Transcript IPv6 Allocations and DNS Deployment

First
Australian IPv6
Summit
Canberra, Australia
John L. Crain
[email protected]
The Internet
Arpa Network – September 1969
Source: http://www.peacockmaps.com
Unique Identifiers on the Net
• Behind every transaction on the net is a
maze of technical identifiers to help the
packets move around.
– Domain Names (human readable names)
– Autonomous System Numbers (routing)
– IP addresses (Both IPv4 and IPv6)
– Many other Identifiers
• http://www.iana.org/numbers.html
Uniqueness
• For the Internet to function as we know it
uniqueness of these identifiers is a
prerequisite.
• Users want to know that an e-mail going to
[email protected] goes to me and not
to a different John Crain at a different
ICANN.
Global Registry
• To enable this uniqueness technical
identifiers for the Internet are registered at
ICANN via the IANA function.
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
and Numbers
– http://www.icann.org
• Internet Assigned Number Authority
– http://www.iana.org
IP Address Allocations and Assignments
ICANN (IANA function)
ICANN distributes blocks to
Regional Internet Registries
AFRINIC
APNIC
RIRs allocate IPs to
Local Internet Registries
and ISPs
LIR
NIR
ARIN
ISP
ISP
LIRs assign addresses to their
end users, businesses or smaller
Internet Service Providers
end user
LACNIC
LIR
business
LIR
RIPE
LIR
small ISP
end user
LIR
Policy development is
Bottom Up
• Policies are proposed and refined within
the various policy groups that are enabled
via the Regional Internet Registries.
– http://www.apnic.net
These discussions are open to you!!
Global policies are ratified by the ICANN Board
IPv6 in the DNS
• In the Internet people type in domain
names:
• http://www.icann.org, [email protected]
• Computers use the IP addresses.
• Translation occurs in the DNS (Domain Name
System)
• In IPv4 the DNS record is called an “A” record
• In IPv6 the DNS records is the “AAAA” record
www.icann.org.
IN
A
192.0.34.163
IPv6 in the DNS
• AAAA records added to the root zone for
Top Level Domains
• Next step is to add them for the root
servers themselves. This should occur in
2006. Until this occurs we cannot fully
resolve names to IPv6 addresses.
Who remembers CIDR?
• Classless Inter-Domain Routing
– Early ‘90s through mid ‘90s
– Changed from set size subnets (A,B,C) to
varying subnets.
– Painful experience!!
• Gateways/Routers needed to be modernized.
• Many providers waited until the last possible
moment to update equipment.
• It took years, some people still think and operate
classfully.
How is IPv6 different
+ No looming day for change:
* If you start planning now we still have x years
of IPv4 address space to distribute.
- Changes go further:
• This is not the same network as when we
went to CIDR..
• We have to design for long term
interoperation with IPv4
IPv6 is it real?
• Yes!
– It is in use on networks today.
• At the moment the network is mainly IPv4 with
islands of IPv6. Over time that will turn to where
we have islands of IPv4 in an IPv6.
• Even if you don’t need the added
functionality we do need the increased
address pool.
Be Ready!!!
• Even if you don’t plan to migrate tomorrow make
sure that your planning takes into account the
future need for IPv6 support.
If you start preparing now then the pain of
change will be much lessened in the future.
This is not rocket science, it’s common sense!
• It is not if you are going to convert to IPv6.
• It is when you are going to IPv6
Be Ready!!!
Questions
John L. Crain
Chief Technical Officer
Internet Corporation
for Assigned Names and Numbers
(ICANN)
“John L Crain” [email protected]
Resources
• http://www.icann.org/announcements/ICANN-WGIG-reportcomments-15aug05.pdf
• http://www.icann.org
• http://www.iana.org
• http://www.lacnic.net
• http://www.arin.net
• http://www.root-servers.org