Transcript presentation source

An Introduction
to Internet 2
Deke Kassabian
University of Pennsylvania
ISC Network Engineering
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What We’ll Cover



Part 1 - The Evolution of Internets
Part 2 - Internet 2 Applications
Part 3 - Internet 2 Engineering
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Section 1
The Evolution of
Internets
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The Internet in the USA



Tens of millions of computers
Multiple national backbones,
interconnected at NAPs
Many scaling and performance problems
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The vBNS



National ATM network at OC-3 (155 Mbps) and
OC-12 (622Mbps) bandwidths
Originally interconnected only 5 national Super
Computer Centers (SCCs)
NSF “High Performance Connections Program”
allows institutions with meritorious research
projects to have connections to the vBNS
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Network Evolution
Commodity
Experimental
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Mature, rapid
growth
Early Growth
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1970: The Arpanet
The ARPANET
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1980s: Transition to NSFNet
Birth of the regionals
(NEARnet, NYSERnet,
PREPnet, SURAnet, others)
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Early 1990s:
Transition to commercial backbone
Regionals plus the
NSFNET Backbone.
Major carriers building.
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1995: The Commodity Internet
Commercial carriers
with exchange points (NAPs).
No government
backbone
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1996: The vBNS
The vBNS
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Right Now: Internet 2
Internet 2
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Why an Internet 2

Develop a next-generation Internet for
research and education that is designed
to support multimedia services and very
large (global) scope.
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Internet 2 Organization

National effort started in 1996 and
organized by EDUCOM

Participation by 100 or so top universities
and national research labs

Two large and well organized efforts:
Applications and Engineering

Funded mostly by participants, partly by the
US government
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Applications
Enable
Motivate
Coordinated Activities
Engineering
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Section 2
Internet 2
Applications
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Today’s Applications
Telnet (Remote Terminal)
Electronic Mail
USENET News
Web Browsing
File Transfer
Remote File Systems
GUIs (including X)
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Today’s Applications
Telnet (Remote Terminal)
Electronic Mail
Bandwidth Required:
Low to Moderate
USENET News
Web Browsing
File Transfer
Delay Tolerance:
Moderate to High
Remote File Systems
GUIs (including X)
Jitter Tolerance:
Moderate to High
Today’s “Best Effort” Network is adequate
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Tomorrow’s Applications
Non realtime A/V playback
Internet Telephony
N-way video conferencing
Telemedicine
“The Cave”
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The CAVE
A surround-screen, surround-sound,
projection-based virtual reality system
Networking multiple CAVEs together is
very demanding of network resources
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Tomorrow’s Applications
Bandwidth Required:
High to Very High
Non realtime A/V playback
Internet Telephony
N-way video conferencing
Telemedicine
“The Cave”
Delay Tolerance:
Low to Moderate
Jitter Tolerance:
Low to Moderate
Today’s “Best Effort” Network is NOT adequate
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Requirements for Tomorrow’s
Applications
Minimizing Delay
 Minimizing Jitter
 Handling of large objects
 Managing resource
schedules
 Managing demand

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We need a QoS network!
A QoS network is a network in
which such requirements can be
met by requesting certain quality
features of the network.
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Section 3
Internet 2 Engineering
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Internet 2 Technology:
Advanced Devices

Devices that can partition bandwidth

Devices that can classify and/or expedite traffic
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Reserved Bandwidth
Video Traffic
500 Mbps
Audio Traffic
300 Mbps
1 Gbps
All “Best Effort”
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Expedited Traffic
Not possible with many network devices
today.
Video
Audio
File Xfer
Email
Network
Forwarding
Device
“Best effort” traffic arrives ahead of
time sensitive traffic.
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Expedited Traffic
Not possible with many network devices
today.
Network
Forwarding
Device
Video
Audio
File Xfer
Email
“Best effort” traffic is forwarded
ahead of time sensitive traffic.
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Expedited Traffic
“Traffic Classifiers” enable successful
handling of time sensitive traffic.
Video
Audio
File Xfer
Email
Traffic
Traffic
Clasifier
Clasifier
Mult.
queues
Traffic Classifier
“Best effort” traffic arrives ahead of
time sensitive traffic.
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Expedited Traffic
“Traffic Classifiers” enable successful
handling of time sensitive traffic.
Traffic
Traffic
Clasifier
Clasifier
Mult.
queues
File Xfer Video
Email Audio
Traffic Classifier
“Best effort” traffic is delayed in
favor of time sensitive traffic.
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Internet 2 Technology:
Protocols

RSVP is the IP Resource Reservation Protocol

IPv6 is the “Next Generation” of IP and allows
for very large address space, greatly enhanced
routing summary, and QoS specification of IP
network flows
RSVP and IPv6 might never be deployed in the
“Commodity Internet” without first testing in a
network like Internet 2
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Internet 2 Technology:
Gigapops

Aggregation points for vBNS/Internet 2 sites.

Very high availability operations with
redundant/diverse fiber paths, 24 hour manned
operation.

Very high bandwidth devices - gigabit routers and
switches.

Connections to Internet 2 backbone, vBNS, other
Internet 2 members. Other connections to subscriber
sites and to Commodity Internet services.
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I2 Concept Diagram
Cornell
UC System
Gigapop
PSC
Gigapop
vBNS
Gigapop
Penn State
Internet 2
USC
Harvard
MIT
Gigapop
Gigapop
Commodity
Internet
Yale
Rutgers
Princeton
San Diego SCC
Gigapop
Penn
Delaware
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For more information....

The Internet 2 web site is at
» <URL:http://www.internet2.edu>

Penn’s Internet 2 web pages are at
» <URL:http://www.upenn.edu/computing/i2/>
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