Transcript Chapter 4

Chapter Overview
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Network Operating Systems
Network Clients
Directory Services
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Windows Operating Systems
MS-DOS–Based Kernel
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Microsoft Windows
Workgroups
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows
for
95
98
Me
Windows NT–Based
Kernel
 Microsoft Windows NT
 Microsoft Windows
2000
 Microsoft Windows XP
Professional
 Microsoft Windows .NET
Server
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Microsoft Windows NT
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First released in 1993
Provides preemptive multitasking
Integrates networking into the operating
system
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Windows NT/Windows 2000 Versions
Windows NT
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Workstation
Server
Windows 2000
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Professional
Server
Advanced Server
Datacenter Server
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FAT File System
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The file allocation table (FAT) is compatible
with MS-DOS–based operating systems.
The original version (FAT16) supports drives
up to 2 GB only.
FAT32 supports drives of virtually any size.
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NT File System (NTFS)
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Supports larger files and drives than FAT does
Provides increased security
Supported by Windows NT and Windows
2000
Not supported by MS-DOS–based operating
systems
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Windows NT/Windows 2000
Mandatory Networking Services
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Server
Workstation
Computer Browser
Messenger
Alerter
Netlogon
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Windows NT/Windows 2000 Optional
Networking Services
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Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)
Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)
Domain Name System (DNS) Server
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Server
Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS)
Distributed file system (Dfs)
Microsoft Cluster Server
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Novell NetWare
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First commercially successful network
operating system
Former market leader
Pure client/server operating system
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NetWare Versions
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3.2: final bindery version
6.0: latest Novell Directory Services (NDS)
version
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Comparison of Operating System
Design Objectives
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Novell NetWare was originally designed to
provide file and print services.
UNIX was designed to provide application
services.
Microsoft Windows was designed to provide
both application services and file and print
services.
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NetWare File System
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Uses name space modules to support native
client file systems
Provides individual file and folder security
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NetWare Protocols
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Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)
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Proprietary
Supported by all NetWare versions
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP)
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Limited support in NetWare 4.x
Native support added to version 5.0 and later
versions
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UNIX Variants
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UNIX System V
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) UNIX
Sun Solaris
Linux
Hardware-specific UNIX variants
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UNIX Characteristics
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Peer-to-peer operating system
Character-based interface
Uses TCP/IP
Designed primarily as an application server
Runs on various processors
Based on the open source software concept
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Original Macintosh Networking
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Built-in network interface adapter
Proprietary AppleTalk protocols
AppleShare file and print services
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Current Macintosh Networking
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Uses EtherTalk and TokenTalk
Uses TCP/IP
Usually used on all-Macintosh networks
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Network Clients and Client Types
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A client is a software component that enables
a computer to access server resources.
The client types are
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Client applications
Client modules
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Client Applications
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Separate programs that communicate with a
server in the network
Examples:
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Web browsers
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) clients
E-mail clients
Newsreaders
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Client Modules
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Integrated into an operating system
Provide other applications with access to
server resources
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Windows Networking Stack
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Redirectors
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A redirector is an operating system
component that forwards resource requests
generated by an application to a network
server.
Windows can run multiple client redirectors
simultaneously.
Multiple redirectors can use different
protocols.
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Using Multiple Redirectors
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Gateway Service for NetWare
(GSNW)
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Included with Windows 2000 and
Windows NT Server
Provides basic NetWare connectivity
Must be used with NWLink
Functions as a gateway that enables
computers running Windows without
NetWare clients to access NetWare
resources
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Novell Clients for Windows
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Included with Novell NetWare
Offers the following versions:
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Novell Client for DOS/Windows
Novell Client for Windows 95/Windows
98/Windows Me
Novell Client for Windows NT/Windows 2000
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Novell Clients for Windows (Cont.)
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Use Novell’s IPX, not NWLink
Can use Open Data-link Interface (ODI) or
Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS)
network adapter drivers
Can run NetWare Administrator
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Macintosh Connectivity Tools
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Microsoft Services for Macintosh
Novell Client for MacOS
Novell Native File Access for Macintosh
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UNIX Client Capabilities
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Includes TCP/IP client programs
Requires additional products for client file
system access
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Directory Service Types
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Flat file
Hierarchical
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NetWare Bindery
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Used by NetWare version 3.2 and earlier
Database of user and group accounts for a
single NetWare server
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Novell Directory Services
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Introduced in NetWare 4.0
Originally called NetWare Directory Services
Consists of objects arranged in a hierarchical
structure
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NDS Hierarchy
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NDS Objects and Object Types
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Objects are logical entities composed of units
of data called properties.
There are two types of objects:
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Container objects. Organizational objects that can
hold other containers or leaves
Leaf objects. Objects that represent network
resources
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Windows NT Domains
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Flat file directory database
Not server specific
Stored on domain controllers
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Windows NT Domain Controllers
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Primary Domain Controller (PDC). Contains
master copy of directory database
Backup Domain Controller (BDC). Contains
replicas of the master directory database
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Single Master Replication
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Active Directory Hierarchy
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Introduced in Windows 2000 Server
Hierarchical directory service based on
Windows NT domains
Expands the domain concept into the
enterprise
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Domains can be grouped into trees.
Trees can be grouped into forests.
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Multiple Master Replication
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Chapter Summary
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The Windows NT, Windows 2000, and UNIX operating systems
include both server and client functionality.
Novell NetWare is strictly a client/server network operating
system.
Windows NT and Windows 2000 were designed to provide
application services and file and print services.
A client is a software component that enables a computer to
access server resources.
Client types include client applications and client modules.
A directory service is a centralized database of user accounts
and other information that administrators use to control access
to shared network resources.
Active Directory replicates changes to the data on any domain
controller to all of the other domain controllers on the network.
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