Transcript Management Functions and Reference Models

Management Functions and
Reference Models
W.lilakiatsakun
TMN Layer
• Telecommunication Management Network
• A set of standards by ITU (International
Telecommunication Union)
• It is a part of ITU Recommendation series
M.3000 series
• It is defined by ITU Recommendation
M.3010
Management Layer (1)
Business
Management
Service
Management
Network Management
Element Management
Network Element
TMN-layer: a management hierarchy reference model
Management layer (2)
• TMN (Telecommunication Management
Network)
– Network Element
– Element Management
– Network Management
– Service Management
– Business Management
Management layer (3)
• Network element
– It means “the management agent “
– It provides agent services, mapping the
physical aspects of the equipment into the
TMN framework.
Management layer (4)
• Element management
– This layer deals with vendor specific management
functions and hides these functions from the layer
above, the Network Management layer.
• Examples of functions performed at the Element
Management layer are:
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detection of equipment errors,
measuring power consumption,
measuring the temperature of equipment,
measuring the resources that are being used, like CPUtime, buffer space, queue length etc.,
– logging of statistical data,
– updating firmware.
Management layer (5)
• Network Management
– To manage the functions related to the interaction
between multiple pieces of equipment.
– Involves with keeping the network running as a whole
(end-to-end)
• Examples of functions performed at this layer are:
– creation of the complete network view,
– creation of dedicated paths through the network to
support the QoS demands of end users,
– modification of routing tables,
– monitoring of link utilization,
– optimizing network performance, and
– detection of faults.
Management layer (6)
• Service management
– The Service Management layer is concerned with
management of those aspects that may directly be
observed by the users of the telecommunication
network.
– These users may be end users (customers) but also
other service providers (administrations). Managing
the services that the network provides and ensuring
those services are running smoothly
Management layer (8)
• The notion of Service Management can be regarded as the
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most valuable contribution of TMN and other management
frameworks
Examples of functions performed at the Service
Management layer are:
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Quality of Service management (delay, loss, etc.),
Accounting,
Addition and removal of users,
Address assignment,
Maintenance of group addresses
• Ex. A customer orders a phone service , a number of
operations required
• Number allocation
• Company directory updating
• Testing and troubleshooting
Management layer (7)
• Business management
– It is responsible for the management of the whole
enterprise.
– It can better be related to strategical and tactical
management, instead of operational management, like
the other management layers of TMN.
– Examples
• Billing and invoicing
• Help desk management
• Business forecasting
• Etc ?
Reference Model (1)
• It can be used for guidance and helps
– To check a management system or operations
support infrastructure for completeness (most
important aspect)
– Categorize and group different functions
– To identify scenarios and use cases that need
to be collected and to recognize
interdependencies and interfaces between
different tasks
Reference Model (2)
• FCAPS – Fault, Configuration, Account,
Performance, Security
• OAM&P – Operation, Administration,
Maintenance and Provision
• eTOM (extended Telecom Operation
Maps) – FAB :Fulfillment – Assurance Billing
FCAPS (1)
• FCAPS is part of TMN model
– F : Fault management
– C : Configuration management
– A : Accounting management
– P : Performance management
– S : Security management
FCAPS (2)
Fault management (1)
• Deal with faults that occur in the network
– Equipment or software failure
– Communication services fails to work properly
• Functionality (not limited to)
– Network monitoring + alarm management +
advanced alarm processing function
– Fault diagnostic/ root cause analysis/ troubleshooting
– Maintaining historical alarm logs
– Trouble ticketing
– Proactive fault management
Fault management (2)
- Network monitoring
• Allow a network provider organization:
– To see whether the network is operating as expected
– To keep track of its current state
– To visualize the current state
• The most important aspect of network monitoring
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is alarm management
Alarm is an unsolicited messages from the
network indicate that some unexpected event has
occurred
– Link down
– Intrusion detected
Fault management (3)
- Basic Alarm Management Function
(1)
• Alarm management with basic function Ex.
– Collecting alarms
– maintaining accurate and current lists of
alarms (historical alarm data)
– Visualizing alarms and network state
• The most important task consists of
collecting alarms and making sure that
nothing important is missed
Fault management (4)
- Basic Alarm Management
Function (2)
Visualizing Alarm (a) Table list (b) Topology Map
Fault management (4)
- Basic Alarm Management
Function (3)
• Historical alarm data can be useful
– To resolve future problems faster by
recognizing patterns and recalling their past
resolution
– To establish trends, to see how alarm rates
and types of alarms reported have evolved
over time
Fault management (5)
- Advanced Alarm Management
Function(1)
• Alarm forwarding function – email, SMS
• Acknowledging function – allow network
operators to acknowledge alarms
– Trouble ticket
• The clearing of alarm – a second alarm to
indicate that the alarm condition no longer
exists
Fault management (6)
- Advanced Alarm Management
Function(2)
Fault management (7)
- Alarm and Event filtering (1)
• Filtering - To block out as many irrelevant or
less important event as possible or redundant
alarm
– Subscribe only needed alarms as specified by some
criteria
– Deduplication : discard the redundant alarms within a
time
• Correlation – To preprocess and aggregate data
from events and alarms distill it into more
concise and meaningful information
Fault management (8)
- Alarm and Event filtering (2)
Fault management (9)
-Fault diagnostic and
Troubleshooting (1)
• The analysis process that leads to a
diagnosis is often referred to as a root
cause analysis
• For example: Device Overheating
Fault management (10)
-Fault diagnostic and
Troubleshooting (2)
Fault management (11)
-Fault diagnostic and
Troubleshooting (3)
• Troubleshooting can involve simply
– retrieving additional monitoring data about a
device.
