Transcript Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Information Systems
Chapter 7
The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Use and Functioning of the Internet
• Internet: ?
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Use and Functioning of the Internet
• Internet: a collection of interconnected networks,
all freely exchanging information
• ARPANET
– Ancestor of the Internet
– Project started by the U.S. Department of Defense
(DoD) in 1969
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Use and Functioning of the Internet
(continued)
Table 7.1: A Brief History of the Internet
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Use and Functioning of the Internet
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How the Internet Works
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
– Transport-layer protocol that most Internet
applications use with IP
• Backbone
– One of the Internet’s high-speed, long-distance
communications links
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
– An assigned address on the Internet for each
computer
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How the Internet Works (continued)
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN)
– Responsible for managing IP addresses and Internet
domain names
– Has authority to resolve domain name disputes
• Cyber-squatters
– Register domain names in the hope of selling them
to corporations or people
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How the Internet Works (continued)
•
•
•
•
•
Accessing the Internet
Connect via LAN Server
Connect via Dial-up
Connect via High-Speed Service
Connect Wirelessly
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How the Internet Works (continued)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Internet Service Providers
• Any company that provides individuals or
organizations with access to the Internet
• Most charge a monthly fee
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Internet Service Providers (continued)
Table 7.4: Approximate Times to Perform Basic Tasks with Various
Internet Connections
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The World Wide Web
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The World Wide Web
• Collection of tens of millions of server computers
that work together as one in an Internet
• Hyperlink
– Highlighted text or graphics in a Web document that,
when clicked, opens a new Web page
• Web browser
– Web client software such as Internet Explorer,
Firefox, and Safari used to view Web pages
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The World Wide Web
• The World Wide Web was
developed by Tim Berners-Lee
at CERN, The European
Organization for Neuclear
Research in Geneva
[Center Europeane pour la
Recherche Nucleaire]
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The World Wide Web (continued)
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
– Standard page description language for Web pages
• HTML tags
– Let the browser know how to format text
• Extensible Markup Language (XML)
– Markup language for Web documents containing
structured information
• Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)
– File or portion of an HTML file that defines the visual
appearance of content in a Web page
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The World Wide Web (continued)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
The World Wide Web (continued)
Web
Documents
index.html
HTML
Documents/
Linked Files
http://www.buu.ac.th/index.html
REQUEST
HTTP
The Internet
HTTP
HTTPD
Client
Web Browser
Web Page
Home Page
HTML
Document
index.html
Web Server
Web Site
Web 2.0 and the Social Web
• Web 2.0
– The Web as a computing platform that supports
software applications and the sharing of information
• Rich Internet application
– Software that has the functionality and complexity of
traditional application software, but runs in a Web
browser and does not require local installation
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Web Programming Languages
• Java
– Object-oriented programming language from Sun
Microsystems based on C++
– Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded
within an HTML document
• Other languages
– Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)
– Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)
– Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight
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Developing Web Content
• Popular tools for creating Web pages and
managing Web sites:
– Adobe Dreamweaver, Microsoft Expression Web,
and Nvu
• Popular publishing options:
– ISPs, free sites, and Web hosting
• Mash-up
– Process of mixing two or more hip-hop songs into
one song
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Web Services
• Standards and tools that streamline and simplify
communication among Web sites
• XML
– The key to Web services
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Web Services (continued)
• Other components used in Web service
applications:
– SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
– WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
– UDDI (Universal Discovery Description and
Integration)
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Internet and Web Applications
• Search engines and Web research
– Search engines
• Have become important to businesses as a tool to
drive visitors to the business’ Web site
– SEO has become a valuable marketing tool
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Search Engines and Web Research
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Search Engines and Web Research
(continued)
Table 7.6 Popular Search Engines
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Business Uses of the Web
• Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) Association
– Established in 1991
– Allows businesses to connect to the Internet
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E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video
Chat
• E-mail
– No longer limited to simple text messages
– Can embed sound and images
– Can attach files
• Instant messaging
– Online, real-time communication between two or
more people who are connected to the Internet
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E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video
Chat (continued)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Career Information and Job Searching
• Search engines
– Good starting point for searching for specific
companies or industries
• Job sites
–
–
–
–
www.directmarketingcareers.com
www.monster.com
www.hotjobs.com
www.careerbuilder.com
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Telnet, SSH, and FTP
• Telnet
– Network protocol that enables users to log on to
networks remotely over the Internet
• Secure Shell (SSH)
– Provides Telnet functionality through a more secure
connection
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
– Supports file transfers between a host and a remote
computer
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SSH Secure Shell File Transfer
Upload
Download
Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and
Podcasting
• Web log (blog)
– Web site that people create and use to write about
their observations, experiences, and feelings on a
wide range of topics
• Podcast
– Audio broadcast over the Internet
– An audio blog
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Usenet and Newsgroups
• Usenet
– Uses e-mail to provide a centralized news service
– Topic are called newsgroups
– Protocol that describes how groups of messages
can be stored on and sent between computers
