Transcript Becoming a Networking Expert

Becoming a Networking Expert
Networking Hardware and Protocols
Becoming a Networking Expert
1. Terminology
2. Hardware
3. Protocols
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Basic Network
Source: http://www.dummies.com/WileyCDA/DummiesArticle/id-2040.html
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Networking Terminology
Networks are often called LANs. LAN is an
acronym that stands for local area network.
A node is a computer connected to the network.
When a computer is turned on and can access the
network, the computer is said to be online. When a
computer can't access the network it's offline.
Don't confuse local area networks with the Internet.
Networking the computers in your home or office so
that they can share information with one another,
and connecting your computer to the worldwide
Internet are two entirely separate things.
Source: http://www.dummies.com/WileyCDA/DummiesArticle/id-2040.html
Becoming a Networking Expert
•Topology types
Bus topology: All devices
are connected to a central
cable, called the bus or
backbone.
Star topology: All devices
are connected to a central
hub.
Ring topology: All devices
are connected to one another
in the shape of a closed loop,.
Source:
so that each device is
http://socrates.uhwo.hawaii.edu/BusAd/Flower/330/networkdefinition
s.html
connected directly to two
other devices, one on either
side of it.
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Terminology
 bps (bits per second): A measurement of the speed at
which data travels from one place to another. A 57,600 bps
modem can transmit about 57,600 bits of data per second.
 Client: A program that requests services from other
programs or computers that are functioning as "servers" or
"hosts."
 DNS (Domain Name Service): DNS servers translate
symbolic machine names (such as www.google.com) into
numerical IP addresses. For example, www.google.com is
translated by DNS to 128.223.142.13. Symbolic names are a
great convenience because they are easier to remember
than numerical IP addresses.
Source: http://www.dummies.com/WileyCDA/DummiesArticle/id-2040.html
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Terminology
ftp (file transfer protocol): A way to transfer files
from one computer to another via the Internet.
Host: A computer that provides services to other
"client" computers on a network. On the Internet, a
single computer often provides multiple host
functions, such as processing email, serving web
pages, and running applications.
Source: http://cc.uoregon.edu/etiquette.html#Xtte96401
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Terminology
IP address: A computer's unique Internet address
usually looks like this: 128.223.142.14. Most
computers also have a "domain name" assigned to
them, which represents cryptic IP addresses with
words that are easier to remember like
www.google.com
Network: Two or more computing devices
connected together by wiring, cable, digital circuit,
or other means. The Internet is a network that
connects thousands of computer networks.
Source: http://cc.uoregon.edu/etiquette.html#Xtte96401
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Terminology
Protocol: A precise definition of how computers
interact with one another on a network. In order for
the Internet to work reliably, participants agree to
set up their systems in accordance with a specific
set of protocols, ensuring compatibility between
systems.
Server: A computer or application that provides
files, data, or some other central body of information
to multiple "client" computers by means of a
network.
Source: http://cc.uoregon.edu/etiquette.html#Xtte96401
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Terminology
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol): These are two of the main "protocols" of
the Internet. To connect a computer to the Internet it
must have some kind of TCP/IP communication
software installed on it.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator): A fancy term
for the address of a World Wide Web page or other
resource.
World Wide Web: A system of linked servers that
distribute text, graphics, and multimedia information
to users all over the world.
Source: http://cc.uoregon.edu/etiquette.html#Xtte96401
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Bandwidth: A measure of information that can
be transmitted at any given time. For digital
devices, the bandwidth is usually expressed in
bits per second (bps) or bytes per second. For
analog devices, the bandwidth is expressed in
cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz).
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Hardware
• Hub
 An unintelligent network
device that sends one
signal to all of the stations
connected to it.
 All computers/devices are
competing for attention. It
takes the data that comes
into a port, and sends it
out to all the other ports in
the hub.
Source: http://www.practicallynetworked.com/networking/bridge_types.htm
http://handsonhowto.com/lan102.html
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Hardware
• Bridge
• A network bridge is a
device that lets two
networks talk to each
other
• Connects two LANs and
forwards or filters data
packets between them.
• Creates an extended
network in which any two
workstations on the linked
LANs can share data.
• Transparent to protocols and
to higher level devices like
routers.
Source: http://www.homenethelp.com/
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Hardware
• Switch
• Split large networks into
small segments,
decreasing the number of
users sharing the same
network resources and
bandwidth.
Source: http://projects.ischool.washington.edu/mcdonald/courses/imt546_au04/pres12.04/Basic%20Networking%20Hardware%20Pre%20Final%201.ppt
www.usb-switch.com/4_port_data_switch_diagram.jpg
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Hardware
• Router
 Physical devices that join
multiple wired or wireless
networks together .
 A device that connects any
number of LANs.
 Routers are the only one of
these four devices that will
allow you to share a single
IP address among multiple
network clients
Source: http://www.practicallynetworked.com/networking/bridge_types.htm
http://handsonhowto.com/lan102.html
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Hardware
• Wireless LAN or WLAN
 Wireless local area
network that uses radio
waves as its carrier.
Source: http://www.practicallynetworked.com/networking/bridge_types.htm
http://handsonhowto.com/lan102.html
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Protocols
• HTTP Hyper Text Transport Protocol:
A protocol used to transfer hypertext pages across the world
wide web.
• TCP Transmission Control Protocol:
Is a protocol that enables a computer to send data to a remote
computer. Unlike UDP, TCP is reliable i.e. packets are
guaranteed to wind up at their target in the correct order.
• IP Internet Protocol:
IP is the underline protocol for all the other protocols in the
TCP/IP protocol suite. IP defines the means to identify and
reach a target computer on the network. Computers in the IP
world are identified by unique numbers which are known
as IP addresses.
Source:
http://www2.rad.com/networks/1997/nettut/protocols.html
Becoming a Networking Expert
•
Protocols
•
HTTP HyperText Transport
Protocol –


Hypertext is ordinary text
that has been dressed up
with extra features, such as
formatting, images,
multimedia, and links to
other documents.
Markup is the process of
taking ordinary text and
adding extra symbols. Each
of the symbols used for
markup in HTML is a
command that tells a
browser how to display the
text.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML#What_is_HTML.3F
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Protocols
• TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
• TCP is one of the main protocols in
TCP/IP networks.
• Whereas the IP protocol deals only
with packets, TCP enables two
hosts to establish a connection and
exchange streams of data.
• TCP guarantees delivery of data
and also guarantees that packets
will be delivered in the same order
in which they were sent.
Source: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/TCP.html
Becoming a Networking Expert
• Protocols
• IP Internet Protocol:
 IP specifies the format of packets, also called datagrams, and the
addressing scheme.
 Most networks combine IP with a higher-level protocol called
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which establishes a virtual
connection between a destination and a source.
 IP by itself is something like the postal system. It allows you to address a
package and drop it in the system, but there's no direct link between you
and the recipient. TCP/IP, on the other hand, establishes a connection
between two hosts so that they can send messages back and forth for a
period of time.
Source: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/IP.html
Becoming a Networking Expert
Source: http://www.dl.ac.uk/TCSC/disco/Courses/IRIXAdmin/sect7/s_7_p1_ip.html
Becoming a Networking Expert