Transcript Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul Networks

Migrating the Core
The Evolution of the Backhaul Network
to Enable Wireless Data Services
©2009 Fujitsu Network Communications
This is Me
Jim Orr
Market Development Director
Fujitsu Network Communications
Responsible for Business and Market Development for wireless technologies in
North America.
Many years in the CLEC industry deploying metropolitan fiber networks.
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Backhaul – The Boring Part
 Backhaul
is a necessary evil
 Enables
revenue, but does not
create new revenue (adds to CCPU)
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Backhaul – There is Not One Answer
 Wireless,
optical and copper
 LECs,
CLECs, Cable Cos, Power
Companies, etc.
 If
you as me about a technology, the
answer is probably “yes” at least
somewhere
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Agenda

Part 1 – There is a Network Already Today



Part 2 – The Network Demand is Changing





Towers exist and have backhaul in place
Physical connectivity exists from tower to MSC
Network usage is skyrocketing
Carriers must enable new revenue streams and services
4G Network Architecture is based on packets
4G Core Network Architecture is Distributed
Part 3 – Connection Oriented Ethernet Evolves the Network





What is Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE) ?
Mobile backhaul technology migration
COE Attributes addressing MBH network requirements
Fujitsu Packet Optical Networking Solution for MBH
Summary
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Mobile Broadband:
The Operator’s Experience to Date
• Strong growth in wireless messaging
and data revenue
- AT&T and VZW reported ~$3bn in data
revenues in Q408
- Up 45-50% YoY
• Beginnings of fixed broadband
substitution behavior
- Not just personal but primary broadband.
- Major new business opportunities
• Huge increases in data traffic
- 11 of NSN’s HSPA customers saw data
traffic increase 10X in 2008 over 2007
• Negligible impact on total ARPU
- Total wireless service revenue in the
U.S up 6% in 2008
- Leaders ARPU up 1- 4%
- Voice ARPU still trending downwards
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Mobile Broadband:
The Operator’s Experience to Date
• Strong growth in wireless messaging
and data revenue
- AT&T and VZW reported ~$3bn in data
revenues in Q408
- Up 45-50% YoY
• Beginnings of fixed broadband
substitution behavior
- Not just personal but primary broadband.
- Major new business opportunities
• Huge increases in data traffic
- 11 of NSN’s HSPA customers saw data
traffic increase 10X in 2008 over 2007
• Negligible impact on total ARPU
- Total wireless service revenue in the
U.S up 6% in 2008
- Leaders ARPU up 1- 4%
- Voice ARPU still trending downwards
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Massive Growth in Data Traffic Volumes
Source : NSN, February 2009
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Mobile Broadband:
In Search of Profitability

Mobile broadband is still in the build-out phase



HSPA and EV-DO in 3rd/4th year of roll-out
Operators are investing for near term subscriber acquisition and long
term transformation of their business models
Mobile broadband isn’t profitable (yet)




In 3G, voice and data are still mostly discrete network elements
Large majority of new network capex is driven by mobile broadband
If costs are allocated separately to voice and messaging on the one
hand, and mobile broadband on the other, mobile broadband isn’t
profitable today
Early in the investment cycle, but need to start aligning for profitability
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Heavy Reading’s Outlook:
2009 is the year of packet backhaul

Backhaul a key lever in realigning for profitability

Heavy Reading’s packet backhaul forecasts




108,000 cell sites in live service world-wide by the end of 2009
12,300 in live service in the U.S by the end of 2009
Forecasts are for packet backhaul in live service at 2G/3G cell sites;
WiMAX sites and ML-PPP implementations excluded
Still expecting a slow rate at which packet
backhaul is turned up to commercial service

Still expect 75% of the world’s cell sites will be served exclusively by
TDM backhaul in 2012
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
L1 Backhaul Forecasts:
Europe & North America
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
US Cellular Backhaul Forecast
300,000
No of cell sites
250,000
200,000
EoHFC
EoFiber
150,000
EoCopper
EoMicrowave
100,000
Pure TDM
50,000
End 2007
End 2008
End 2009
End 2010
End 2011
Ethernet Backhaul will be in service at 37%
of U.S cell sites by the end of 2012
End 2012
Source: Heavy Reading
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Key Backhaul Requirements
 Big
enough pipe
 Correct interfaces
 Low latency
 Simple
 Survivable
 Cost effective
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Wireless Impacts on Backhaul
 BIG
problem from tower to wire center
 Moving
from 3Mb to 100+Mb
 Maybe 12 sites/wire center for a total of about
1Gb
 SMALL
amount of the traffic after that
first wire center
 Even
small wire centers generate several
10Gb circuits
 Wireless
will add 10% at most to the
existing network
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
A Backhaul Network Exists

