Transcript PowerPoint

Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS)
….Airplanes …As a Network….
The Airborne Internet Collaboration and Working
Group at the Digital Aviation Systems Conference
October 16, 2003
by
Ralph Yost
Innovations Research Division, ACB-100
William J. Hughes Technical Center
The Small Aircraft Transportation System is a safe travel
alternative, freeing people and products from transportation
system delays,
by creating access to more communities in less time.
A Key to the “Transportation System after Next”
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Airborne Internet is an
“Enabling Technology” for SATS,
Analyses
Downselect
Laboratory
…a
disruptive
innovation
for aviation…
Evaluations
Downselect
…but not
necessarily tied
to SATS.
Simulation
Airborne Enabling
Technologies
Experiments
Technology Integration
And Flight Experiments
Downselect
Flight
Experiments
Downselect
Integrated Flight
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Demonstrations
AIRBORNE INTERNET
What IS this thing?
(and what it is NOT)
A private, secure and reliable peer-to-peer
aircraft communications network that uses
the same technologies as the commercial
Internet.
A general purpose, multi-application data
channel for transportation
* It is NOT the World Wide Web ! *
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What Is a Disruptive Innovation?
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The Cycle of Revolutionary Advances
in (Disruptive) Technology
R&T
Initial Acceptance Phase Deployment Phase
Development &
Transition development
Evaluation Phase International endorsement
Idea is
proposed,
briefed,
funding
sought
System
Maturity Phase
System
Deployment
System
Development
Airborne
Internet
Airborne Internet
Development
Proof of
Concept
2002
2007
2012
2017
2022
20XX
Airborne Internet has potential for significant impact in aviation
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1900
1910
Assembly Line
Model T
DC-3
First VORs
Jet Transports
VDL, ACR
GPS
Relative Market Growth
GAP Engines
Disruptive Innovations
in Higher Speed, Longer Daily Range Travel
and Information Connectivity
Airborne
Internet
Small
Aircraft
Transportation
System
Jetliners Displace Props
33 years
Propliners Displace Cars
Information Connectivity is
now being applied to personal
mobility
Cars Displace Trains
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
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Traditional Systems Deployment
Consider the traditional method of
deploying new systems in civil
aviation…
The FAA is currently beginning to
provide ATC information (TIS) to GA
aircraft…….it has long recognized the
desire of GA to obtain real time weather
information (FIS).
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FAA’s Planned East Coast Broadcast Services
Functional Architecture
MFD
ADS-B
UAT
ADS-B
TIS-B
FIS-B
Airborne Configuration
FIS
Sources
UAT
Tx/Rx
FIS
Surveillance
Systems
Sensor
Sites
Surveillance
Processing
ADS-B
Target
Reports
Ground
Broadcast
Server(s)
Control Facility (WJHTC)
Ground
Stations
FIS-B
TIS-B
ADS-B
Target
Reports
Flight
Following
(Limited)
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FAA’s Planned East Coast Broadcast Services
Functional Architecture
1. Great initial start that recognizes that GA
aircraft need traffic information also
2. An entirely new network of ground
transmitters must be installed
3. This new network only applies to GA
4. Yet ANOTHER radio must be installed in the
aircraft !
5. Applies only to low altitude flight <18,000’)
6. What about high altitude GA aircraft?
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Radio Frequency (RF) Coverage
25 Ground Stations
Mean Sea Level
Above Ground Level
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UAT Deployment vs. A.I.
If Airborne Internet were deployed today, there
would be no need for
1. The new network of ground based
transmitters
2. The additional radio in the aircraft
3. The recurring costs associated with the
ground stations and additional avionics
4. The dual system for GA (UAT) and
commercial (1090Mhz squitter)
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Result of the Current (and traditional) Method of
Deploying New Systems in Aviation
(The FAA Tech Center’s BE200 N35 R&D Aircraft Flight Deck)
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The Cockpit of the future…….?
NASA SATS aircraft interior conceptual drawing
….digital systems will require DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY !
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….or Cockpit of Today !
