Transcript Mobile Data Costs - SEARCH | The National Consortium for Justice

Law Enforcement Information Technology:
Mobile Data & Laptops
2004 COPS Technical Assistance Conference
Dallas, TX
November 9, 2004
Mobile Data Workshop.ppt
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Agenda
• Introductions
• Workshop Objectives
• Core Technology Components
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Wireless Infrastructure
Mobile Data Software
Mobile Data Devices
• Mobile Data Costs
• Successful Case Studies
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
Captain Woody Sandy, North Carolina Highway Patrol
Deputy Chief Ron Glensor, Reno Police Department
• Issues and Challenges
• Discussion and Questions
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Introductions
Ron Glensor
Brian Hudson
Woody Sandy
Assistant Chief
Vice President
Captain
Reno Police Department
Thayer Consulting
North Carolina
Highway Patrol
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Workshop Objectives
• Develop a common understanding of mobile data technology terms
• Improve understanding of current technologies being used and
considered by conference attendees
• Identify technology alternatives for potential short and long term
improvements
• Familiarize and demystify mobile data technology
• Share best practices on core mobile data technology planning issues
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Core Technology
Components
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Background
•
Mobile data is the transmission and receipt of information using radio frequency
signals
•
Several types of users are supported by wireless technologies
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Mobile/portable users
Remote users
Telecommuters
Benefits include:
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Immediate access to critical information
Field personnel safety and empowerment
Reductions in voice radio traffic
Increased time in the community on patrol
Remote interactive access to business applications
 Work order processing
 Maintenance Management and Inventory
 Project Management
 GIS
 Office automation (email, etc.)
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Wireless Infrastructure
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Key Considerations
Cost
Grade of
Service
Application
Requirements
Coordination
And
Partnerships
Migration
Path
POTENTIAL
NEEDS
Coverage
Funding
Interference
Interoperability
Security
Standards
And
Technology
Network
Management
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Mobile Data Networks
• Agency-Owned Networks
• Telco Networks
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iDEN
CDPD
GPRS
EDGE
CDMA 1xRTT
• Other Mobile Data Technologies
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Agency-Owned Networks
• Private radio networks owned by agencies
• Limited data speeds currently available
• Often able to re-use key components of voice infrastructures
• Packet switched, message based technologies
• Dedicated access for users
• Can be conventional or trunked technology
• Wide-area coverage system providers include Dataradio, EF
Johnson, M/A-COM and Motorola
• High-speed data applications will require agencies to secure
spectrum in the 700 MHz and 4.9 GHz bands
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Agency-Owned Networks
Advantages
Disadvantages
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Optimizes existing infrastructure
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Requires radio frequencies
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Agency control
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Dedicated use
Additional administration and
maintenance responsibilities
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Potentially lower recurring costs
•
Moderate data rates
•
Can provide coverage where
needed (everywhere)
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Requires fixed infrastructure
throughout entire coverage area
•
Capitalizing on technology
advances can be costly
•
High initial costs
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Telco Networks
• No agency frequencies required
• Minimal up-front costs
• Lower hardware and software costs
• Higher monthly recurring costs
• Migration paths more feasible and economical
• No site development required
• Ability to provide for wide area roaming
• Most providers to not offer priority access for public safety users
• Maintenance and service not the responsibility of the agency
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Telco Networks - iDEN (Nextel)
• Integrated Digital Enhanced Network
• Motorola packet-switched technology
• Throughput of 14.4 Kbps
• No migration path decisions made to date
• Nextel has submitted consensus plan to FCC for refarming 800 MHz
spectrum
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Telco Networks - Cellular Digital Packet
Data (CDPD)
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First commercial service widely adopted by public safety agencies
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Utilized for traditional mobile data applications
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Dispatch, status and vehicle-to-vehicle messaging
Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL)
Database inquiries
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Maximum throughput of 19.2 Kbps – actual speeds typically 10-14 Kbps
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Service is available in most metropolitan areas
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Two major carriers offering national CDPD service plan to discontinue the
service:
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Verizon: Announced that CDPD service will end in 2005
AT&T Wireless (Cingular): Announced that CDPD service will end in June 2004.
Recently retracted this statement; however, they still plan to shut down the
network in the near future.
