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Internet2, Abilene, and GigaPoPs:
Una vista de los EE UU
Steve Corbató [email protected]
Director, Backbone Network Infrastructure
University Corp. for Advanced Internet Development
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS 2000
Murcia, España
15 de noviembre, 2000
Advanced U.S. research university
connectivity requirements
• Research testbed
• configurable, breakable, measurable infrastructure
• serving computer science research and advanced engineering
• traditional province of DARPA
• Advanced service/application deployment network
• standards based, 7x24 operation expectation (vBNSAbilene)
• National education intranet
• interconnecting all K-20 educational institutions/networks to
enable applications and services unavailable over the
commercial Internet
• Commercial entities (high performance connectivity)
• providers of content of value to EDU (e.g., Nexis-Lexis, Akamai)
• EDU-related startups (genomics, IP networking)
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Unique features of Internet2 environment
• Per capita available bandwidth O(10-100) higher than over
the commercial Internet
• TCP flows of 0.4 Gbps and higher possible
• Active advanced service deployment efforts
• Native multicast most widely deployed
• Commitment to open network management and active
measurement
• Emphasis on end-to-end (e2e) performance measurment
and assurance
• Collaborative relationship with GigaPoPs and research
university campus technical communities
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Outline
• Internet2 project status
• Abilene network status
• Advanced services
• International Transit Network (ITN)
• Changes to the Abilene Program
• Future infrastructure plans
• New technologies
• Internet2 End-to-End Performance Initiative – e2e
• Campus networks
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Membership update
•179+ universities
•70+ corporations
•40+ affiliated research organizations
•30+ International MoU partners
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Internet2 Activities
Applications
• Advanced applications with focus on research and education
Middleware
• Interoperability across Internet2 institutions
Network Technologies
• New network technologies across Internet2 networks
Network Infrastructure
• Pre-commercial, production network infrastructure
Partnerships/Tech Transfer
• Ensure this technology becomes available beyond Internet2
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Applications
Discipline focus
• Health Sciences
• Arts & Humanities
Support
• Portable MPEG2 video conferencing
• Portable SGI O2 for other demos
• Portable Access Grid Node
Workshops
• Survivors of the Shoah/Visual History
Foundation: digital media
www.internet2.edu/apps
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High Definition Television/IP
Studio grade (200 Mbps UDP/stream)
Collaboration of University of Washington (Research
Channel and Pacific/Northwest GigaPoP) and Sony
Raw HDTV/IP (1.5 Gbps) coming soon (Tektronix)…
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Throughput - Linear
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Middleware
Applications Needs:
• Scalable, interoperable authentication and authorization (digital
libraries)
• Grid computation resources using Globus security, location and
allocation of resources, scheduling etc. plugged into campus
middleware infrastructures
• Common authentication and storage (next generation portals)
www.internet2.edu/middleware
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Abilene Network
Qwest acquisition of U S WEST
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Abilene – November, 2000
• Inflection point in network development
• OC-48c (2.5 Gbps) IP-over-SONET backbone
• 53 current and pending connections in 32 states
– OC-48c connections: Seattle, Atlanta, SC2000
• 175 participants in 47 states and D.C.
• Ongoing strong partnership
– Cisco, Nortel, Qwest, Indiana Univ., ITECs (NC and OH)
• Increasing backbone utilization
• Characteristic exponential growth
• O(OC-12c) peak utilization on some links
• Traffic doubling time: 7 months
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Abilene Backbone – autumn 2000
Seattle
New York
Indianapolis
Sacramento
Cleveland
Washington
Denver
Kansas City
Los Angeles
Atlanta
Houston
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Backbone developments
• New router node (#11) in Washington DC
• Northern California router node is moving from Sacramento to Sunnvyale
• Houston-Atlanta link upgraded to OC-48c
• Only one link (Seattle-Sacramento) remains at OC-12c
• Increasingly distributed international peering
• Peering with CUDI in Los Angeles (CENIC) and soon in El Paso
(UTEP)
• Abilene International Transit Network (ITN) in production
• Collaboration with STARTAP and CA*NET3
• Backbone and connections were unaffected by Qwest’s acquisition of
USWEST this summer
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Abilene International Peering
STTL
CA*net3, (AARnet)
APAN/TransPAC, Ca*net3, CERN, CERnet, IUCC,
NORDUnet, RENATER, REUNA2, SURFnet,
SingAREN, SINET, TAnet2 , (ANSP, HARnet?)