Eclipse 500 interior from www.eclipseaviation.com
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Aviation Information of the Future
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Aviation Information of the Future
…..and eventually, pilots will be able to extract data
using VOICE….on the Airborne Internet.
•Voice Extensible Markup Language (VoiceXML)
allows a user to interact with the Internet through
voice-recognition technology by using a voice
browser
•W3C (the WWW Consortium) is currently writing
version 2.0 of VoiceXML standard
•Editors are from PipeBeach, Nuance
Communications, Speechworks International,
Lucent, Motorola, IBM, and Tellme Networks
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A.I. Application Example:
Surveillance Radar Augmentation
A/C tracking depends on secondary surveillance radar
Transponders in A/C reply to
ground interrogations from
surveillance radars. ATC has
positive knowledge of A/C
position, altitude, etc.
Outside of radar coverage
ATC has no positive
knowledge of A/C position,
altitude, etc.
- Use checkpoint reporting
Current System:
Radar dependant
airspace. Radars are
installed as airspace
traffic density increases
(e.g. NE U.S.)
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Technology:
- Analog technology
foundation
- Dual function
transponder
- Line of sight
B
B
Goal
Limitations:
-Provide aircraft altitude,
range, ID code
-Extensive processing
can provide flight trend
prediction
-Flight coverage is
geographic dependant
- Low altitude gaps
-Many GA airports not
covered
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Comparison - Radar & ADS-B
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The History of Secondary Surveillance
Radar Technology
British Develop
radar for air
defense (preWWII)
CAA deploys ASR-1
FY 1950
System
Maturity Phase
System Refinement
ATCBI-6
Monopulse SSR
DATALINK
Early Deployment
Secondary
Surveillance
Life Cycle
Early Develop.
First ASR antenna at
Smithsonian
1930
1940
1950
1970
1990
20XX
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ARTS, 1975
Consider…
“Most People’s Vision of the Future is a More Efficient Past”
Glen Hiemstra
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A Possible Solution?
Network Aircraft as we do Computers
Graphic courtesy of CNS Inc.
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KEY REQUIREMENTS:
-GPS position
- Connection to Network
- Mobile Routing
Current aviation voice comm is VHF
- Continue to use VHF but add Satellite
- Use BOTH (hybrid radio) to maintain mobile connectivity
to a network
- Provides equipment and frequency diversity
- Report GPS/WAAS position data continually to network
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Flight Tracking (DATA CONNECTIVITY!)
at All Altitudes
-Provides potential ATC participation to ALL aircraft
- Other uses of real data connectivity
- Coverage: Ground up
- Includes Gulf of Mexico, Oceanic, entire continental U.S.
High Altitude Sector
En Route
Low Altitude Sector
Transition
Airspace
GND
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Graphic courtesy of CNS Inc.
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Initial Airborne Internet Demo (Task 1)
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Graphic courtesy of CNS Inc.
What is Mode SATS ?
• Based upon Self-Organizing VHF Data Link using
GFSK modulation (peer-to peer technique).
• Builds upon the core ICAO navigation-surveillance
standards for VHF datalink.
• Allows aircraft-to-aircraft switching (ad hoc networks)
for AI communications.
• Single channel data burst rate is 19.2 Kbps.
– Significant data throughput improvements through
wide-band or multichannel techniques.
• Frequency tuning range:
– Today - 108-137 MHz
– Researching higher frequency usage
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Initial Airborne Internet Demo (Task 1)
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AIRBORNE INTERNET DEMO (Task 1)
Accomplished Functionality
- Aircraft-to-aircraft Communications & Situational
awareness (ADS-B)
- Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC)
- External Internet for Flight Information Services
(FIS-B)
-Text messaging chat sessions
- Email
- VHF Digital Link Mode SATS (Self-organizing)
- Peer-to-peer activity between two or more air nodes
- Interoperability between applications residing on
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different platforms
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AIRBORNE INTERNET
Review of Initial Work (Task 1)
Airborne Internet Requirements Definition
- SATS Operational Concepts
- AI Requirements Document
- Candidate AI Architecture
Define the communications system requirements:
1. Operational Concepts and Services
2. Entity/Functional Architecture
3. Information Exchange (data flow) Requirements
4. Communication Performance Requirements
5. Traffic Loading Models
NAS Infrastructure Assessment Analysis
Build an AI Demonstration / test bed system
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AIRBORNE INTERNET
NASA TGIR Award Winner
Winner of NASA’s
Turning Goals Into Reality
Award for Mobility
Award presented June 11,
2003
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AIRBORNE INTERNET
Next Steps….How to Advance?
