Transcript Protocol - Pearson

Educational Leadership and Planning for
Technology
Chapter 7 – Data Communications, the Internet, and
Educational Applications
Dr. Anthony G. Picciano
PowerPoint Outline
• Data Communications in Schools
Simple Local Area Network
Wide Area Network
• The Internet
• The World Wide Web
• Protocols and Client Servers
• Applications on the Internet
• Multimedia and the Web
• The Internet and Education
Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
Data Communications in Schools
Data communications are the methods and media used to
transfer data from one computer device to another.
Communications can refer to
• local area networks
• wide area networks
• the “network” of all networks (the Internet)
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Simple Local Area Network
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Wide Area Networks
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The Internet
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The Internet
The Internet is an international computer network
consisting of hundreds of thousands of smaller
networks that link schools, colleges, government
agencies, research organizations, and private
businesses through satellites and other high-speed
data communications facilities.
Through the Internet, users can transfer and receive
data by integrating communications, media, and
computer technology in one common, world-wide
network.
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The Internet
History – Its roots go back to the U.S. Department of Defense in the
1960s.
Present – The number of Internet users doubles every 5 to 6 months.
The Future – Although attempts have been made to impose rules and
regulations on the Internet, it currently has few rules and little formal
administration.
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The World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is a software system that
introduced hypertext and multimedia capabilities
to the Internet.
The Web originated in the early 1990s at CERN,
the European Laboratory for Particle Physics in
Switzerland.
It was designed to provide hypertext and full
multimedia support in a relatively easy-to-use
language for physicists and other scientists
using the Internet.
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Protocols and Client Servers
Protocol means the rules, procedures, or
standards that are used in exchanging data in a
data communications system.
The Internet established a standard protocol for all
its activity called transmission control protocol/
Internet protocol (TCP/IP).
The World Wide Web’s data transfer method
(or protocol), called hypertext transfer
protocol (http). Http was designed to run “over”
(in conjunction with) the TCP/IP, the standard
Internet protocol.
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Protocols and Client Servers
In a client server model, computers essentially
perform two major functions:
1. The client (or end-user function) makes a
request (or query) to a server for data.
2. The server function is performed by one of
many computers sharing network control. The
server processes the request and returns the
results to the client.
Many computers, not just one, can function as
servers and can locate data on a network.
Furthermore, servers can forward requests to
other servers and create a chain reaction to
process the original client’s request for data.
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Applications on the Internet
• Global E-mail
• Discussion Groups
• Live Conferencing
• File Transfer
• Information Navigation
• Information Dissemination
• Other (social, entertainment, news, commerce)
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Multimedia and the Web
Most educational applications on the World Wide Web
rely extensively on text (such as e-mail, discussion
groups, or bulletin boards) for instruction and
communication.
But now multimedia applications on the Web (audio and
video) are becoming more commonplace.
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Multimedia and the Web
There are five levels of digital media:
1. Text (letters of the alphabet, numbers, special characters) are handled very
efficiently in any digital form, whether on stand-alone or networked computers, or the
Internet.
2. Still images and photographs are also handled well in digital format.
3. Animations are “still” images to which motion has been added. Techniques for
digital animation grew considerably in the 1990s.
4. Digital audio and sound files without images are becoming easier to develop.
5. Full-motion video is defined as thirty frames of “still” images per second,
accompanied by a sound track. Playing digital video on a stand-alone or a locally
networked computer works well. Although streaming technologies are also being used
with video on the Web, “streaming” needs further development to be effective for those
applications that require high quality.
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The Internet and Education
In developing Internet applications for education,
administrators should consider how to integrate the
Internet with other data communications facilities in
a school district. Examples of education
applications using Internet technology include
Global E-mail Activities (such as sharing news
reports, weather reports, survey research, group
problem solving)
Information Navigation (Webquests)
Creating Web Sites
Course Management Systems (CMS)
Distance Learning
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Questions and Comments
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