Transcript Presentation - Virtual Office

Chapter 19
PCs on the Internet
You Will Learn…
 About the TCP/IP suite of protocols
 How to connect to the Internet using dial-up,
DSL, and cable modem connections
 About supporting common Internet clients
such as Web browsers, e-mail clients, and file
transfer software
The TCP/IP Suite of Protocols
 Used by OS to make resources on a network
available to the user
 Used on intranets and the Internet to support
client/server applications
A Client/Server Application
Using IP and Port Addresses to Identify
Services
TCP/IP Port Assignments
TCP/IP Protocol Layers
Applications Protocols
 Common applications that use the Internet
(Web browsers, e-mail, chat rooms, FTP) make
an API call to the OS
 For Web browsers, the request will be an
HTTP request
 Once the response is passed to the browser, a
session (socket) is established
TCP/IP Protocols Used by the OS for
Network Communication
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TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
• Guarantees packet delivery
• Connection-oriented protocol
• Used by Web browsers and e-mail
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
• Does not guarantee delivery
• Connectionless protocol
• Used for broadcasting and other types of transmissions (eg,
streaming video/sound) where fast transmission is more
important than guaranteed delivery
continued…
TCP/IP Protocols Used by the OS for
Network Communication
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IP (Internet Protocol)
• Breaks up and reassembles data into packets and routes
them to their destination
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
• Locates host on a local network
RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)
• Discovers Internet address of host on local network
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
• Communicates problems with transmission
TCP/IP Protocols Used by the OS for
Network Communication
TCP/IP Protocols Used by the OS for
Network Communication
Network Protocols
Used by Hardware
 Included in the firmware and drivers on a
single NIC or, for phone-line connections, by a
modem and its drivers
 Protocol used depends on type of physical
network that the data is traveling on (eg, PPP)
TCP/IP Utilities
continued…
TCP/IP Utilities
Other Tools
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Microsoft SNMP Agent
• Can be installed after you install TCP/IP
• Provides system management tools for networks
• System administrator can monitor remote connections to
computers running Windows clients
Can be a security risk
•
NSLookup
• Lets you read information from the Internet name space
• Requests information about domain name resolutions from
the DNS server’s zone data
Using NSLookup
Ways to Connect to the Internet
 Standard dial-up connection
• Modem on the PC acts like a network card
 DSL
 Cable modem
Dial-up Networking
 Install modem and drivers to run it
 Install TCP/IP and bind it to the modem
 Install and configure Dial-up Networking
feature in Windows
 Create and test connection to the ISP
How Dial-up Networking Works
Creating a Dial-up Connection in
Windows 98
 Install Dial-Up Networking as an OS
component on the PC using Add/Remove
Programs applet in Control Panel
• Also installs a dial-up adapter
 Create an icon in the Dial-up Networking
group and use the icon to make a connection
Creating a Dial-up Connection in
Windows 98
Making a New Connection in Windows
98
Setting Up a Connection
to Your ISP
 What is the phone number of the ISP?
 What is your user ID and password for the
ISP?
 Will DNS servers be assigned at connection? If
not, what is IP address of DNS server(s)?
 How will IP address be assigned (most likely
dynamic)?
Setting Up an ISP Connection
Setting Up an ISP Connection
Creating a Dial-up Connection in
Windows 2000
Creating a Dial-up Connection in
Windows 2000
Dial-up Networking Problems
 You cannot make a connection
 You can connect, but get message “Unable to
resolve hostname…”
 After connecting, you get error message
“Unable to establish a compatible set of
network protocols”
 When you double-click Web browser, modem
does not dial automatically
DSL and Cable Modem Connections
 Broadband technologies that can support
transmission of more than one kind of data at
one time
 Usually use a network card in the PC for the
physical connection to the network
 For service to the Internet, the other end of the
cable connects to a cable modem or a DSL box
Installing Cable Modem and DSL
Internet Connections
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Install network card and drivers to control the card
Use a network cable to connect PC to cable modem or
DSL box
Install TCP/IP and bind TCP/IP to the card
Configure TCP/IP to connect to the Internet or LAN
Install the applications software (eg, browser) to use
the connection
Cable Modem
 Uses regular TV cable cord to connect to a TV
cable wall outlet
 Electrical connection provides power to the
box
 Connects to network card or USB port in the
PC
 Service technician can install network card and
configure PC to use the service
Cable Modem
DSL
 Provided by local telephone company
 Uses DSL converter box that is sometimes
combined with a router as a single device to
allow more than one PC to use DSL line
 Device connects to PC by way of a network
cable and card
 Technician from phone company most likely to
do installation
Options for Sharing Internet
Connections
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One computer on the LAN with direct connection to
Internet (via phone line, cable modem, or DSL) can
serve as a host computer for others on the LAN
For cable modem and DSL, broadband converter box
can connect to a network device (eg, router) that
manages connection for entire network
Router can serve as a wireless access point for
computers to connect wirelessly to Internet
A Router as a
Wireless Access Point
Windows Internet Connection Sharing
 Allows others on a small office or home LAN
to share an Internet connection with a host
computer
Configuring the LAN for Internet
Connection Sharing
Supporting Internet Clients
 Web browsers
 E-mail
 FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Supporting Web Browsers
 URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
• Address for a Web page file or other resource on
the Internet
How a URL Is Structured
Top-Level Domain Names
Solving Browser Performance Problems
 Use tools such as Defrag, ScanDisk, and
System Information to make sure:
• Enough free hard drive space
• Clean hard drive
• Optimized virtual memory settings
 Control the browser environment
 Suppress image downloads
 Download updates and patches
Controlling the Browser Environment
Supporting E-Mail
Using Two E-Mail Servers
Supporting FTP
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Used to transfer files over the Internet between two
computers using same or different OSs
Software on both ends must use the same protocol
With appropriate permissions on the site, user can:
• Copy, delete, and rename files
• Make directories
• Remove directories
• View details about files and directories
Can be executed from user-friendly GUI software or
from a command prompt
FTP from a Command Prompt
File Transfer Using FTP Software
File Transfer Using FTP Software
Chapter Summary
 How the TCP/IP suite of protocols is used
 How to create and troubleshoot dial-up and
broadband connections to the Internet
 How to support popular applications that use
the Internet (eg, Web browsers, e-mail clients,
FTP software)