OC12
SNVA
TEN-155*,
JANET,
NORDUnet,
SURFnet CA*net3
(HEAnet)
(SINET,
GEMNET)
LOSA
SingAREN, SINET
(HARNET?)
CALREN2
CUDI
NYCM
AmPATH
UT El Paso
OC3-12
(REUNA2, RNP2,
RETINA?)
(CUDI)
* ARNES, BELNET, CESnet, DFN, GRNET, HEAnet, RESTENA, SWITCH, HUNGARNET,
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GARR-B, POL-34, RCCN, RedIRIS
Abilene International Transit Network
• ITN concept developed as some international NRNs moved
their U.S. circuit terminations closer to the landing points
• By default, Abilene international peers are ITN participants
• Non-participating international peers must indicate this intent to
UCAID
• Abilene ITN service commenced October 23, 2000
• ITN service currently does not extend to U.S. federal
research and education networks
• ESnet, NISN, NREN, DREN, DARPA Supernet
• As an Internet2 backbone, vBNS has become an ITN
participant
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Current Abilene ITN participants (15)
• CA*Net3
• REUNA2
• CERNET
• SINET
• CUDI
• SingAREN
• DFN (via DANTE)
• SURFnet
• IUCC
• TANET2
• JANET
• TransPAC
• NORDUnet
• vBNS
• RENATER
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Abilene ITN implementation
• BGP communities for international peers
• 11537:2501 – ITN participants
• 11537:2500 – non-ITN participants
• Abilene ITN participants are tagged with ITN community on
ingress (route map: TRANSIT-in)
• Abilene ITN participants receive all routes with 11537:2501
community (route map: TRANSIT-out)
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BGP considerations for ITN participants
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ITN collaboration
•Abilene, CA*Net3, and STARTAP are actively collaborating
on international peering and transit issues in North America
•In particular, Abilene and CA*Net3 have agreed to provide
transit among their respective ITN participants
• Abilene requires a Memorandum of Agreement and an
Interconnection Agreement with the foreign NRN directly
connected to CA*Net3
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Abilene program changes
• General end of new OC-3c Abilene backbone connections
• Existing and pending OC-3c connections will be unaffected
• Revised fee structure for OC-12c and OC-48c connections
• Objective is to incent bandwidth upgrades for existing connectors
• Overall price reduction is ~15%
• Encourage Packet-over-SONET (POS) connections
• Expansion to serve the broader educational community
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Revised Abilene annual connection fees
Previous
New
OC-3c
$110,000
($110,000) SONET & ATM
OC-12c
$320,000
$270,000 SONET
$280,000 ATM/1 PVC &
1 BGP peering
$290,000 ATM
OC-48c
$495,000
$430,000 SONET
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Sponsored Education Group
Participation
• Effective January 15, 2001, a networked aggregate of
educational institutions may gain access to Abilene as
a Sponsored Education Group Participant.
• designed primarily to accommodate existing and emerging
state-based education networks
• reflects modified Abilene CoU
• This new class of Abilene participation supplements
the existing classes of Member Participant,
Collaboration Site, and Sponsored Participant
• Applications will be accepted commencing 1/12/2000
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Advanced service deployment
• Multicast
• fully native deployment using current inter-domain protocols
• PIM-Sparse, MBGP, MSDP
• support for source specific multicast (SSM) in place
• IPv6
• overlay testbed in production
• Quality of Service (QoS)
• QBONE via IETF Differentiated Services protocols
• Abilene premium service testing starting
•Measurement and Network Management
• active probes (Surveyor) deployed in all nodes
• open network management stance
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Building the Network of the Future – I
• Upgrade Abilene to a leading-edge optical transport
capability
• Transition to OC-192c (10 Gbps) over DWDM backbone
• Explore optical interconnection options with international
networks (e.g., CA*Net4) & leading GigaPoPs
• Establish a rapidly configurable, breakable Internet2
national testbed for the computer science research and the
advanced network engineering communities
• Interconnection and limited peering with the DARPA
Supernet
• Overlay networks (server-based)
• Option of limited-term dedicated capacity via MPLS
tunnels or DWDM λ’s
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Network of the Future – II
• Continue the vital role of Abilene as a reliable platform for
the development of innovative applications and the
deployment of advanced services
• IP remains the common bearer service
• Position Abilene as a critical component of the Internet2
End-to-End (e2e) Initiative – in particular, its vital role within
the U.S. research infrastructure
• Emphasis on pro-active measurement and open network
management
• Increasing dependence on Abilene for next generation
science
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Project NEPTUNE
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Network of the Future - III
• Collaborate with the GigaPoPs on higher bandwidth
attachments and the facilitation of international peering
• Creative, localized solutions often required above OC-3c
• Increasingly distributed set of international landing points
and termination options
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GigaPoPs
•Gigabit-per-second Point of Presence
• OC-12 connectivity or greater (GbEth)
•Regional aggregation point
• high performance (HPNSPs)
• commodity (NSPs)
•Economies of scale
• Member sites
• Value added services shared by members
•Not limited to research universities
•(High-speed) local traffic stays local
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Leading Regional Gigapops
MREN (Chicago)
NYSERNET (New York)
CalREN2 (California)
MAX (Washington D.C.)