– Injecting some tests into a network or a device
• Loopback tests
• Ping / traceroute
Fault management (12)
-Proactive Fault management
• Most fault management is reactive
– Deal with faults after they have occurred
• Proactive fault management
– Taking a step to avoid failure conditions
before they occur
– Test network to detect deterioration in the
quality of service
– Alarm analysis that recognizes pattern of
alarms caused by minor faults that point to
bigger problems
Fault management (13)
-Trouble ticket
• The trouble ticket system helps keep track
of which trouble tickets are still
outstanding
• Trouble tickets are assigned to operator
who are responsible for resolving the
trouble ticket
• Not every alarm results in trouble ticket,
only when alarm conditions having impact
to deliver services or need human
intervention
Configuration Management (1)
• It includes the initial configuration of a device to
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bring it up as well as ongoing configuration
changes
Configuration management functions:
– Configuring Managed Resources
– Auditing the network and discovery what’s in it
– Synchronization management information in the
network
– Backing up network configuration and restoring
– Managing software images running on network
equipment
Configuration Management (2)
-Configuring Managed Resources
• This involves sending commands to
network equipment to change its
configuration settings
• It might involve only one device or many
devices.
Configuration Management (3)
-Auditing and discovery
• Auditing - To find out what actually has
been configured – read and check
• Reason to do (auto) Discovery
– Inventory records might not be accurate
– Changes might not always be recorded
– More efficient than to enter the information
into management app.
– etc
Configuration Management (3)
-Synchronization (1)
• Reconciliation
– The network is considered as the master of
information
– The information should reflect what is actually in the
network
Configuration Management (4)
-Synchronization (2)
• Reprovisioning
– The management system is the master of
management information
Configuration Management (5)
-Synchronization (3)
• Discrepancy reporting
– The decision of how to synchronize is made
by the user
Configuration Management (6)
-backup and restore
• In case of some catastrophic event, it
helps network operators brings the
network back to operation in a short
period of time
• For example
– Save in a file
– Setup a TFTp server
Configuration Management (7)
-Image Management
• How to keep track of software images are
installed on which network device
• How to deliver new images to those
devices without disrupting service
Accounting management (1)
• It is at the core of the economics of
providing communication services
• Accounting management needs to be
highly robust, highest availability and
reliability standard apply
• Account management is often associated
simply with billing
Accounting management (2)
• Account management can serve as an
additional feature of the service itself
– Billing information online
Performance management (1)
-Performance metrics (1)
• Throughput – units of communication per unit of
time
– Network layer – packets/sec
– Application layer – requests/sec
• Delay – unit of time
– Network layer – time that packet take to rach the
destination
• Quality – might different
– Network layer – percentage of packet dropped
– Application layer – percentage of request that could
not be serviced
Performance management (2)
-Monitoring and Tuning
• At basic level, to retrieve a snapshot of
the current performance
• For a more sophisticated analysis, to
observe over time
– Plot a histogram of some performance values
with a new sample taken every 5 minutes
Performance management (2)
-Collecting data
• Polling – a manager polls to agents
– Not scale
• Intelligent agent – agents can be set up to
do data collection
• Use protocol supported
– Netflow or IPFIX
Security Management (1)
• Security of Management
• Management of security
Security Management (1)
-Security of management
• Security of management deals with ensuring that
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management operations themselves are secured
Tasks to defend against threat:
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Assign access privileges
Require secure passwords
Passwords need to be changed at regular interval
Establish audit trail
Set up proper facilities for backup and restore
Security Management (1)
-Management of Security
• Common security threat – hacker attack, denial
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of service (DoS), malware, spam
Components of security management
– Intrusion detection system (IDS)
– Applying policy to limit or allow to only gradually
increase amount of traffic
– Capability to blacklist ports and network addresses at
which suspicious traffic patterns
– Honey pots to gather information about security
vulnerability
OAM&P (1)
• Operation, Administration, Maintenance
and Provisioning
• Operation – day-to-day running of the
network
– Cooridinating activities among administration,
maintenance and provisioning
– Monitoring the network to ensure it runs
properly
OAM&P (2)
• Administration – cover the support
functions that are required to manage the
network and do not involve performing
change
– Designing the network
– Tracking network usage
– Assigning addresses
– Keeping track of network inventory
OAM&P (3)
• Maintenance – include functionalities
ensuring that the network and services
operate as they are supposed to
– Diagnosing, troubleshooting, repairing
• Provisioning – concern with proper setting
of configuration parameters on the
network
TOM (1)
• Telecommunication Operation Map
• TOM distinguishes among three life cycle stages
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– FAB (Fulfillment, Assurance, Billing)
Fulfillment ensure that a service order that was
received is carried out
– Turning up any required equipment
– Performing configuration
– Reserving resources
TOM (2)
• Assurance – includes all activities ensuring
that a service run smoothly after it has
been fulfilled
– Monitoring service for QoS purposes
– Diagnosing any faults and repairing
• Billing – making sure that services
provided are accounted properly and can
be billed to the user