All of these towers are connected to the other components of
the network


Physical network deployed
Considerable capital value remains on the books

4G deployments are not going to generate a total replacement
of all of the existing network
 Leased facilities exist for the 2G T1s




Average of 7 actual orders to create a T1 circuit from a cell tower to the
MSC
7 to disconnect
12 to move a circuit
Large opportunity cost to groom existing T1s
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Network Segments
Access
Aggregation
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Core
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
The Towers Have Service Today

We are nearing 300,000 towers – and all of them have some
kind of backhaul capacity

Service capacity is a “Two Hump” distribution function
1-6 DS1s
Don’t Have Fiber
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1-2 DS3s
Have Fiber
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Backhaul Capacity Requirements at the Cell Site
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
4G Takes Over
 Delivers



Record spend on spectrum makes it the most valuable resource
Recent LTE drive tests in Hokkaido produced 10 bits/Hz peak and as
much as 5 sustained
Current 3G is about 1 bit/Hz
 Delivers



Core Network Efficiency
Low latency architecture drives far higher
schedule efficiencies
RAN contribution 5 ms or less, compared
to more than 100 ms today
 New

Unmatched Spectral Efficiency
Bands Get New Technology
Planners strive to minimize operational handling of network elements
Placing EVDO or HSPA on 700 MHz or AWS creates an upgrade
requirement best to be avoided
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
4G in Stages
 Build
For Those Who Use Everything And Those Who Have
Nothing
Rural


Major metro areas
Rural deployment (direct and through partnerships)
 Coverage



700 MHz for wide coverage
Sub Urban
Existing sites
3G/2G Fallback creates total coverage pattern
 Capacity



First
Metro Core
Second
10% of users generate 80% of wireless data
We know where these people are (today) – first focus for LTE
Distribution will shift – and we will follow the users
 Full
Portfolio of Base Station Models Required
Macro – Wide Area
Pico – Neighborhood
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Micro – Enterprise Campus
Femto – In Home/In Business
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Base Stations Get Small
 LTE
is expected to augment
the deployment of picocells.
 Boost
indoor coverage
 Offload macro network
traffic
 Provide enhanced coverage
for enterprise customers.
 Build
the coverage network with Macrocells, supplement with
Micro and Pico cells

Deploy for coverage and offload the heavy users when traffic patterns
require
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Core Network Migrates Over Time

The Enhanced Packet Core (EPC) is build to be distributed
 Reality is that these devices will be concentrated into the
Mobile Switching Center for some time
 Backhaul network needs to be designed to transport the
messaging and data to the MSC, with the ability to migrate
those devices to the edge
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Migrate with Circuit Oriented Ethernet
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
A Tale of Two Entities

“Mobile Backhaul” typically involves two business entities

Mobile provider & Backhaul provider
 Even if there is one “integrated provider” as the parent company
 Money/services exchanged between the two entities

Two network deployments

Two sets of networking requirements and operational issues
 Networks have a client/server relationship – not a peer to peer relationship
Mobile Switching Office
Cell Site
BTS
NodeB
eNodeB
BTS
NodeB
eNodeB
BSC
RNC
S-GW
“Backhaul”
Mobile Provider
Mobile Provider
CE
Cell Site
Server layer
Client layer
Backhaul Provider
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BSC
RNC
S-GW
CE
Mobile Switching
Office
Backhaul Provider
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Networking requirements / issues

Mobile services provider

Must reduce backhaul costs in the face of expanding CCPU
 Requires reliability, performance, rapid service commissioning
from backhaul provider
 Management of equipment at many remote tower locations

Backhaul provider

Serves multiple providers & multiple technologies at a single tower
• Universal, transparent solution

Meet Mobile Operators’ stringent SLA requirements
• Guaranteed Ethernet performance and reliability

Minimize retraining of engineering staff
• A SDH transport engineer cannot become an IP
router engineer overnight

Achieve ROI with < 3 year contract
• Bandwidth efficient & simple to own and operate
Backhaul provider: deterministic, simple, reliable, general client layer
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
What is Connection-Oriented Ethernet?