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Usenet and Newsgroups (continued)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Chat Rooms
• Enable two or more people to engage in interactive
“conversations” over the Internet
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
– Requires participants to type their conversation
rather than speak
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Internet Phone and Videoconferencing
Services
• Internet phone service
– Relatively inexpensive, especially for international
calls
• Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology
– Network managers can route phone calls and fax
transmissions over the same network they use for
data
• Internet videoconferencing
– Supports both voice and visual communications
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Social Networks
• Facebook
– Provides an application development platform so
that technically proficient members can create
applications to run within Facebook
• The U.S. intelligence community
– Is adopting social networking to share information
among operatives and analysts
• Twitter
– Allows members to report on what they are doing
throughout the day
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Media Sharing
• YouTube
– Allows members to post homemade video content
• Flickr
– Allows members to upload photos to their own
personal online photo album and choose photos to
share with the community
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Social Bookmarking
• Purpose
– To provide a view of the most popular Web sites,
videos, blog articles, or other Web content at any
given moment
• Popular social bookmarking sites
– del.icio.us
– Digg
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Content Streaming
• Method for transferring multimedia files, radio
broadcasts, and other content over the Internet
• Enables users to browse large files in real time
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Shopping on the Web
• Amazon Shorts
– Has stories that vary in length from 2,000 to 10,000
words
• Bot (intelligent agent)
– Software tool that searches the Web for information,
products, or prices
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Web Auctions
• Web auction
– A way to connect buyers and sellers
• eBay
– Popular auction site
– Easy to use and includes thousands of products and
services in many categories
• Auction sites
– Cannot always determine whether the people and
companies listing products and services are
legitimate
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Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the
Internet
• Radio broadcasts are now available on the Internet
• Video and TV are also becoming available
• Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) protocol
– Used to put TV programming on the Internet
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E-Books and Audio Books
• Digital books, both in text and audio form
– Are growing in popularity thanks to appealing
devices and services
• Audio books
– Have become more popular due to the popularity of
the iPod and services like audible.com
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Office on the Web
• Internet office
– Web site that contains files, phone numbers, e-mail
addresses, an appointment calendar, and more
– Allows your desktop computer, phone books,
appointment schedulers, and other important
information to be with you wherever you are
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Other Internet Services and
Applications
• Internet
– Can provide critical information during times of
disaster
– Can be used to translate words, sentences, or
complete documents from one language into another
– Facilitates distance learning, which has dramatically
increased in the last several years
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Intranets and Extranets
• Intranet
– Internal corporate network built using Internet and
World Wide Web standards and technologies
• Extranet
– Network that links selected resources of the intranet
of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other
business partners
• Virtual private network (VPN)
– Secure connection between two points on the
Internet
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Intranets and Extranets (continued)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Net Issues
• Management issues
– Preventing attacks
• Service and speed issues
– Keeping up with Internet traffic and traffic on
company intranets
• Privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized Internet
sites
– People and companies are reluctant to embrace the
Internet unless these issues are successfully
addressed
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Summary
• The Internet started with ARPANET
• Internet Protocol (IP)
– The set of conventions used to pass packets from
one host to another
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
– Other protocol used with IP
• The Web
– Collection of tens of millions of servers that work
together as one in an Internet service
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Summary (continued)
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
– Standard page description language for Web pages
• Internet and Web applications include:
– Web browsers, e-mail, Telnet, FTP, Web logs (blogs),
podcasts, Usenet and newsgroups, chat rooms
• Telnet and SSH
– Enable you to log on to remote computers
• Online social networks
– Provide Web-based tools for users to share
information about themselves with others
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Summary (continued)
• Intranet
– Internal corporate network built using Internet and
World Wide Web standards and products
• Extranet
– Network that links selected resources of the intranet
of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other
business partners
• Management issues, service, and speed affect all
networks
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• The Internet is like many other technologies—it
provides a wide range of services, some of which
are effective and practical for use today, others that
are still evolving, and still others that will fade away
from lack of use
– Briefly describe how the Internet works, including
alternatives for connecting to it and the role of
Internet service providers
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Principles and Learning Objectives
(continued)
• Originally developed as a document-management
system, the World Wide Web is a hyperlink-based
system that is easy to use for personal and
business applications
– Describe the World Wide Web and how it works
– Explain the use of Web browsers, search engines,
and other Web tools
– Identify and briefly describe the applications
associated with the Internet and the Web
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Principles and Learning Objectives
(continued)
• Because use of the Internet and World Wide Web is
becoming universal in the business environment,
management, service and speed, privacy, and
security issues must continually be addressed and
resolved
– Identify who is using the Web to conduct business
and discuss some of the pros and cons of Web
commerce
– Outline a process for creating Web content
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Principles and Learning Objectives
(continued)
– Describe Java and discuss its potential impact on
the software world
– Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss
how organizations are using them
– Identify several issues associated with the use of
networks
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Review question #7
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