SoX (Atlanta/Southeast)
NOX (Boston)
Great Plains Network (Kansas Front Range (Denver)
City)
P/NW Gigapop (Seattle)
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CalREN-2 Topology Plan (5/98)
Corporation for Education Network Initiatives in California
CalREN-2 Network
Internet2
(vBNS )
Sacramento
UCB, UCD, UCSF,
UCSC, Stanford, UCOP
UC Davis
UC Berkeley
UCOP, Oakland
UC San Francisco
Stanford
(Planned but not funded)
Merced
UC Santa Cruz
Northern California
GigaPOP
Fresno
Monterey
USC, ISI, UCLA, UCI, Caltech,
CSU, JPL, UCR, UCSB
OC-12c
OC-48
Planned N-S
Interconnect
UC Santa Barbara
Southern California
GigaPOP
UCLA JPL
Caltech
CSU
ISI
USC
UC Riverside
UC Irvine
UC San Diego
San Diego GigaPOP (Future)
Internet2
(vBNS )
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With thanks to David Wasley
UCSD & SDSC
Importance of carrier hotels
• Facilities where multiple telecommunications carriers have
presences
• Orginally exchanged just voice traffic
• Often attract other related businesses – ISPs, Web hosting
• Westin Bldg (Seattle), One Wilshire (LA), 60 Hudson (NYC)
• Very active area of capital investment in the U.S.
• Leading GigaPoPs establishing presences
• Essential distinguishing factors
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•
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Riser capacity
Fiber interconnection room (‘meet-me room’)
Power – production and backup
Ease and speed of construction for tenant buildout
Local exchange point for peering among ISP tenants
• Dark fiber from the local campuses is very enabling
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Internet2 End-to-End Performance Initiative
• Extending focus from connectivity to performance experienced
by end user
• e2e will address all obstacles to performance
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Application readiness and tuning
End system operating systems and networking support
Local Area Network and campus backbone upgrades
Outreach to end users and campus support teams
• Widely distributed, pro-active measurement
• Performance Evaluation and Response Teams (PERTs)
• Hybrid of Network Operations Center and Applications Support Team
• Phased approach
• 10-15 campuses and GigaPoPs self-select for first stage
• Campus network/applications workshop – UCSD – December, 2000
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End-to-End (e2e) Performance
Initiative
Human to Human Collaboration Experience
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Application
Operating system
Host IP stack
Network card
Local Area Network (LAN)
Campus backbone network
Campus connection to regional network/GigaPoP
GigaPoP connection to Internet2 national backbone
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Defining E2E Success Metrics
• Selecting set of appropriate core applications and services
• TCP applications – e.g., Web, file transfer
• Internet-based telephony (VoIP)
• Internet-based videoconferencing
– Multiple technologies with distinct service levels
• Pervasive multicast for multimedia and data distribution
• Scope
• How broadly across the campus network should e2e be
supported?
• Timing
• How quickly can these goals be met?
• End user expectation management essential
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Summary
• Second wave of backbone development concluding
• Advanced service deployment proceeding
• Utilization growing
• Moving to develop next generation backbone and to incent
GigaPoP/campus connectivity upgrades
• Focusing on assuring e2e performance
• www.internet2.edu/abilene
38
Upcoming Meetings
APAN/Internet2/NLANR/TransPAC
• 28-31 January 2001, Hawaii
Internet2 Member Meeting
• 7-10 March 2001, Washington, DC
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www.internet2.edu