Explicit definition of Ethernet
connections & tunnels



Forward on tags
vs. Ethernet MAC address learning
and flooding
Connection-oriented
Ethernet
MEF
Carrier
Ethernet
Resource reservation and
admission control


For each CoS per each connection
and tunnel
Per-flow traffic management and
traffic engineering
Connectionless Ethernet
802.1Q/ad/ah bridging
Connection-oriented Ethernet: High-performance “Carrier Ethernet”
26
Confidential
- Fujitsu Internal use Only
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Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
The Best of Both Worlds
Connectionless 802.1 Ethernet
Bridging
Ethernet over SDH
Eth
Eth
MSPP
Eth
Eth
MSPP
Eth
Eth
•
•
•
•
MSPP
Good Aggregation / Stat Muxing
Non-deterministic QoS
No Bandwidth Reservation
Inconsistent QoE: 99.9% Availability
Eth
•No Aggregation /Stat Muxing
•Deterministic QoS
•Bandwidth reserved for each channel
•Consistent QoE: 99.999% Availability
Connection-Oriented Ethernet
Packet
ONP
• Good Aggregation / Statistical Multiplexing
• Deterministic and precision QoS
• Bandwidth reserved per EVC
• Consistent QoE: 99.999% Availability
PDH quality, security, availability – Ethernet Flexibility and Low Cost
27
Confidential
- Fujitsu Internal use Only
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Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Connection-oriented Ethernet
Survivability Tools for MBH
Ethernet
LAG
BTS
NodeB
eNodeB
Mobile
Provider
G.8031 Ethernet network
protection
CE
work
Backhaul
Provider



Aggregation Site
Single and multi-chassis LAG
Network protection

G.8031
Server layer protection

CE
Backhaul provider / client network is
unprotected
Mobile
Provider
Backhaul
Provider
ptct
Variety of scenarios and
requirements
Client protection

CE
BSC
RNC
S-GW
work
ptct
Cell Site

Multi-chassis
LAG
Mobile Office
ITU-T G.8031 Ethernet Linear Protection
 Dedicated 1:1 EVC or tunnel protection
 Guaranteed, identical resources
 Similar to SONET UPSR path protection
 Independent of Network Topology
 Segment and end-to-end protection
 Protects against node and link failures
COE provides 50ms dedicated network protection for 5-9’s availability
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Implementing Connection-oriented
Ethernet
Requirements

Tag
switching
Functional

Deterministic connections
 Survivability
 Fault sectionalization and
performance management

Ethernet-centric COE
Operations

Eth
Ethernet tunnel
Eth
•Ethernet OAM, Protection
MPLS-centric COE
Static PW T-MPLS MPLS-TP IP/MPLS
Management-plane centric
• Vs. dynamic control plane
Eth PW
MPLS LSP
PW Eth

Fewest layers
 Single set of OAM tools
•Ethernet OAM
•MPLS pseudowire OAM
•MPLS Label Switched Path – OAM / protection
Ethernet tag switching provides all capabilities with simplest operations
29
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Packet Optical Networking Platforms:
Integrating COE Aggregation and Layer 1 Transport
 “Open-platform”
approach

Pluggable environment for networking
 vs. enhanced ROADM/MSPP
 Integration
of COE with all native
Layer 1 networking/encapsulations

SDH/PDH for access transport
 ROADM for core transport
 Consideration
COE and TDM
Aggregation
Ethernet
networks
Fabric-based COE, TDM, wave
grooming at the core
 I/O card level optimizations at the
edge
“Open-platform”
Implementation Example
 Reduces
Operations Model

Management plane driven,
Connection-Oriented networking
 Simple, in-service software upgrades
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network costs

Eliminates elements
 Eliminates complexity
 Provides
30
SDH
networks
of access vs. core

