Transcript internet-history

Draft
Internet History - Japan
Aug. 28, 2003
Kazunori Konishi
2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting
Objectives
(1) Recording of the Pioneers’ efforts
(2) Study on technical trend for investing the
resources.
(3) Lessons Learned from the History for the
new problems; human nature will not change,
though political or technical environments
might face the big changes. =>> “Grass roots
activities” should be based on human
nature; ex. AP* activities.
2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting
Big Picture in Japan
Network/
Protocol
1970 Original
Equipment Open
RFC
/Device
Source
Carrier
(intel CPU)
monopoly
Protocol
1980 OSI,
OSI,
UUCP GW
UUCP => IP
1990 Commercial, LaptopPC,
APAN, IPv6
2000 Lambda
network
i-mode
HDTV
ALTQ
IPv6
DVTS
Char Sets,
Sticked to,
MPLS, HDLC but finally
over SONET, gave up
OSI
FAX
RTP-MPEG4,
RTP-DV,
Wireless
2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting
Over
provision
History of International Networks
aloha
uucp
net
bitnet wide
sinet
apan
future
year
1980
1985
1989
1992
1998
2004?
JP
tohoku
kddlab sut
-u
keio
nii
jst/sta
Gov/WI
DE
US
hawaii
iu/nsf
Gov/Do
nation
circuit
NASA/
kddlab ibm
kdd
comm
ents
req by
mpt
1985
seism
o
volunt
eer
cuny
1st
leased
circuit
hawaii/
sprint
nsf
jp/us
gov/Do
nation
compa
nies
monbu jp/us
/gov
gov
OSI by
gov
compu 1st
10G
ter
transit
lambda
centers service
2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting
ALOHAnet(1980)
• Lead by Professor Norman Abramson
@ U-Hawaii : origin of Ethernet
• Coordinated at Pacific Telecommunications Council(PTC)
• Professor Oizumi @ Tohoku-U joined the
network.
• NASA(KDD) donated the satellite circuit,
recommended by MPT
• KDD was rich, with the monopoly & high cost of
the services.
2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting
UUCPnet/Usenet(1985)
• Operated by KDD Labs. on a volunteer basis.
• PSTN & PSDN were used.
• The partners became commercialized later on:
UUnet, Eunet.
• “Membership” allowed the operation over the
public networks, without any license.
• Limited resources were allocated, because OSI
was promising in those days.
2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting
BITNET(1985)
• IBM donated the circuit & equipments,
promoting SNA.
• Science University of Tokyo(SUT)
organized private universities.
• The US power enabled to use the leased
circuit without any license.
2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting
WIDE(1989)
• Jun Murai organized the large number
of engineers at commercial companies
& universities. (Murai had organized
UUCP domestic network “JUNET”)
• U-Hawaii’s PACCOM project organized AP
regional networks.
• Governments were still persistent in OSI,
though they knew OSI was being defeated.
(US Gov. also declared the adoption of OSI
products)
• Industries & Universities required the “illegal?”
activities of WIDE.
2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting
SINET(1992)
• Government was forced to adopt TCP/IP in
addition to OSI.
• OSI was the primary protocol for a while.
• The big budget enabled the large membership.
• A Ministry can use the leased circuit without any
license; not hierarchy among governments.
• Government is not so flexible.
2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting
3
AI Network (1995)
2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting
APAN(1998)
• NSF required the transit services
over TransPAC link.
• The owners of point-to-point links
started the collaborated operations.
• AP Regional networks were developed
with a hub in Tokyo.
• The institutions with advanced research
projects are allowed to use TransPAC
link.
2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting
Over Provisioning of the bandwidth
Cable in Asia
Bandwidth
Wide
C2C
7.68 Tbps
Owners
SingTel
APCN2
2.56 Tbps
Many carriers
EAC
2.56 Tbps
China Netcom
Demand in Asia is roughly 10 Gbps now.
Issue: How can we bridge the gap? Healthy business
of telecom carriers should be protected.
2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting
Number of RFCs by Japanese
Year
Number
1993
2
1994
0
1995
1
1996
1
1997
10
1998
3
1999
0
2000
8
2001
12
2001
6
2003
5
2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting