Transcript MOAC271_Ins_Chap10

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Chapter 10
NETWORK
PROTOCOLS AND
SERVICES
Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services
NETWORK PROTOCOLS AND SERVICES

Identify how computers on TCP/IP
networks communicate

Explain how IP addresses and subnetting
work

Explain how name resolution works, and
identify the primary name resolution
mechanisms that are used on Microsoft
Windows networks
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NETWORK PROTOCOLS AND SERVICES
(CONTINUED)

Troubleshoot networking problems caused
by cable connections, network adapters,
modems, TCP/IP configuration, or name
resolution settings.

Configure and troubleshoot Internet
Connection Firewall

Configure Remote Assistance and Remote
Desktop
Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services
TCP/IP CONFIGURABLE OPTIONS
 IP address (mandatory)
 Subnet mask (mandatory)
 Default gateway (optional)
 DNS configuration (optional)
 WINS configuration (optional)
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IP ADDRESS CLASSES
 Class A addresses
 Class B addresses
 Class C addresses
 Class D addresses
 Class E addresses
 Loopback addresses
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IP ADDRESS VALIDITY
 The first byte of the IP address must fall
within the following ranges:
 1 through 126
 128 through 191
 192 through 223
 IP addresses that begin with 0, 127, or 224
through 255 are invalid
 The host ID cannot be all binary 0s or 1s
 No number in an IP address can be greater
than 255
Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services
CHOOSING AN IP ADDRESSING SCHEME
 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255
 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255
 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255
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SUBNET MASKS
 Class A: 255.0.0.0
 Class B: 255.255.0.0
 Class C: 255.255.255.0
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DEFAULT GATEWAY
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DNS
 Name resolution for TCP/IP clients
 Service resolution
 Resolve TCP/IP host names and FQDNs to
IP addresses
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TCP/IP HOSTS FILE
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Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services
NetBIOS
 NetBIOS Enhanced User Interface
(NetBEUI) is a fast, efficient protocol,
suitable for use on small networks.
 Not used very much anymore
 Will have to enable a WINS server or use
the LMHOSTS file
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WINS
 In multiple-network environments, a WINS
server can be used to maintain a database
of NetBIOS name-to-IP address mappings,
similar to a DNS server maintaining a
database of host name-to-IP address
mappings
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LMHOSTS FILE
 The Lmhosts file is a simple text file that
contains IP addresses followed by the name
of the host, similar to a TCP/IP hosts file.
The Lmhosts file is stored in the
System_root\System32\Drivers\Etc folder.
Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services
CONFIGURING LAN AND HIGH-SPEED
INTERNET CONNECTIONS
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ADDING A NETWORK COMPONENT
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RENAMING, DISABLING, AND DELETING A
LOCAL AREA CONNECTION
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CONFIGURING TCP/IP
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ALTERNATE TCP/IP CONFIGURATION BY USERCONFIGURED SETTINGS
Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services
MANUAL CONFIGURATION OF TCP/IP
PROPERTIES
 Automatic configuration of TCP/IP
properties is convenient, but there will be
situations where you will want the control
that is afforded by manual configuration
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GENERAL NETWORK TROUBLESHOOTING
 What isn’t working?
 What is working?
 Did whatever isn’t working ever work?
 Does it work intermittently or not at all?
 Has anything changed since the last time it
worked?
 Is there a relationship between things that
are working and things that are not?
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TROUBLESHOOTING TCP/IP
 Are the computers involved physically
connected to the network?
 Does Event Viewer report any warnings or
errors?
 Are TCP/IP parameters configured
correctly?
 Is the computer receiving an address from
the DHCP server?
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TROUBLESHOOTING TCP/IP (CONTINUED)
 Can the computer establish basic
connectivity using the Ping command?
 Is there a DNS or NetBIOS name-resolution
problem?
 Are the default gateway and additional
routes configured in the local routing table?
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TROUBLESHOOTING PHYSICAL CONNECTIVITY
 Check the properties of the network adapter
 Make sure that the network cable is
connected to the network card
Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services
VERIFYING TCP/IP CONFIGURATION
 TCP/IP settings to check include:
 Incorrect IP address
 Duplicate IP address
 Incorrect subnet mask
 Incorrect or missing default gateway
 Incorrect or missing DNS server
 Incorrect or missing WINS server
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PING
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Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services
IPCONFIG
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TROUBLESHOOTING DHCP CLIENTS
 Use Ipconfig /renew to force the client to
refresh the DHCP configuration
 Ensure that the DHCP server is functioning
and is not out of IP addresses
 If the DHCP server is remote, verify that
the DHCP Relay Agent is functioning
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TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC CONNECTIVITY
 If the client appears to have an appropriate
TCP/IP configuration, you can perform basic
connectivity testing using the Ping
command
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TRACERT COMMAND
 The Tracert command-line utility can help
you figure out exactly where along the
route the breakdown happened
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PATHPING COMMAND
 The Pathping command is a combination of
both Ping and Tracert, displaying
information about packet loss at every
router between the host computer and the
remote one
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TCP/IP HOST NAME RESOLUTION METHODS
 Local host name
 DNS cache
 Hosts file
 DNS server
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NETBIOS NAME RESOLUTION METHODS
 NetBIOS name cache
 WINS server
 Broadcast
 Lmhosts file
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UNDERSTANDING INTERNET CONNECTION
FIREWALL
 Limits the data that comes into a computer
or a network
 Does not limit what happens on a stand-
alone computer or inside the network, or
the data that passes between computers on
a local network
 Works independently of any networking
hardware
 Can keep a security log of discarded
packets
Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services
ENABLING INTERNET CONNECTION FIREWALL
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ICF LOGGING
 Two available ICF logging options:
 Log Dropped Packets
 Log Successful Connections
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INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL
(ICMP)
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ALLOWING SERVICES IN ICF
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ESTABLISHING A REMOTE ASSISTANCE
SESSION
Start Menu –
Help and Support
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REMOTE ASSISTANCE CONSOLE
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TAKING SHARED CONTROL OF THE USER’S
COMPUTER
 Can fully manipulate the computer
 Can load and unload drivers
 Can launch applications
 Can View event logs
 Cannot copy files from the user’s hard drive
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REMOTE DESKTOP
 Remote Desktop is designed to allow a user
to have full control over her or his Windows
XP Professional Edition desktop from
another computer on the network
Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services
CONFIGURING REMOTE DESKTOP
Must have the check
box selected.
Port 3389 must be
opened on the firewall.
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MANAGING REMOTE DESKTOP SESSIONS
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CHAPTER SUMMARY
 When configuring TCP/IP, you must
configure an IP address and a subnet mask.
Optionally, you can configure a default
gateway and name server addresses.
 A computer can obtain IP addressing
information automatically or you can
configure a static IP address.
 Name resolution is the process of resolving
a user-friendly name to an IP address.
Name resolution mechanisms include DNS
and WINS.
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CHAPTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
 When troubleshooting a networking
problem, you should check for problems
with cable connections, network adapters,
modems, TCP/IP configuration, or name
resolution settings.
 Internet Connection Firewall provides a
level of security against unwanted network
traffic coming from outside your private
network.
Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services
CHAPTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
 Remote Assistance provides a way for a
user to request help from an expert and
even let that expert control the user’s
desktop. Remote Desktop provides a way
for a user to control his or her desktop
while away from the main computer.
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