 Transport
Wave
Transport

new services
COE – SDH quality, Ethernet
cost
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Packet Optical Networking
For Full-service backhaul
SDH and COE
aggregation/grooming
ROADM integration
for bandwidth scaling
2G
3G
MSPP
SDH
2G
3G
4G
2G
3G
4G
Ethernet
Packet
ONP
Packet
ONP
Ethernet
MSPP
Packet
ONP
Packet
ONP
2G
3G
4G
Mobile
Office
N x 10G Waves
Packet
ONP
Packet
ONP
SDH
2G
3G
4G
Mobile
Office
Ethernet
3G
4G
Packet
ONP
NID
4G
3G
2G
Mobile
Office
SDH and Ethernet
access
termination
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Summary

Irresistible drivers for turnover of backhaul networks from PDH to
Ethernet over optical

Backhaul provider delivers hubbed ‘client’ transport and aggregation
services to mobile provider


Point to point, non-routed services
Connection-oriented Ethernet provides

Transparent, Deterministic quality, Survivable Ethernet transport and
aggregation
 SDH quality, Ethernet cost
 Mgmt-plane-centric Ethernet-only implementations have lowest cost of
ownership

Packet Optical Networking

Integrates COE + DWDM for scalable core rings
 Integrates COE + SDH to terminate new Ethernet and legacy SDH access
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
COE-related Standards Summary
Functionality
Standard
Notes
Linear Path
Protection/Restoration
ITU-T G.8031
Defines 50ms protection for
Working/protect path similar to
SONET’s UPSR Path Protection
Link Fault
Management
IEEE 802.3ah
Defines Layer 2 link-based loopbacks
& pings
Link Aggregation
IEEE 802.3ad
Defines link protection and BW
scaling
Service Fault
Management
Defines end-to-end EVC loopbacks,
ITU-T Y.1731 and link traces and continuity checks.
IEEE 802.1ag
Y.1731 provides the framework,
802.1ag provides the protocols
Service Definitions
MEF 6.1
Defines EPL, EVPL, EP-Tree, EVPTree services
Service Attributes
MEF 10.2
Defines all service attributes for MEF
6.1 service definitions
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
COE-related Standards Summary
Functionality
Precision Time
Protocol
Synchronous
Ethernet
Mobile Backhaul IA
Standard
Notes
IEEE 1588v2
Provides Time of Day and Clock
Synchronization back to primary
reference clock (PRC)
ITU-T G.8261
Enables the Ethernet physical layer to
extract clocking from the line to give
traceability back to a PRC similar to
how T1s can obtain line timing
MEF 22
Implementation Agreement describing
requirements for Ethernet-based and
TDM/Ethernet-based MBH approaches
Service
Performance
ITU-T Y.1731,
IEEE 802.1ag,
MEF 10.2
Y.1731 defines framework, 802.1ag
defines protocols and MEF 10.2
defines service performance metrics
(FD, FDV, FLR)
Frame Formats
IEEE 802.1ad,
IEEE 802.1Qay
802.1ad frame format used for VLAN
switching 802.1Qay defines extended
frame format
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Q&A
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
What Drives Cell Site Connectivity

Meet Requirements with COE (Connection Oriented Ethernet)




Operationally simple
Ethernet connectivity network not where it needs to be, yet
Purely from a connectivity model perspective, all that is required within
the backhaul/transport network are simple Layer-2 P2P connections
between the various elements (eNBs, MMEs and S-GWs..)
Carriers Planning for 100Mbps to each cell site



Not just the Macro sites
Micro and Pico sites are driven by capacity
Smaller eNodeB will drive DAS (Distributed Antenna System) to
concentrate data traffic
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Mobile Backhaul Business Drivers
Challenges facing Mobile Operators

Data rate grows with 3G and beyond but revenue doesn’t follow


Network Operations


How do you ensure backhaul network provides uninterrupted service to
millions of subscribers served by 50,000+ cell towers ?
What if LTE ubiquity makes it the “mobile Wi-Fi” ?



Flat rate data plans
Integrated into wide range of devices. Applications run “in the cloud”.
Backhaul networks must be ultra available with predictable QoS
Number of years to upgrade all cell towers with new
backhaul technology

Tremendous pressure to make the right choice while
achieving ROI/margin objectives
Many business issues affect technology selection
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Challenges facing Mobile Backhaul
Providers

Retraining of network operations personnel


Which technology do I pick given the eventual
migration to Ethernet for MBH ?



