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Computer Science 502 Objectives and Main Areas of Coverage • Basic Concepts • OSI • Analysis of Networks • Client-servers Basic Concepts Communication is fundamentally complicated. transmitter MEDIUM I told you before! I didn’t understand. receiver Consider the Problems of Human Communication Computers Have Many of the Same Problems! • Receiver is unable to understand the message • Transmitter speaks when receiver not ready • Receiver doesn’t understand the message – not the type of message expected – not the right language – speaks too fast/slow • etc. Principles Apply At Many Levels On a computer motherboard CPU Memory Main Memory (Main Bus) Video Card Sound Card Disk Drive Between Devices on a computer Between computers on a network Between Computers on Different Networks Distinguishing Problems 1. Direct Communication •Person to Person •Computer to Computer (serial cable) 2. Network Communication •Two Machines Interconnected with others 3. InterNetwork Communication •Networks Connected What are the problems to address? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Is the other computer ready? How does it know I’m sending data? How does it know the begin/end of my message? What if an error occurs? How does the other computer know? What if I send too fast? How do I know when the other computer recovers? NONE ARE NETWORKING PROBLEMS A B C How Does it Know Which One? A Network Concern! A B D C E F How Do We Know If It Is On THIS Network? An INTERNetworking Problem! Basic Principles • • • • • • • Synchronization (beginning and ending) Timing (rates of transmission / flow control) Encoding Error detection and correction Identification Routing Efficiency Complexity of Material • Those without experience are NOT at a serious disadvantage • No single element is overwhelming • Proper integration of components is extremely difficult • A framework for building an understanding is critical like a foundation for building a house Principles Repeat • Many issues occur in a number of places • Understanding it once can be leveraged into the understanding of numerous features • Keep these issues at the forefront of learning • Many of your experiences will be similar but the wrong one. Be careful. Ask questions. • OSI model is not only a tool for design but a tool for organizing understanding OSI Model What is the OSI model? • A framework for design presented by International Standards Organization (ISO) • A classical study of layered design • A framework for LEARNING how the process of computer communication works • Ultimate objective is to let any two PROGRAMS on any two COMPUTERS in the world talk to one another. Evaluating Network Performance Performance • Evaluation of network performance has two foci – Using mathematical tools/analysis to solve general problems • Limited use of statistics and calculus – Using simulation tools to understand more complex problems • Use of a network simulation software package • Free to students • Opnet • Simulation will be a major project Client Server Software Developing Network Systems • Significant % of current development is client–server based. • How to develop clients and servers – Development with java/c++ – Major project • Intro to other techniques – CGIs with php or javascript – J2EE and .NET