•Provided demonstrations and briefings over a 6
months period to key decision makers in FAA, NASA,
DoD, industry
Requested FAA Tech Center funding for R&D
Sought sponsorship in FAA HQ
Sought sponsorship in NASA
Lightly explored DoD sponsorship
• Conducted a spectrum study to look for ideal home
for A.I.
•Purchased A.I. demo equipment for NASA at LARC
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AIRBORNE INTERNET
• Move the effort OUTSIDE of the FAA
• Create an external “pull” on the FAA
•Recognize that industry has a more
powerful voice in influencing the FAA
than its own technical experts do !
• Explore partnerships!
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AIRBORNE INTERNET
Create the Demand and Sponsorship
Create an Industry sponsored
consortium to advance A.I.
• Attracts industry funding
• Gov’t can contribute
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AIRBORNE INTERNET
The Airborne Internet Working Group
•The AIWG is a public-private collaboration group
formed to further the vision of creating and
implementing an Airborne Internet data channel for
aviation
• Five meetings held thus far
•Includes Microsoft, Boeing-ATM, Aerosat, NASA, FAA,
ARINC, SITA, VA SATSLAB, Ohio Univ., and others
•Positive progress towards the creation of the
Airborne Internet Consortium (public-private
partnership)
•Developed an A.I. Work Plan ($30 Million)
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Airborne Internet
Follow on Research
-Establish Airborne Internet lab/operational system at
FAA William J Hughes Tech Center
- Use VDL Mode-3 NEXCOM radios
- Use VDL Mode-2 radios (??? CPDLC 1A is canceled)
- Explore mixed mode operations (VDL-2,3,4 mixed)
- Use hybrid radio (VHF/SAT)
- Explore 5Ghz C-Band solution (MLS band)
- Establish A.I. Architecture as independent of radio
used
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Airborne Internet
More Follow on Research
- Add VoiceXML capability
-Continue to progress with the Airborne Internet Working
Group
- Testing of VHF channels (possible combining of 25Khz
channels to improve VDL3 bandwidth and data throughput)
- Explore the possibility of using UHF spectrum (ie military
partnership!)
-Explore a multi-band approach
- Ensure that all layers of the communications stack are
thoroughly studied
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Potential Benefits
-Using NEXCOM, A.I. data channel could be in all aircraft
(i.e. no additional equipment required)
-Provide ATC coverage to aircraft using non-radar covered
airports (No ground equipment required at airport)
- Surveillance augmentation includes Gulf of Mexico and
Oceanic
- ATC Flight following to more GA aircraft
- Data transfer and applications available to commercial
and GA
-Spectrum/cost efficient: many functions over a single
frequency (Minimizes the number of systems in aircraft
and on the ground)
- Digitized Voice/Voice over IP
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AIRBORNE INTERNET
Summary
•A.I. is a general purpose, multi-application data channel
for transportation
•A.I. is a private, secure and reliable peer-to-peer aircraft
communications network that uses the same technologies as
the commercial Internet
•A.I. can increase aviation safety by providing ATC
services to aircraft not otherwise able to receive them
•A.I. can increase aviation safety by providing ATC services
to aircraft over Gulf of Mex. and Oceanic
•A.I. can reduce systems costs for user and provider (and
create revenue) by running multiple applications over a
common data channel
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OK……....So Let’s GO!
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For more information:
Ralph Yost
Innovations Research Division, ACB-100
William J Hughes Technical Center
Atlantic City Airport, NJ 08405
(609) 485-5637
[email protected]
http://www.airborneinternet.com
http://www.airborneinternet.net
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