Should I use Ethernet with Circuit Emulation?
Should I use an integrated SONET/Ethernet/ROADM
packet optical networking approach ?
< 3 year service contracts with mobile operators


A SONET transport engineer cannot become an IP
router engineer overnight
How can I make an acceptable ROI to meet margins objectives ?
How can I meet Mobile Operators’ stringent SLA requirements ?

< 5ms Delay, < 1ms Jitter, 3x10-7 Loss, 5x9s Availability
Introducing Connection-oriented Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul....
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
What is Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE)?

Provides Deterministic QoS via explicit paths (EVCs) across network
 Reserves bandwidth for each EVC per CoS
 Highly efficient BW aggregation via statistical multiplexing & oversubscription
 Predictable QoE: 99.999% Availability
Connectionless Ethernet Bridges
Ethernet over SONET (EoS)
• Good Aggregation / Statistical multiplexing
• Non-deterministic QoS
• No Bandwidth Reservation
• Inconsistent QoE: 99.9% Availability
• No Aggregation / No Statistical Multiplexing
• Deterministic and precision QoS
• Bandwidth reserved for each SONET channel
• Consistent QoE: 99.999% Availability
Connection-Oriented Ethernet
MSPP
Packet
ONP
• Good Aggregation / Statistical Multiplexing
• Deterministic and precision QoS
• Bandwidth reserved per EVC
• Consistent QoE: 99.999% Availability
COE combines the best attributes of Ethernet Bridges and EoS
Keeps Ethernet Simple – Like SONET
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Attributes of Connection-oriented Ethernet
Standardized Services
•EPL, EVPL, EP-Tree, EVP-Tree
•MEF 6, MEF 10
Deterministic QoS
Scalability
•802.1ag / Y.1731 / MEF 10 PMs
•Delay, Delay Variation, Loss
•Resource Reservation through CAC
•Millions of EVCs
•Aggregation and stat-muxing
•Oversubscription
COE
Attributes
Service Management
Reliability
•802.3ah Link Fault Mgmt.
•802.1ag/Y.1731 EVC Fault Mgmt.
•G.8031 50ms Linear Path Protection
•802.3ad Link Aggregation (LAG)
Security
•Bridging disabled - no L2CP vulnerabilities
•L2CP threats mitigated
•No MAC table overflows
COE is a high performance implementation of MEF Carrier Ethernet
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4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Technology Options for COE
Significant differences among number of layers to manage
Non-Routed
Routed
Static
PW/MPLS
IP/MPLS
T-MPLS MPLS-TP
PBB-TE
VLAN Tag
Switching
IP/MPLS-Based COE
IS-IS, OSPF, BGP, IP addressing, BFD
MPLS-TP-based COE
MPLS LSP
MPLS-TP LSP
PW
Eth
Ethernet + PW + LSP
PW
PW
Eth
Eth
Ethernet + PW + LSP PW
BFD, Protection Protocol
BFD, VCCV
BFD, RSVP-TE/LDP, FRR
T-LDP/BFD, VCCV
802.1ag, 802.3ah, Y.1731
802.1ag, 802.3ah, Y.1731
(3) Data Plane Layers
1) Ethernet
2) Pseudowire (PW)
3) LSP
(3) Data Plane Layers
1) Ethernet
2) Pseudowire (PW)
3) LSP
Ethernet-based COE
Eth
S-VLAN or PBB-TE Tunnel
Eth
Ethernet
G.8031, 802.1ag, 802.3ah, Y.1731
(1) Data Plane Layer
• Ethernet
(1) Control Plane Layer
• IP
COE simplifies OAM&P with only 1 layer to manage: Ethernet
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Eth
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Why Ethernet-based COE for MBH ?

