What is Internet?

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Transcript What is Internet? 

Internet & World-Wide Web (WWW)
1. What is Internet?
2. What can we do over the Internet?
3. What is WWW?
4. What can we do over the Web?
5. Prospects.
Yuh-Jzer Joung
Internet & WWW
What is Internet?
1. The ogirins of the Internet are founded in ARPANET, a single network
created in 1969 by the U.S. Department of Defense’s Advanced
Research Projects Agency (ARPA) to enable data sharing and to
create an electronic mail (E-mail) system.
2. In 1981, two most notable new networks formed by education and
research sites were CSNET (initially the Computer Science NETwork;
later the Computer + Science Network), and BITNET (the "Because
It's Time" or "Because It's There" NETwork).
3. 1/1/1993, Cutover from NCP to TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internetwork Protocol). This leads to one of the first
definitions of an “internet” as a connected set of networks, specifically
those using TCP/IP, and “The Internet” as connected TCP/IP internets.
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Internet & WWW
4. 1988, Nov. 2: Internet worm burrows through the Net, affecting ~6,000 of
the 60,000 hosts on the Internet. The Internet worm began its life as a
single program launched from one computer by Cornell student Robert
Morris Jr. More. CERT (Computer Emergency Response Team) formed
by DARPA in response to the needs exhibited during the Morris worm
incident. The worm is the only advisory issued this year.
5. On June 1, 1990, after 21 years of operation, the government-funded
ARPANET was "deinstalled.”
6. 1991,
 Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS), invented by Brewster Kahle,
released by Thinking Machines Corporation
 Gopher released by Paul Lindner and Mark P. McCahill from the Univ of
Minnessota
 World-Wide Web (WWW) released by CERN; Tim Berners-Lee developer
 PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) released by Philip Zimmerman
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Internet & WWW
Internet Hosts
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Internet History
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Internet History
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Internet History
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Internet History
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Internet History
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Internet Addresses
Domain Name system
[email protected]
country
User ID
domain
at
domain type
subdomain
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Internet & WWW
IP address:
ccm.ntu.edu.tw (140.112.2.3)
joung.im.ntu.edu.tw (140.112.106.64)
bbs.nchu.edu.tw
labrea.stanford.edu
ftp.cs.uwa.oz.au
gatekeeper.dec.com
csrc.ncsl.nist.gov
uga.bitnet
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Internet & WWW
–
–
–
–
–
–
com: commercial enterprises
edu: educational institutes
gov: government agencies
mil: military government agencies
net: networking organization
org: other(often nonprofit) organization
3. TAIWAN:
TANet (Taiwan Academic Network), Seednet, HiNet
1987 link to BITNET
1991 link to Internet(256Kbps, 512Kbps 1994 Oct.)
1998 Oct. T3 (45Mbps)
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Internet & WWW
What can we do over the Internet?
 E-Mail
 Remote File Access (FTP)
 News & BBS
 Remote Login (Telnet)
 Gopher, Archie, On-Line Service
 Talk
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Internet & WWW
What is WWW?
 1989 proposed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN (European Center for
Nuclear Research) as a “wide-area hypermedia information retrieval
initiative aiming to give universal access to a large universe of
documents”.
 The success of WWW should be attributed to the development of
interfaces to the Web (ie. the browsers). Two popular browsers:
 Mosaic (by NASA at UI, National Center for Supercomputing
applications)
 Netscape (by Netscape Communications)
 Client-Server Architecture
 HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
 HyperText Transmission Protocol (HTTP)
 Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)
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Internet & WWW
Netscape:
未上市前: $0.0005/share
Mark Andreessen
each 720000 share0.0005/share
& James Barksdale
=$360
Last Year(‘95)
Marc Andreessen : 1,000,000 shares
James Barksdale: 4,2000,000 shares
James Clark(from Silicon Graphics): 6,700,000 shares
上市前摩根史坦利沽計Netscape 承銷價在$28/share
(但Netscape試圖以$13/share 讓售部份股失敗)
1995. 8. 9上市: High--$75/share
Close--$58/share
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Internet & WWW
-- 1994, Marc Andreessen and his colleagues left NCSA, and form
Netscape Communication Corporation with Jim Clark (former chairmen
of Silicon Graphics)
-- Mid 1994, MIR and CERN form WWW Consortium(WWWC)
-- Wed end 1994 with 16% of NSFNET backbone traffic, beating
Telnet and Gopher
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Internet & WWW
T
T
PC
W
SiteC
W
SiteB
printer
Ethernet
T
W
Minicomputer
Gateway/Router
W
W
Router
FDDI Ring
W
Gateway
Super-Computer
W
W
Ethernet
printer
Minicomputer
FDDI Ring
Router1
printer
Router3
SiteA
Minicomputer
Modem
Gateway
Router2
Ethernet
W
X
Terminal Server
W
LEGEND
Super MiniComputer
X
X Terminal
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W
T
Worstation
Terminal
Internet & WWW
PC
T
Personal Computer
T
WWW Log
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mar. 1989, Berners-Lee proposed “HyperText and CERN”
late 1990, first prototype ran on NeXT computer.
