Transcript Management Functions and Reference Models

Management Functions and
Reference Models
W.lilakiatsakun
TMN Layer
• Telecommunication Management Network
• A set of standards by ITU (International
Telecommunication Union)
• It is a part of ITU Recommendation series
M.3000 series
• It is defined by ITU Recommendation M.3010
Management Layer (1)
Business
Management
Service
Management
Network Management
Element Management
Network Element
TMN-layer: a management hierarchy reference model
Management layer (2)
• TMN (Telecommunication Management
Network)
– Network Element
– Element Management
– Network Management
– Service Management
– Business Management
Management layer (3)
• Network element
– It means “the management agent “
– It provides agent services, mapping the physical
aspects of the equipment into the TMN
framework.
Management layer (4)
• Element management
– This layer deals with vendor specific management functions
• Examples of functions performed at the Element
Management layer are:
–
–
–
–
detection of equipment errors,
measuring power consumption,
measuring the temperature of equipment,
measuring the resources that are being used, like CPU-time,
buffer space, queue length etc.,
– logging of statistical data,
– updating firmware.
Management layer (5)
• Network Management
– To manage the functions related to the interaction between
multiple pieces of equipment.
– Involves with keeping the network running as a whole (endto-end)
• Examples of functions performed at this layer are:
– creation of the complete network view,
– creation of dedicated paths through the network to support
the QoS demands of end users,
– modification of routing tables,
– monitoring of link utilization,
– optimizing network performance, and
– detection of faults.
Management layer (6)
• Service management
– Managing the services that the network provides and
ensuring those services are running smoothly
– The Service Management layer is concerned with
management of those aspects that may directly be
observed by the users of the telecommunication network.
– These users may be end users (customers) but also other
service providers (administrations).
Management layer (8)
• The notion of Service Management can be regarded as the
most valuable contribution of TMN and other management
frameworks
• Examples of functions performed at the Service Management
layer are:
–
–
–
–
–
Quality of Service management (delay, loss, etc.),
Accounting,
Addition and removal of users,
Address assignment,
Maintenance of group addresses
• Ex. A customer orders a phone service , a number of operations
required
• Number allocation
• Company directory updating
• Testing and troubleshooting
Management layer (7)
• Business management
– It is responsible for the management of the whole
enterprise.
– It relates to strategical and tactical management, instead of
operational management, like the other management layers
of TMN.
– Examples
• Billing and invoicing
• Help desk management
• Business forecasting
Reference Model (1)
• It can be used for guidance and helps
– To check a management system or operations
support infrastructure for completeness (most
important aspect)
– Categorize and group different functions
– To identify scenarios and use cases that need to
be collected and to recognize interdependencies
and interfaces between different tasks
Reference Model (2)
• FCAPS – Fault, Configuration, Account,
Performance, Security
• OAM&P – Operation, Administration,
Maintenance and Provision
• eTOM (extended Telecom Operation Maps) –
FAB :Fulfillment – Assurance - Billing
FCAPS (1)
• FCAPS is part of TMN model
– F : Fault management
– C : Configuration management
– A : Accounting management
– P : Performance management
– S : Security management
FCAPS (2)
Fault management (1)
• Deal with faults that occur in the network
– Equipment or software failure
– Communication services fails to work properly
• Functionality (not limited to)
– Network monitoring + alarm management + advanced
alarm processing function
– Fault diagnostic/ root cause analysis/ troubleshooting
– Maintaining historical alarm logs
– Trouble ticketing
– Proactive fault management
Fault management (2)
- Network monitoring
• Allow a network provider organization:
– To see whether the network is operating as expected
– To keep track of its current state
– To visualize the current state
• The most important aspect of network monitoring is
alarm management
• Alarm is an unsolicited messages from the network
indicate that some unexpected event has occurred
– Link down
– Intrusion detected
Fault management (3)
- Basic Alarm Management Function (1)
• Alarm management with basic function Ex.
– Collecting alarms
– maintaining accurate and current lists of alarms
(historical alarm data)
– Visualizing alarms and network state
• The most important task consists of collecting
alarms and making sure that nothing
important is missed
Fault management (4)
- Basic Alarm Management Function (2)
Visualizing Alarm (a) Table list (b) Topology Map
Fault management (4)
- Basic Alarm Management Function (3)
• Historical alarm data can be useful
– To resolve future problems faster by recognizing
patterns and recalling their past resolution
– To establish trends, to see how alarm rates and
types of alarms reported have evolved over time
Fault management (5)
- Advanced Alarm Management
Function(1)
• Alarm forwarding function – email, SMS
• Acknowledging function – allow network
operators to acknowledge alarms
– Trouble ticket
• The clearing of alarm – a second alarm to
indicate that the alarm condition no longer
exists
Fault management (6)
- Advanced Alarm Management
Function(2)
Fault management (7)
- Alarm and Event filtering (1)
• Filtering - To block out as many irrelevant or less
important event as possible or redundant alarm
– Subscribe only needed alarms as specified by some criteria
– Deduplication : discard the redundant alarms within a time
• Correlation – To preprocess and aggregate data from
events and alarms distill it into more concise and
meaningful information
Fault management (8)
- Alarm and Event filtering (2)
Fault management (9)
-Fault diagnostic and
Troubleshooting (1)
• The analysis process that leads to a diagnosis
is often referred to as a root cause analysis
• For example: Device Overheating
Fault management (10)
-Fault diagnostic and Troubleshooting (2)
Fault management (11)
-Fault diagnostic and Troubleshooting (3)
• Troubleshooting can involve simply
– retrieving additional monitoring data about a
device.