Meets the MBH functional requirements set forth by SONET






Simpler Network OAM – just one layer to manage: Ethernet




Deterministic and precision performance
Link (Line) and EVC (Path) fault management tools
Guaranteed bandwidth through resource reservation
Optimized for P2P and P2MP topologies used in MBH networks
Sub 50ms protection / restoration
Consistent with existing SONET-based network operations
No IP knowledge required. Easy to learn by SONET transport staff
Provisioning model similar to SONET
Non-routed operational simplicity
MBH networks do not require routing between the cell site and hub
sites/MSCs
 HigherCOE
network
element reliability
(significantly
fewer protocols
/ simpler
Fujitsu’s
implementation
facilitates
the migration
from existing
SW) MBH infrastructures to Ethernet over Fiber and EoWDM
SONET

© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Mobile Backhaul Technology Migration
…on the road to Ethernet
Compelling case to keep 2G traffic on TDM


What do you do with high growth 3G traffic?



Some Base Stations can be upgraded to Ethernet
COE over SONET, Fiber or Microwave choices
3G/4G
Data
Voice +
2G Data
Time
Wireline LEC or MSO with a SONET infrastructure



2G traffic growth very small so T1 MRC is essentially flat
Bandwidth

COE over SONET: Simplest to implement with maximal bandwidth efficiency for data
Legacy, low growth 2G services remain on TDM
For Ethernet over Fiber infrastructures must consider MEF 22 GIWF:

Generic Interworking Function: Non-Ethernet  Ethernet (via Circuit Emulation)
2G BS
T1s (TDM)
T1s
ATM over T1s
3G BS MLPPP over T1s GIWF Ethernet
Ethernet
4G BS
Ethernet
SONET

COE over SONET

COE over Fiber
Hub site or
Mobile
Switching
Center
3G backhaul most challenging because it is transitional
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Clock Synchronization for GIWF

Frequency Synchronization (Syntonization)


T1s
GIWF
Ethernet
Process to align clocks in frequency
Generic Interworking Function
Synchronizes clocks to a Primary Reference Source (PRS)
• Required for Circuit Emulation


Can use IEEE 1588v2 Precision Time Protocol
Can use Synchronous Ethernet for a physical layer implementation
• Similar to a BITS clock used to obtain T1 line timing

Phase Synchronization (relative time synchronization)



Process to aligns clocks in phase
Can use Global Positioning System (GPS) radio
Time of Day Synchronization


Process to set clocks to a universal time-base such as UTC
Use 1588v2 for a software-based implementation
COE’s precision QoS optimally facilitates a 1588v2 implementation
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
MBH Network Classes of Service
How many should you support?

No. of CoSs determined
by supported services


Do you offer a streaming
service, e.g., TV on
Demand ?
Understand the
application to properly
engineer the traffic
management
Generic
CoS
Name
Possible Approaches to Mapping UMTS
Traffic Classes and Applications to CoS
4 CoS
3 CoS
CoS A
Synchronization
-
CoS B
Conversational,
Signaling and Control
Synchronization,
Conversational,
Signaling & Control
CoS C
Streaming
Streaming
CoS D
Interactive and
Background
Interactive and
Background

Streaming and Conversational classes use UDP for media and TCP for control
 Synchronization requires lowest FD, FDV and FLR
 Streaming class is delay tolerant due to application buffering
 Conversational class (VoIP) is loss tolerant due to device playback buffering
COE provides SONET-like deterministic performance so CoS
differentiation becomes less difficult to engineer
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
COE Scalability
Scalability addressed in two dimensions
1. EVC Address Space Scalability

VLAN tag switching can use C-VLAN IDs, S-VLAN IDs or B-VLAN IDs
•
•
VLAN IDs have local significance so 4095 IDs reused at each interface
4095 VLAN ID restriction no longer applies
2. EVC Aggregation via COE Tunnels


Many EVCs mapped to COE Tunnel
COE Connection Admission Control manages COE tunnel bandwidth
•
Similar to managing SONET VCGs but with much higher BW efficiency
COE meets EVC scalability requirements for MBH networks
COE Tunnels simplify MBH bandwidth management
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
COE Tunnels
Improved network efficiency and scalability

Tunnel aggregates EVCs to achieve stat muxing gains


Tunnel can support guaranteed and oversubscribed bandwidth



Like SONET STS with VT1.5s but more granularly and efficiently
Manage tunnel BW rather than individual EVCs within the tunnel
Each Tunnel can support multiple CoSs
Provides CIR plus enables Subscriber traffic to burst to EIR