Not a viable alternative due to coming obsolescence
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Telco Networks - GPRS
• General Packet Radio Services
• Most widely deployed wireless technology worldwide
• Maximum throughput of 115 Kbps – actual speeds typically 30-50
Kbps
• Security concerns due to dynamic IP addressing
• Major carriers include AT&T/Cingular and T-Mobile
• Part of GSM migration path to faster data speeds that will minimize
technology replacement costs for agencies
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Telco Networks - EDGE
• Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution
• Backward compatible with GPRS; only modem replacement required
• Maximum throughput of 384 Kbps – actual speeds typically 80-128
Kbps
• Successor to GPRS
• Rollouts to begin in 2004
• Migration path leads to UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System) – throughput of 2 Mbps
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Telco Networks - CDMA 1xRTT
• Code Division Multiple Access – Single Carrier Radio Transmission
Technology
• Digital spread spectrum technology – efficiently uses spectrum
• Competing technology to GPRS and EDGE
• Major carriers include Verizon and Sprint
• Maximum throughput of 144 Kbps – actual speeds typically 40-60
Kbps
• Migration path leads to CDMA 2000 – up to 2.4 Mbps in throughput
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Other Mobile Data Technologies
• Wireless Local Area Networks (Cisco, 3COM, Alvarion, Intermec,
Nortel, Proxim, Symbol, etc.)
• Mesh Networks (Tropos, Mesh Networks, 5G, Alvarion, Cisco,
Lockheed Martin, Proxim, Vivato, etc.)
• Satellite (Motient, Globalstar, Iridium, Teledesic, etc.)
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Wireless Local Area Networks
• Quickly becoming integrated into wireless infrastructures throughout
North America
• Relatively inexpensive off-the-shelf technologies
• Able to carry data at speeds up to 11 Mbps
• Operate in unlicensed frequency bands above 2 GHz – security
issues can be a concern
• Used for short-range communications (100 to 500 feet)
• Not intended for mobile vehicles seeking seamless coverage across
a wide area
• Commonly deployed by placing Wireless Access Points (WAP) at
locations where mobile data users operate (major routes, stations,
service shops, etc.)
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Mesh Networks
• RF packet technology (802.11x)
• Large number of low power repeaters
• Wider scale than traditional wireless LANS
• Transmission across very wide bandwidth
• Wireless repeaters distribute traffic throughout network
• Wired Access Points (WAP) connect network to internet
• Up to 500 Kbps
• Good for metropolitan areas
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Mesh Networks
.5 to
2 mi.
WAP
WAP
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Geosynchronous Earth Orbit Satellite
• Orbit the earth at 22,300 miles
• Rotates with the earth
• Provide ubiquitous coverage
• Propagation delays experienced
• Service has focused on video (DirecTV, Dish Network), broadcasting
and long-hall transportation
• Mobile data rates are low speed 4.8 to 9.6 Kbps
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Low Earth Orbit Satellite
• Orbit the earth at 300 to 900 Miles
• Require “ring” of orbiting satellites to provide continuous coverage
• Ubiquitous coverage
• Low data rates of 2.4 – 9.6 Kbps
• Iridium experienced significant financial problems, rescued by US
government
• Initial promise has not emerged as originally hoped (Teledesic, etc.)
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Satellites
Globalstar
Teledesic
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Mobile Data Software
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Mobile Data Software
• Mobile data software is best thought of as an extension of an
existing desktop application (i.e., CAD)
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Selecting a provider can be simple if an existing vendor offers a mobile
component that meets an agency’s needs
Decision becomes more difficult if the vendor does not offer a mobile
component and integration or if total replacement is necessary
• Network considerations
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Is the software network capable and wireless friendly?
What are the minimum bandwidth requirements?
How will the software react to a loss of network connection?
• Software functionality
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Important to confirm and test all required functionality
Mobile clients are often streamlined versions of the network clients
with less functionality
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Mobile Data Software Functions
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Dispatch Messaging
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Automated Field Reporting
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Status Messaging
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Mapping
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Vehicle-to-Vehicle Messaging
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Automatic Vehicle Location
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Administrative Messaging
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Magnetic Stripe Reading
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Local, State and National Inquiries
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Fingerprint Scanning
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Citation Issuance
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Office Automation
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Accident Reporting
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Internet Access
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Key Considerations
Criteria
Reliability
Functionality
Ease of Use
Definition
Uptime
Ability to support agency-defined functional requirements
Ease of use for end users
Ability of agency personnl to modify software without vendor
Flexibility
involvement
Timeliness and quality of vendor support services, including
Vendor Support
installation, training, maintenance, and troubleshooting
Ability to upgrade software or support new technologies without
Upgrade Path
replacing systems
Compatability with industry standards; ability to support software from
Open Architecture
other suppliers
Cost
One time and recurring
System Management Level of effort required to administer and maintain software
Ability to support existing agency hardware, software and
Compatability
communication networks without requiring major modifications to
existing environment
Vendor Viability
Likelihood vendor will be in business for lifecycle of software
Implementation
Extent of time and effort required to implement the particular software
Standardization
Degree to which the alternative supports agency-wide standards
