and Tier 2)
Authoritative
Tier 1
Data
Shared Central Authority
ENUM (Tier 2)
Operator 1
Operator 3
Enum
Query
Copy
Data
(Local Copy)
Operator 2
Authoritative
Numbering
Data
Shared Central Authority
(Local Copy)
Operator 1
Numbering
Query
ENUM Service
Provider 2
GSMA Plans for ENUM
Numbering
Data Copy
Authoritative
Numbering
Data
Shared Central
Authority
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Competition - ENUM Impact
• Problem: Requirement for competing Service
Providers is incompatible with traditional DNS model
• "Single root" DNS Model is simple but permits only one
ENUM provider in every country
– If there is competition "Single root" favours one provider
– Favouring is unacceptable, so "Single root" model cannot be
used in this case for locating ENUM data
• Solution: Where a country has multiple ENUM Service
Providers anyone making an ENUM query to that
country must make a specific choice of ENUM provider
– Sometimes called the "no root" model
• "Single root" may be used to locate ENUM data in other
countries that have only one source of ENUM data
Copyright GSM Association
GSMA Plans for ENUM
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ENUM Query models - Competition
Use of competing ENUM Service providers in Country Q
In this model there are competing ENUM
providers in Country Q. Because there are
multiple sources of ENUM data there can be no
link into the central root because if there was,
one ENUM Provider would be favoured. An
Operator needing ENUM data from Country Q
must make their own choice of ENUM provider
Global "Single Root"
Carrier DNS+ENUM
"Default" choice of
ENUM server
Country Z - linked into
Root
Database
Root Server
(Tier 0)
Single root
ENUM Server
(Tier 1
and Tier 2)
Number
Database
Specific choice
of ENUM Provider
(can use DNS
Forward to achieve
this)
ENUM Service
Provider 1
ENUM Server
(Tier 1
and Tier 2)
Central
Database
ENUM Service
Provider 2
Central
Authority
ENUM Server
(Tier 1
and Tier 2)
Country Q ("No Root"
This operator
uses ENUM
SP 2 for all
their ENUM
lookups
Mobile
Operator
- not linked into Single root)
DNS
Mobile Queries
Operator
DNS Server (Tier
1 and Tier 2)
Country X - linked into Single root
Query to "No Root"
The DNS's are all configured to work in iterative
mode only which means that the DNS making the
query has to do all the querying itself.
Copyright GSM Association
Central
Authority
Query via Single Root
GSMA Plans for ENUM
DNS Hierarchy
Database Interface
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ENUM Charging Principles
•
•
•
The cost of running the ENUM system in each
country/jurisdiction will need to be recovered
somehow
ENUM charging principles could follow one of the
examples below (or could be a combination)
This is an area for further study
Example Who Pays
Copyright GSM Association
Basis of Charge
1.
Calling network (or
their agent)
Per ENUM Query
2.
Calling network (or
their agent)
"Unlimited queries"
e.g. annual charge.
3.
Receiving network
Per call charge.
4.
Receiving network
"Unlimited queries"
e.g. annual charge.
GSMA Plans for ENUM
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Summary
• GSMA proposes an "On-Net" business model for any
organisation to use, not just mobile operators.
• Operators can use this model, or Internet, or direct
connections, or any combination of these.
• "On-Net" business model promotes competition and
increases choice of services available to customers
• Facilitates national and international interworking for
IMS & MMS services today and others in future
• Protects customers from spamming and identity fraud
• e164enum.net domain will be used for Carrier ENUM
• Countries may operate with or without competing
ENUM SPs and these approaches can interwork
• This work is "in progress", not complete.
Copyright GSM Association
GSMA Plans for ENUM
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