Transcript 9. 13th c. Europe

Medieval Europe
The 13th Century
Overview
 1202: pope Innocent III claims extensive papal power
 1204: Constantinople looted by Crusaders
 Fourth Crusade
 1209: Francis of Assisi founds the Franciscan religious
order
 1212: Iberian Muslims crushed in Spanish Crusade
 1215:
 English king John seals the Magna Carta
 Fourth Lateran Council meets in Rome
 1217: Dominic’s order of wandering preachers, the Friars
Preacher (aka “Dominicans”) given papal recognition
Overview (cont.)
 1227: Ulrich von Lichtenstein’s Venusfahrt
 1241: beginning of the Hanseatic League
 1250: death of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen
 Stupor Mundi
 1255: the Church approved use of torture in the hunt
for heretics
 c. 1280: Marco Polo at the Great Khan’s court
 c. 1290: the invention of spectacles
 in Italy
Pope Innocent III
 R. 1198-1216
 The most powerful of the
medieval popes
 well educated in both canon
law and theology
 the dominant figure in
Europe during his papacy
Francis of Assisi
 1182-1226
 Founder of the Franciscan Order and one of the most honored
saints of the Catholic faith
 Below: trying to convert the Egyptian sultan
St. Francis (cont.)
 The patron saint of ecology
The Franciscans
 The order was founded in 1209
by St. Francis
 Poverty and the Regula primitiva
 “primitive rule”
 c. 1300: violent disputes
between the Spirituals and the
Conventuals
St. Dominic
 1170-1221
 Founder of the Order of Friars
Preachers
 the “Dominicans”
 express purpose: to preach
against and otherwise combat
heresy
 right: Dominic oversees the
burning of unacceptable books
Dominican friars
 Like the Franciscans, they sought to challenge the
wealth and laxity of the older monastic orders
The Courtly Lover
 Below: the remarkable Ulrich von
Lichtenstein
Stupor Mundi
 Emperor Frederick II of
Hohenstaufen
 1194-1250
 De arte venandi cum avibus
The great dispute
 Right: a representation of God
with the pope and the emperor
 Whose authority is hereby
greatest?