Results in better traffic Goodput – resulting in better QoE
FLASHWAVE
FLASHWAVE
4100ES
CDS
FLASHWAVE
FLASHWAVE
CDS
FLASHWAVE
CDS
EoS
OC12
EVC-aware NE
Tunnel-aware NEs
EVCs
MSC-1
FLASHWAVE
EVCs
1GbE
1GbE
9500
FLASHWAVE
EVC-aware NEs
9500
MSC-2
FLASHWAVE
SONET, Ethernet, WDM
or OTN Network
9500
EVCs
COE Tunnels supported over SONET, Ethernet, WDM and OTN Networks
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
COE Tools for Network Survivability
Meeting MBH networks high availability requirements

IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Groups (LAG)



1+1 equipment protection


For local (link level) diversity and protection
If any fiber or port in LAG fails, other LAG members share the load
Create LAGs across different cards in a chassis
ITU-T G.8031 Linear Path Protection


for EVC path diversity and sub-50ms path protection
Similar to SONET UPSR path protection
• Simple Provisioning: Setup Working path and Protect path

Independent of Network Topology
• Works over Rings, Meshes, Multiple Rings and Linear Topologies
Fujitsu’s COE implementation enables ultra high available service
Achieved through multiple levels of protection
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Service OAM for MBH Networks
ITU-T Y.1731 and IEEE 802.1ag
Mobile Operator’s Network
NID
FLASHWAVE
CDS
CDS
NID
Wholesale
Ethernet Access
Provider
Mobile Backhaul Provider
MSC
NID
FLASHWAVE
4100ES
CDS
FLASHWAVE
4100ES
CDS
FLASHWAVE
9500
NID
Wholesale Access Provider MD
Mobile Backhaul (MBH) Provider Maintenance Domain (MD)
Mobile Operator MD
MEG = Maintenance Entity Group

MEG Endpoint (MEP)
MEG Intermediate Point (MIP)
Different MBH Scenarios result in different number of SOAM MDs

MBH Provider backhauls multiple generations of services (2G/3G/4G)
 MBH Provider backhauls traffic from one mobile operator at a tower
 MBH Provider backhauls traffic from several mobile operators at a tower
 MBH provided by Mobile Operator
Fujitsu’s COE solution provides Service OAM
that addresses the different MBH network deployment scenarios
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
COE at the Cell Site Facilitates the Evolution from
SONET to a Packet-based Ethernet MBH Network
PMO: SONET
MSPP
FLASHWAVE
SONET
SONET
TDM
EoS
DS1s Ethernet

FMO Step 2:
Begin Migration to EoF packet network
Existing services unaffected
FLASHWAVE
9500
TDM
COE
DS1s Ethernet
9500
SONET
EoF
COE
TDM
FLASHWAVE
4100ES
CDS
FLASHWAVE
CDS
DS1s
Ethernet
FLASHWAVE 4100ES and CDS


FMO Step 1:
Add COE to increase
bandwidth utilization
Compact, integrated platform at Cell Site serving multiple base stations from multiple service providers
FLASHWAVE 9500

Multiservice aggregation and transport over SONET, Ethernet and WDM
Fujitsu’s Packet Optical Networking Platforms with COE simplify the
SONET to Ethernet MBH migration while minimizing risk
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Fujitsu’s Packet Optical Networking Family
End-to-end solution for evolving Mobile Backhaul Networks
GE/10GE
MSC
10GE
44/88 Channel
ROADM
MSC
OC-192
OC-48/GE
Metro Core
Multiservice Aggregation
Multiservice Access
FLASHWAVE CDS
FLASHWAVE
4100ES
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
FLASHWAVE
9500
NETSMART 1500
Management System
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Summary

Different Business Drivers and Challenges for Mobile Operators
& Mobile Backhaul Providers impact their migration to Ethernet

Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE) combines the best
attributes of Connectionless Ethernet and Ethernet over SONET

COE is a high performance implementation of MEF-defined
Carrier Ethernet with a full complement of existing standards

Fujitsu’s Packet Optical Networking Platforms with COE simplify
the SONET to Ethernet MBH migration while minimizing risk
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.
4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009