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Automated Field Reporting
Basic word
processing
Officer prints out
paper copy of report
Hard copies are
distributed, reviewed
and used for data
entry in Records
Stage 1 - Word Processing
CAD data populates
the report form
CAD data populates
the report form
Officer edits report
Officer edits report
Officer prints out
paper copies of
report
Hard copies are
distributed, reviewed
and used for data
entry in Records
Stage 2 - Field-Based Editing
Information
transmitted via disk,
CD, memory stick or
wirelessly
Online routing,
review and approval
Seamless transfer to
RMS – no rekeying
Stage 3 - Paperless
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Things to Remember
• Mobile data software is comprised of multiple layers:
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Client
Server
Interfaces
• Managing integration of the various layers is central to a
project’s success
• Several mobile data software applications are proven today:
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Dispatching
Messaging
Queries
AVL
 Communications center monitors unit location
 Recommend units to dispatch based on closest unit
 Able to send help to last location of vehicle
 Field units and Watch Commanders able to monitor unit location
Field Reporting
 True paperless completion and approval of field reports is still in Mobile Data Workshop.ppt
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developmental stages
Things to Remember
• Mobile data software can be purchased in multiple ways:
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Stand-alone
As part of an overall CAD/RMS solution
As part of overall mobile data infrastructure solution
• Failure to match mobile application needs to mobile infrastructure
needs often leads to project failures
• Critical policy decisions to make include:
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Voiceless dispatching
Handling of signatures
Assignment of MDCs to officers versus vehicles
PDAs
Mandatory versus voluntary use for reporting
• Ongoing user and system administrator training is critical to
successful implementation
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Things to Remember
• Data integrity is critical to success
• Maintenance
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SLAs
Vendor support
Separate maintenance contracts
Software versus solution support
Upgrades
• Policies and procedures must be addressed before the rollout of
mobile data software
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Signatures
Approvals
Routing
Change from paper
Computers DON’T solve all problems
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Mobile Data Devices
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Devices
• Laptops
• “Dumb” terminals
• Tablets
• Handheld (Palm, iPAQ, Visor, etc.)
• Pagers (two-way alpha numeric)
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Peripherals
• Magnetic stripe readers
• Bar code readers
• Digital cameras
• Scanning devices
• In-vehicle portable printers
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Key Considerations
Criteria
Open Systems
Definition
Serial ports, PCMCIA card slots, USB ports
MIL-STD-810F specifications, ability to withstand harsh, vehicular, law
Military Specifications
enforcement environment
MDC and CPU mounting packages must be complete packaged units
Mounting
(vibration-limited, accommodate airbags, swivel mounted, etc.)
Windows-like operating system, touch screen, large buttons, userFunctionality
friendly features
DC power supply for CPU, MDC must not drain vehicle battery,
Power Management independent power switches for CPU and video display, MDC should
be operable when vehicle is not running
System should provide interfaces for driver license readers and
Peripheral Interfaces
fingerprint scanners
Size, pixel resolution, NIT brightness factor, independent power,
Display
mounting, airbag requirements
QWERTY layout, backlighting for keys, industry standards, size, fell,
Keyboard
spill-resistant, etc.
Location Devices
Ability to support GPS receiver in support of AVL
Cost
One-time and recurring costs
Vendor Support and Maintenance agreements, resource dedication for technical support,
Lifecycle
coordination with solution integrators
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Things to Remember
• Devices are the most interchangeable component of the overall
mobile data solution
• Agencies should pay great attention to user input when selecting
mobile data devices
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Involve fleet operations in planning and selection
User acceptance can make or break an entire project
• Ergonomics are critical
• Mobile data printers are prone to problems
• Applications should drive mobile data purchases
• Identify life cycle costs – leasing is a growing trend
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Budget for replacement costs every 3-5 years
• Strongly consider pilots when conducting evaluations
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Mobile Data Costs
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Mobile Data Cost Components
• Infrastructure
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RF infrastructure
 Towers
 Interconnectivity
 Shelters
 Base stations
 Others
Network access charges
 Fixed rate versus per megabyte pricing
• Software
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MDS application
AFR application
Third-party communications (network, IP, security)
Application interfaces
Upgraded connections (i.e., frame relay to 128 Kbps)
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Mobile Data Cost Components
• Hardware
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MDC unit
Peripherals
Modems
Antennas
Internal cabling
Replacement batteries
• Services
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Hardware and software warranties
Maintenance
Integration
Installation
Project management
• Refresh costs for all components
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Successful Case Studies
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Successful Case Studies
• Captain Woody Sandy, North Carolina Highway Patrol
• Deputy Chief Ron Glensor, Reno Police Department
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Issues and Challenges
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Issues and Challenges
Many of you received funding to purchase MDTs/MDCs in your police
vehicles. Few agencies anticipated or planned for all the issues related
to installing this new technology.
List all of the issues that should/must be addressed before
implementation can be successful:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Questions?
Asst. Chief Ron Glensor
[email protected]
(775) 334-3860
Captain Woody Sandy
[email protected]
(919) 662-4440
Brian Hudson
[email protected]
(213) 247-2243
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