Transcript Network Operating Systems (1)

Chapter 8: Objectives
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Explain how to use a server in a home or
office network
Install a server
Set up a server
Manage and monitor a server
Design a server-based office network
Using a Server in an Office Network
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A number of advantages
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More powerful resource sharing with less delays
Enables central management of resources
Offers strong security for shared resources
Brings better organization to users and resources
Manage distributed access of data files and databases
More networking tools available than a workstation
Activity 8-2: Starting a Computer’s
BIOS Setup Program
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Time Required: 15 minutes
Objective: Open the BIOS setup program on a
computer.
Description: Start the BIOS setup program so that
you know where to set the disk boot priority on a
computer. If your computer does not display a key
combination for the BIOS setup on the first screens
presented, you may have to consult the user's
manual. Before starting, save any work and shut
down your computer.
Monitoring Users with the who and
finger Commands
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who command: monitors who is logged in
Useful options for who command
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am i for information about your own session
whoami to see what account you are using
-H to show column headings
-u to show idle time for each user
-q for a quick list and total of users logged in
-b to verify when the system was last booted
finger command: for display of users on a
system
Network Operating Systems
Functions of the NOS
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Provide network communication
Manage network resources
Control access
Provide internetworking
Provide management and end-user
utilities
Provide Network Communication
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Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Peer-to-peer connectivity
Server-Centric
3 logins (3 IDs, Passwords)
Server 1
Server 3
Server 2
Client
Network-Centric
Server 1
1 login (1 ID, Password)
Server 3
Server 2
Client
Network-Centric Benefits
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Easier to manage
Easier for end-user
Scalable
Often logical resource definitions
All serv ices deliv ered seamlessly across multiple serv er platf orms regardless of ins
network operating sy stem
Traditional Requirements
FILE
SERVICES
PRINTER
SERVICES
Emerging Requirements
APPLICATION
SERVICES
DIRECTORY
SERVICES
INTEGRATION/MIGRATION
SERVICES
Database back-end
Global directory or naming Allow multiple dif f erent
engines
serv ices
client network operating
Messaging/communication All network objects def inedsy stems to transparently
back-end engines
in single location and
interoperate with multiple,
shared by all applications dif f erent serv er network
SUPPORT FOR:
Directory inf ormation is
operating sy stems
32 bit sy mmetrical multi- stored in replicated,
Prov ide easy -to-implement
processing
distributed databases f or paths f or upgrades to
Pre-emptiv e multi-tasking reliability , redundancy ,
more recent v ersions or
Applications run in
f ault tolerance
migration to dif f erent
protected memory mode
network operating sy stems
Multithreading
GOLDMAN: DATACOMM
FIG. 07-04
Required Services of Network Operating Systems: Traditional vs. Emerging
Novell NetWare 4.x
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Network-centric
NetWare Directory Service (NDS)
replaces bindery
Object hierarchy
Distributed database
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Configuration information independent of
server
Netware Directory Services
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NetWare 4.x contains a global database
called the NetWare Directory Service (NDS).
Users may now view resources that are
available from any servers as though they
were being presented by a single source.
Services are listed in organized in the
database in a hierarchical matter much like
the company's organizational chart.
NDS Containers
NDS Objects
NetWare Directory Services
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Logical object represent real objects
Each object stored in database
Objects organized hierarchically
Objects have properties
Rights Inheritance
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Another powerful feature of NDS is rights
inheritance. Inheritance means that rights
"flow down" to all containers in the NDS tree.
This allows you to grant NDS rights with very
few rights assignments. For example,
suppose you want to grant management
rights to the NDS objects shown below:
Rights Inheritance
Rights Inheritance
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You could make any of the following
assignments:
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If you grant a user rights to Allentown, the
user can only manage objects in the
Allentown container.
If you grant a user rights to East, the user
can manage objects in the East, Allentown,
and Yorktown containers.
If you grant a user rights to YourCo, the
user can manage any objects in any of the
containers shown.
Drive Mapping
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Client
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Network Neighborhood
NWCLIENT
AUTOEXEC.BAT
Login script
Map command
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MAP [params] drive: = path
ex.: map f: = sys:users
MAP
MAP /?
OSI Layers and NT
Trusted Domains
trusting
trusted
Domain
A
Domain
B
Domain
A
Domain
B
- Single logon
- “Assistant” admins
- users and groups managed
on trusted
- trusting manages resources
- splitting users can improve
performance
- many configurations
possible
Win2000 Version
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Standard Edition
4
4G
Advanced Server
8
8G
Data Center Server
16 32G
“The mainstream business server”
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“A more powerful mid-range server”
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“The most powerful and functional server”
UNIX Client
User Presentation
X-Windows
UNIX Server
Front-End Client Applications
Back-End Serv er Applications
Network Aware File Sy stem
NFS
Network Aware File Sy stem
NFS
Network Communications Protocols
TCP/IP
Network Communications Protocols
TCP/IP
Operating Sy stem
UNIX
Hardware
Operating Sy stem
UNIX
TCP/IP
Hardware
GOLDMAN: DATACOMM
FIG. 07-17
Figure 7-17 UNIX, TCP/IP, and NFS as a Network Operating System
UNIX File System
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The UNIX file system enables support
for multiple file systems on the same
disk by dividing the disk into multiples
slices (partitions).
Each disk has a single root.
File systems in both NetWare and
Windows NT follow this model.
/
(root)
bin
dev
Absolute path to
f ile LAN in
subdirectory jim:
/user/jim/LAN
Relative path to
the same f ile if
subdirectory jim
were the current
directory :
jim/LAN
etc
jim
user
susan
tmp
eric
lib
grant
KEY
subdirectory
f ile
LAN
DLAN
link
GOLDMAN: DATACOMM
FIG. 07-19
Figure 7-19 UNIX File System
Global vs. Domain Directory Services
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Global directory services (NetWare’s NDS)
organize all network and user resource data into a
single hierarchical database. This provides a single
point of user and resource management. It may be
distributed and replicated; all servers can see all
parts of the hierarchy.
Domain directory services (Windows NT Server)
see the network as a series of linked subdivisions
known as domains. Domain delivery services
associate network users and resources with a primary
server (PDC); each domain’s directory must be
individually established and maintained.