Transcript File - History with Ditondo

1. Warm Up?
Warm-Up
What were the
five (5) events
that lead to the
‘Age of
Exploration?’
Warm-Up
 As the Portuguese sailed
around Africa what
impacts do you think
they had on the
continent and it’s
people?
1. Warm Up?
2-4 Early Exploration
Viking Voyages
 100’s of years B4 Columbus
 Scandinavians called
Vikings sailed west
reaching NA
 800’s and 900’s CE visited
Iceland and Greenland
 Established settlements
 1000 CE- Leif Eriksson
(son of Eric the Red)
attempted to create
settlement in “Vinland”
 Now Newfoundland
Slowly but Surely
 Neither had been done B4; no one
even seen open ocean or coastline
of Africa
 Portugal leads the charge
 Prince Henry the Navigator
 Sets up school for navigators and
sailors
 Info they share greatly helps his ship
captains
 Armed w/ info and $$$ from Henry
set out to explore Africa and
possible water route to Asia




1445- Dinis Dias reaches “Western
Bulge”
1470’s- cross Equator
1488- Bartolommeo Dias sails
around southern tip… turns around
b/c crew scared
1498- Vasco da Gama sails around tip
all the way to India
2. Why?
3. Existing Dangers?
Early Ideas of Exploration
 By 1400’s- few believe
world is flat
 But…
 Did not know there was
land b/t Europe and East
Asia
 Most estimate over 10,000
miles to sail from Europe
to East Asia
 No ship could carry
enough food and water to
make such long journey
Cristoforo Colombo
 Disagreed w/ distance
estimates; thought less
than half that
 Italian guy but…
 Was turned down by Italy
 Approached several other
countries to find backers
for trip ($$$)

All turned him down until…

King Ferdinand and Queen
Isabella of Spain
At Sea…
 Friday, August 3, 1492
 Niña, Pinta, and Santa
Maria set sail


After not seeing land for 3
weeks…
Crew gets scared and begs
to turn back

Continue on for 2 months
and 8 days B4 signs begin to
appear
 12 October 1492
 By moonlight around 2 am
the Pinta’s spotter cries,
“Tierra, Tierra!” (Land,
Land!)
4. Why were there
big problems?
Territories Divided
 Portugal claimed all land
west of Africa was theirs’
 Big Problems NOW
 Pope Alexander VI
divides ocean at 400
miles west of Azore
Islands


West of line… Spain
East of line… Portugal
 Lined named… Papal
Line of Demarcation
5. Terms? Why?
Treaty of Tordesillas
 1494 line moved in agreement to new
“Treaty” 700 miles further west
when realized how much more
land there was
 Treaty of Tordesillas
divided Americas
between Spain and
Portugal
 Didn’t allow for claims
by other countries

England, France, &
Netherlands ignored
treaty
6. Foreshadow!
Exploring the Americas
 England, France, & Netherlands
wanted in on the $$$ from trade and
colonization too
 Voyage to Asia, either around Africa or
S. America long and difficult

Want to find route going NW over
Canada

“NW Passage”
 1497- England sent John Cabot look
 Only made it to Newfoundland

But trip was basis for future attempts
 1499- Amerigo Vespucci began
mapping SA coastline
 Concluded this was new continent
not Asia
 By 1500’s European map makers begin
calling land America
7. Europeans
looking for what?
Exploring the Americas
 1513- Vasco Núñez de Balboa
 Governor of Panama to Spain
 Heard stories of “great waters”
beyond mts.



1513- forms a party to hike through
the jungles
After weeks, sees Pacific Ocean
1st European to do so!!!
 1524- France hires Giovanni da
Verrazano to look
 Explored coast from N. Canada
all the way to Carolinas
 1535- French hire Jacques Cartier
 Sails up St. Lawrence hoping it
would lead to Pacific

Made it to present-day Montreal,
claiming land for France
Sailing Around the World
 Spanish wanted to find sea route through or around SA to Asia
 1519- hire Ferdinand Magellan, actually Portuguese though


5 ships
Sail across Atlantic then down east coast of SA
 November 1520 finds and sails through a narrow strait (now bares his
name)
 Names the ocean on other side Pacific, meaning peaceful



Expects trip across Pacific just a few weeks
Lasted 4 months
Crew ran out of food

Ate sawdust, rats, and leather to survive
 Magellan dies in the Philippines

Crew continued
 Trip took 3 years



Only 1 of 5 ships
Only 18 of 200+ crew members
1st to circumnavigate, or sail around the world
8. Visual Vocab
Still in Search of NW Passage
 Netherlands (Dutch) wanted
to find NW Passage too
 1609- Dutch hire Henry
Hudson
 Discovers the Hudson River
 Sails up as far as Albany and
turns back
 1610- hired by England and
discovers Hudson Bay
 Thought it was the Pacific but
when couldn’t find outlet crew
rebelled

Hudson, his son, and a few
sailors were kicked off boat
never to be seen again
Essential Question
Exit Ticket
 Why were countries like England, France
and the Netherlands looking for their own
path to Asia (NW Passage)?