Transcript plenary-wap-00mar

WAP Forum
Wireless Application Protocol
Overview
Owen Sullivan
Worldzap
Agenda
Development of WAP
Protocol Layers
Wireless Application Environment
Security and Smart Cards
Convergence with IETF protocols
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
State of industry in 1997
Technologies were in use to allow handheld
mobile devices access to network based
content, but were incompatible
 Smart Messaging; HDML, Narrowband sockets, Others ...
WAP Forum was created to provide a single
global standard for wireless data access for all
handheld mobile devices
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Initial goals of the WAP Forum
Bring Internet based content & services to handheld
wireless devices
Work across global network technologies
Allow creation of content that works across many
types of link layers and device types
To use existing standards wherever possible
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
What devices is WAP designed
for?
Includes mobile phones, pagers, PDAs
Devices with limited CPU, memory & battery life
Devices with a simple user interface
Low bandwidth & high latency environments
Unpredictable availability & stability
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
High level view of WAP
Architecture
Web Server
WAP Gateway
WML
WML Encoder
WMLScript
WSP/WTP
WMLScript
Compiler
HTTP
CGI, Java
servlets, etc
WTAI
Protocol Adapters
Etc.
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Content
WML content or
HTML content that
gets translated
Client
Link layer technologies
supported by WAP
GSM: SMS, Circuit Switched Data, GPRS,
USSD, Cell Broadcast
 ANSI-136: R-Data, Circuit Switched Data,
GPRS-136
 CDMA: SMS, Circuit Switched Data, Packet
 PDC & PHS: Circuit Switched Data, Packet
 CDPD; DECT; TETRA; Mobitex
 FLEX and ReFLEX; DataTAC
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
WAP Protocols
Wireless Application
Environment (WAE)
Other Services and
Applications
Session Layer (WSP)
Transaction Layer (WTP)
Security Layer (WTLS)
Transport Layer (WDP)
SMS
Circuit Switched
Data
USSD
GPRS
CDPD Flex
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Etc..
Wireless Datagram Protocol
Provides a network and bearer independent
interface to higher layers
Provides port level addressing
Provides segmentation and reassembly
For link layers that support IP, UDP is used as
the Wireless Datagram Protocol layer
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Wireless Transaction Protocol
Provides efficient, reliable data transfer based
on request/reply paradigm
Supports selective-retransmission
Supports segmentation and re-assembly
Message oriented (not stream)
Supports an Abort function
Supports concatenation of PDUs
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Wireless Session Protocol
Provides shared state between client and server
used to optimize content transfer
Provides semantics and mechanisms based on
HTTP 1.1
Supports compact encoding of headers
Supports push functionality
Supports capability negotiation
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Standard Message Center
Adaptation Protocol
WAP
Proxy/Server
Mobile
WAE
WAE
WSP
WSP
WTP
Message
Center
WTP
WTLS
WTLS
WDP
WDP
Non-IP bearer
(e.g. SMS)
WDP Adaptation utilises SMPP,
industry standard for Message
Center access
Non-IP bearer
(e.g. SMS)
WDP Adaptation
WDP Adaptation
TCP
TCP
IP
IP
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
WAP application environment
WML- XML compliant mark-up language
WMLScript - ECMAScript based scripting
language
WAP Push mechanism
User Agent profiles
WTA - WAP telephony services
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
WML Example
Navigatio
n
Variables
Input
Elements
<WML>
<CARD>
<DO TYPE=“ACCEPT”>
<GO URL=“#eCard”/>
</DO
Welcome!
</CARD>
<CARD NAME=“eCard”>
<DO TYPE=“ACCEPT”>
<GO URL=“/submit?N=$(N)&S=$(S)”/>
</DO>
Enter name: <INPUT KEY=“N”/>
Choose speed:
<SELECT KEY=“S”>
<OPTION VALUE=“0”>Fast</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE=“1”>Slow</OPTION>
<SELECT>
</CARD>
</WML>
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Card
Deck
Wireless Telephony Applications
Placing an outgoing call with WTAI:
WTAI Call
Input Element
<WML>
<CARD>
<DO TYPE=“ACCEPT”>
<GO URL=“wtai:cc/mc;$(N)”/>
</DO>
Enter phone number:
<INPUT TYPE=“TEXT” KEY=“N”/>
</CARD>
</WML>
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
WMLScript Example
Functions
Variables
Programming
Constructs
function currencyConvertor(currency, exchRate) {
return currency*exchangeRate;
}
function myDay(sunShines) {
var myDay;
if (sunShines) {
myDay = “Good”;
} else {
myDay = “Not so good”;
};
return myDay;
}
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
WAP Security
Transport level security is WTLS, based on TLS.
Provides privacy, integrity, authentication
End-to-end security mechanism defined at the
transport layer
Application layer security provided via
WMLScript crypto library
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
WAP and Smart Cards
WAP supports use of Smart Cards to enhance
security
Wireless Identity Module specification supports
performing security functions & storage of
sensitive data
Smart Card Provisioning specification defines a
file structure for secure storage of provisioning
data
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
WAP’s current status
WAP Forum has 200+ members including
 90% of world’s handset manufacturers
 Carriers with over 100 million subscribers
 Leading infrastructure providers, software developers &
content providers
WAP v1.2 specification suite approved Dec 99
Commercial services now widely deployed
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Changing marketplace
High speed 2.5G technologies - GPRS, EDGE
3G technologies being developed with data
rates of up to 2Mbps
Multimedia capable devices being developed
Demand for richer content - high quality
graphics, audio, video
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
WAP next generation
WAP Architecture Convergence group working
to ensure WAP’s architecture converges with
the IETF and other protocols
WPG reviewing the output from the IETF PILC
group with a goal of incorporating TCP into the
WAP stack
WAP continually evolving to ensure compatibility
with emerging technologies
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
WAP Forum
www.wapforum.org
Thank you!