Mid 1991., interface to the Network
1992, Web becomes publicly available form CERN
by the start of 1993, there were 50 web servers
1993, Marc Andreesen (an undergrate at UF) led a team in NCAS
(National Center for Supercomputing Applications) to develop an X
window System browser for the web called Mosaic, which is then
released in Feb. 1993.
in 1993, data communication traffic from Web servers grew from 0.1% to
1% of the US NSF Network (NSFNet) backbone traffic.
by Oct. 1993, there were 500 known Web servers
The NewYork Times hailed Mosaic as the “Killer app”
by the end of 1993, Web ended with 2.2% of the NFSNet backbone
traffic.
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Internet & WWW
……..
1
用戶端與伺服器之間的通訊
TANET資源
….…
..….
2
請給我 TANET資源
HTTP通訊
¦øªA¾¹
¥Î¤áºÝ
3
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TANET 資源
……..
……..
……..
Internet & WWW
THE HISTORY OF
HYPERTEXT
Hypertext is basically the
same as regular text. It can
be stored, read, searched, or
edited, with an important
exception that hypertext
contains connections within
the text to other documents.
WEBSTER’S
DICTIONARY
Hypertext is...
Selecting a piece of hypertext...
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HYPERTEXT:
THE MOVIE
…can take you to more hypertext,
books, movies, sounds, and images.
Internet & WWW
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
• HTML is the standard language the Web uses for creating and
recognizing hypermedia documents.
• Hypertext/hypermedia documents contain links to other documents.
• Allow document writers to separate information from document
presentation.
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Internet & WWW
WWW Server Growth
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URL: Universal Resource Locator
Unified Names for Internet Resources Link Files, Newsgroup, etc.
• First Naming Component
– Delimited by “ : ”
– Specifying naming scheme or access method
• URL Schemes
– http: Hypertext transfer protocol
– ftp: File transfer protocol
– gopher: Gopher protocol
– mailto: Usenet news
– telnet, rlogin, tn3270: Reference to interactive sessions
– wais: Wide area information server
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Internet & WWW
URL Examples
• file://www.hcc.hawaii.edu/sound.au
– Retrieve a sound file and play it
• file://www.eit.com/picture.fig
– Retrieve picture and display it, wither in a separate program
or within a hypermedia document
• file://www.eff.org/directory/
– Display a directory’s contents
• http://www.hcc.hawaii.edu/directory/book.html
– Connect to an HTTP server and retrieves an HTML file
• ftp://www.xerox.com/pub/file.txt
– Open an FTP connection to www.Xerox.com and retrieve a text file
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Internet & WWW
URL Examples (Cont’d)
• gopher://www.hcc.hawaii.edu
– Connect to Gopher at www.hcc.hawaii.edu
• telnet://www.hcc.hawaii.edu:1234
– Telnet www.hcc.hawaii.edu at port 1234
• news:alt.hypertext
– Read the latest Usenet news by connecting to a user-specified news
(NNTP) host and returns the articles in the alt.hypertext newsgroup in
hypermedia format.
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Internet & WWW
What can we do over the Web?
 Anything served through Gopher
 Anything server through WAIS (Wide-Area Information Service)
 Anything served through anonymous FTP sites
 Full Archie services (an FTP search service)
 Full Veronica services ( a Gopher search services)
 Full finger services ( an Internet user lookup program)
 Any library system PALS (a library database standard)
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Internet & WWW
Prospects
 Impact on Network Infrastructure NII (National Information
Infrastructure), Information Superhighway.
 Security.
 Crimes and Laws.
 Commercial Pursuits and Consumer’s Behavior.
 Impact to Society and Culture.
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Internet & WWW
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Internet & WWW
Hypertext
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Internet & WWW
An HTML Document: The NTU Homepage (1)
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An HTML Document: The NTU Homepage (2)
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<img src="/share/icon/ball/purple.gif" alt="十一月八日早上八點開跑">
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<font color="#ff0000">1998台大校園馬拉松賽</font>
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<font color="#ff0000">第二屆東亞研究大學生物技術研討會</font></a>
<br>
<img src="/share/icon/ball/purple.gif" alt="November 20-21, 1998 (English)">
<a href="http://icpc.cc.ntu.edu.tw/" >
<font color="#ff0000">ACM 1998 亞洲大專程式設計比賽</font></a></h3>
<p align="center">歡迎自八十七年七月七日起之本校第 <img
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