Transcript 組態管理 - Yen-Cheng Chen / 陳彥錚

組態管理
( Configuration Management)
陳彥錚 (Yen-Cheng Chen)
[email protected]
http://www.im.tj.mcu.edu.tw/~ycchen/
組態管理(CM)定義
 Configuration Management (CM)
 The process of finding and setting up
(configuring) network devices.
 CM identifies, exercises control over, collects
data from, and provides data to networked
systems.
組態管理實施步驟
 搜集目前網路組態相關資訊
 利用所搜集組態資訊，調整、改變網路設
備之組態。
 儲存組態資訊，隨時更新維護其正確性，
並可產生各式報表。
組態資訊之搜集
 人工方式
 遠端登入每一網路設備，讀取設備資訊，
將之記錄於文件、檔案、或資料庫中。
 維護不易。
 自動化方式
 利用網路管理通信協定(SNMP)經常性至
網路設備讀取設備資訊，自動儲存於檔案、
或資料庫中。
 自動搜尋功能(Autodiscovery)
Autodiscovery
 A method used by a network management
system to dynamically find the devices
attached to a data network.
 兩種常見方式
 1. 利用Ping及網管通信協定
 2. 利用網管通信協定
1. 利用Ping及網管通信協定
(1). Send out a query, such as ICMP Echo (ping)
to every possible address on the network.
(2). When a device answers the query, ask for
detailed information using network
management protocol (e.g. SNMP).
Autodiscovery 例子(一)
* Suppose the IP Address of NMS is 140.131.59.20 and
the network attached is a Class B network (i.e. netmask
is 255.255.0.0).
=> Possible Addresses: 140.131.0.1 ~ 140.131.255.254
* If there exists another network, e.g. 163.25.149.0,
interconnected with network 140.131.0.0, there exists a
router containing at least two interfaces with IP address
140.131.x.x and 163.25.149.x.
* Use SNMP to query the IP address table of the devices
found by Ping, we can get more information about the
existence of other networks and devices.
2. 利用網管通信協定
(1). Find one device on the network and query it
by NM protocol to discover all of the
devices it has communicated with recently.
(2). Repeatedly use NM protocol to query the
devices found previously.
Autodiscovery 例子(二)
* Suppose the IP Address of NMS is 140.131.59.20
and its default gateway is 140.131.59.254.
=>
* Use SNMP to query 140.131.59.20 itself or
140.131.59.254.
 ARP Cache, TCP/UDP Connection Table, IP
Address Table, Routing Table.
* Use SNMP to query the devices found in the
previous query.
Automapping
 A method used by an NMS to dynamically
produce a logical map of a data network.
網路圖示之狀態與顏色
Status Propagation
Compound Status
Default
Propagate Most Critical
Propagate At Threshold Values (0-100%)
% Warning
% Minor
% Major
% Critical
組態資訊之調整、改變
 Manual modification is not efficient.
 Automatic modification should be recorded
 NMS can verify the configuration change.
組態資訊之儲存
 Stored in a central location
 Consistency and Availability of configuration
data is important.
 CM data can be stored in ASCII Text Files or
DBMSs.
網管系統組態管理功能
 Provide for central storage of all network
information.
 Autodiscovery mechanism
 Automapping facility
 Automatic data acquisition
 Allow user to manually add additional
configuration information
 Search function
網管系統組態管理功能 (續)
 Automatically compare current and stored
configuration data.
 View running configuration graphically.
 Make configuration change.
 Centralized storage and easy retrieval of data.
 Configuration Event/Alarm.
 Graphical logical/physical view of devices
Configuration Alarms
網管系統組態管理功能 (續)
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The use of DBMS
Evaluate device configurations
Allow complex query of data in DBMS.
Produce inventory reports.
Provide simple query interface for critical
data.
作業二
 選定一網站，利用traceroute偵測，說明偵
測結果。
 自行選用traceroute工具 (Windows 98/NT、
UNIX、或老師提供之Web-Based工具)
 下次上課時交。
Traceroute
路由追蹤