– Injecting some tests into a network or a device
• Loopback tests
• Ping / traceroute
Fault management (12)
-Proactive Fault management
• Most fault management is reactive
– Deal with faults after they have occurred
• Proactive fault management
– Taking a step to avoid failure conditions before
they occur
– Test network to detect deterioration in the quality
of service
– Alarm analysis that recognizes pattern of alarms
caused by minor faults that point to bigger
problems
Fault management (13)
-Trouble ticket
• The trouble ticket system helps keep track of
which trouble tickets are still outstanding
• Trouble tickets are assigned to operator who
are responsible for resolving the trouble ticket
• Not every alarm results in trouble ticket, only
when alarm conditions having impact to
deliver services or need human intervention
Configuration Management (1)
• It includes the initial configuration of a device to bring
it up as well as ongoing configuration changes
• Configuration management functions:
–
–
–
–
–
Configuring Managed Resources
Auditing the network and discovery what’s in it
Synchronization management information in the network
Backing up network configuration and restoring
Managing software images running on network equipment
Configuration Management (2)
-Configuring Managed Resources
• This involves sending commands to network
equipment to change its configuration settings
• It might involve only one device or many
devices.
Configuration Management (3)
-Auditing and discovery
• Auditing - To find out what actually has been
configured – read and check
• Discovery – To find out what the network
actually is
• Reason to do (auto) Discovery
– Inventory records might not be accurate
– Changes might not always be recorded
– More efficient than to enter the information into
management app.
Configuration Management (3)
-Synchronization (1)
• Reconciliation
– The network is considered as the master of information
– The information should reflect what is actually in the
network
Configuration Management (4)
-Synchronization (2)
• Reprovisioning
– The management system is the master of
management information
Configuration Management (5)
-Synchronization (3)
• Discrepancy reporting
– The decision of how to synchronize is made by the
user
Configuration Management (6)
-backup and restore
• In case of some catastrophic event, it helps
network operators brings the network back to
operation in a short period of time
• For example
– Save in a file
– Setup a TFTp server
Configuration Management (7)
-Image Management
• How to keep track of software images are
installed on which network device
• How to deliver new images to those devices
without disrupting service
Accounting management (1)
• It is at the core of the economics of providing
communication services
• Accounting management needs to be highly
robust, highest availability and reliability
standard apply
• Account management is often associated
simply with billing
Accounting management (2)
• Account management can serve as an
additional feature of the service itself
– Billing information online
Performance management (1)
-Performance metrics (1)
• Throughput – units of communication per unit of
time
– Network layer – packets/sec
– Application layer – requests/sec
• Delay – unit of time
– Network layer – time that packet take to rach the
destination
• Quality – might different
– Network layer – percentage of packet dropped
– Application layer – percentage of request that could not be
serviced
Performance management (2)
-Monitoring and Tuning
• At basic level, to retrieve a snapshot of the
current performance
• For a more sophisticated analysis, to observe
over time
– Plot a histogram of some performance values with
a new sample taken every 5 minutes
Performance management (2)
-Collecting data
• Polling – a manager polls to agents
– Not scale
• Intelligent agent – agents can be set up to do
data collection
• Use protocol supported
– Netflow or IPFIX
Security Management (1)
• Security of Management
• Management of security
Security Management (1)
-Security of management
• Security of management deals with ensuring that
management operations themselves are secured
• Tasks to defend against threat:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Assign access privileges
Secure management channel
Require secure passwords
Passwords need to be changed at regular interval
Establish audit trail
Set up proper facilities for backup and restore
Security Management (1)
-Management of Security
• Common security threat – hacker attack, denial of
service (DoS), malware, spam
• Components of security management
– Intrusion detection system (IDS)
– Applying policy to limit or allow to only gradually increase
amount of traffic
– Capability to blacklist ports and network addresses at
which suspicious traffic patterns
– Honey pots to gather information about security
vulnerability
OAM&P (1)
• Operation, Administration, Maintenance and
Provisioning
• Operation – day-to-day running of the
network
– Cooridinating activities among administration,
maintenance and provisioning
– Monitoring the network to ensure it runs properly
OAM&P (2)
• Administration – cover the support functions
that are required to manage the network and
do not involve performing change
– Designing the network
– Tracking network usage
– Assigning addresses
– Keeping track of network inventory
OAM&P (3)
• Maintenance – include functionalities
ensuring that the network and services
operate as they are supposed to
– Diagnosing, troubleshooting, repairing
• Provisioning – concern with proper setting of
configuration parameters on the network
TOM (1)
• Telecommunication Operation Map
• TOM distinguishes among three life cycle stages –
FAB (Fulfillment, Assurance, Billing)
• Fulfillment ensure that a service order that was
received is carried out
– Turning up any required equipment
– Performing configuration
– Reserving resources
TOM (2)
• Assurance – includes all activities ensuring
that a service run smoothly after it has been
fulfilled
– Monitoring service for QoS purposes
– Diagnosing any faults and repairing
• Billing – making sure that services provided
are accounted properly and can be billed to
the user