Transcript PPT - apnic
Status of IPv6 Addresses and Address Management Paul Wilson Director General APNIC 1 IPv6 Addressing Status Report • • • • • 2 What is an IP address? How are IP addresses managed? How many addresses are there? Where are all the addresses? Conclusion What is an IP address? • Internet infrastructure address – Globally unique* • A finite common resource – IPv4: 32-bit number • e.g. 192.131.13.3 • 4 billion addresses available – IPv6: 128-bit number • e.g. 3ffe:1a00:ff00:: • Potentially*, equal to (IPv4)4 • IP does not mean “Intellectual Property” 3 IP addresses are not domain names… The Internet DNS www.cernet.cn ? 202.112.0.46 202.12.29.142 My Computer 4 202.112.0.46 www.cernet.cn How are IP Addresses managed? and how did we get here? 5 1981 - 1992 RFC 790 24 March 2003 “The assignment of numbers is also handled by Jon. If you are developing a protocol or application that will require the use of a link, socket, port, protocol, or network number please contact Jon to receive a number assignment.” RIR Meeting with the ICANN GAC Rio de Janeiro 1993 - 2001 1998: IAB asks RIRs to prepare for IPv6 allocations 1999: ICANN 24 March 2003 RIR Meeting with the ICANN GAC Rio de Janeiro 2002 - 2004 2003: NRO 24 March 2003 Provisional RIR RIR Meeting with the ICANN GAC Rio de Janeiro What are RIRs? • Regional Internet (address) Registries – Industry self-regulatory structures – Non-profit, open membership bodies • First established in early 1990’s – In response to call from IETF (RFC1366) – To satisfy emerging technical/admin needs – Voluntarily by consensus of community • In the “Internet Tradition” – Consensus-based, open and transparent 9 What do RIRs do? • Internet resource management – Primarily, IP addresses – IPv4 and IPv6 – Registration services (“whois”) • Training, outreach and liaison – Training courses, seminars, conferences… – Liaison: IETF, ICANN, ITU, regional orgs… – Newsletters, reports, web sites… • Policy development and coordination – Open Policy Meetings and processes 10 RIR Policy Development Need Anyone can participate OPEN Evaluate ‘BOTTOM UP’ Implement Internet community proposes and approves policy 11 Discuss TRANSPARENT Consensus All decisions & policies documented & freely available to anyone How many IP Addresses? and how many are left? 12 IPv4 vs IPv6 IPv4: 32 bits • 232 addresses = 4 billion addresses Being extended through use of “NAT” IPv6: 128 bits • 2128 addresses? = 340 billion billion billion billion addresses? Much less, due to IPv6 address structure… 13 How much IPv4? See www.potaroo.net 14 The NAT “Problem” The Internet ISP 61.100.0.0/16 61.100.32.0/25 61.100.32.128 R 61.100.32.1 15 ..2 NAT* ..3 ..4 10.0.0.1 ..2 ..3 ..4 *AKA home router, ICS, firewall How much IPv6? /0 /64 Topological 128 bits /128 Interface Infrastructure /0 /48 • 264 “subnet” addresses = 18 billion billion subnet addresses Assigned to individual network segments • 248 site addresses = 281 thousand billion site addresses Assigned to “sites” - homes, cars, phones etc 16 Site /64 IPv6 Address space lifetime 17 Where are all the addresses? and how many are left? 18 IPv4 Allocations – IANA total Historical 117 40% Reserved 36 13% APNIC 13 5% ARIN 22 8% LACNIC 2 1% RIPENCC 16 6% Unused 77 27% 19 20 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1983 1984 1985 IPv4 Allocations – IANA 16 14 12 10 8 6 various assigned ripencc lacnic arin apnic 4 2 0 IPv4 Allocations – RIRs 2.50 2.00 1.50 apnic arin lacnic ripencc 1.00 0.50 0.00 1999 21 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 IPv4 Allocations – Global CN 3.3 KR 1.8 UK 1.7 DE 1.7 CA 1.0 NL ES IT 0.8 0.8 0.8 BRTW 0.7 0.6 Other 7.5 JP 3.5 US 17.1 22 FR 0.9 IPv6 Allocations – RIRs 8000 7000 6000 5000 ripencc lacnic arin apnic 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1999 23 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 IPv6 Allocations – RIRs 500 450 400 350 300 ripencc lacnic arin apnic 250 200 150 100 50 0 1999 24 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 IPv6 Allocations – Global US 99 JP 88 DE 70 CH 47 UK 38 KR 31 NO 263 NL 555 IT 25 FR 24 AT 19 SE 18 PL 18 TW 16 Other 219 EU 6158 25 Conclusion What is the future? 26 IPv6 – Internet for everything! 27 IPv6 – Summary • The good news… – IPv6 is available – IPv6 addresses are very easy to get • The not so good news… – Cost: transition from IPv4 – Demand: Do users want it? – “Chicken and Egg” syndrome • The reality: A long process… – “Changing engines mid-flight” – Critical message: Start now! 28 Thank You Paul Wilson [email protected] 29