Transcript Internet Timeline

Internet Timeline
• 1962 - first electronic mail on a single
computer
• 1964 - first book on packet switching theory
• 1968 - ARPA funds ARPA Computer
Network (ARPANET)
• 1969 - first ARPANET node at UCLA
• Oct 1969 - first network connection
between two computers on
ARPANET
• 1970 - first networked electronic mail
• 1971 - ARPA changes name to DARPA
• 1973 - development of Ethernet; initial
development of TCP/IP
• 1977 - experimental Internet
• 1979 - first use of :-) in email (used to
express emotion)
• 1983 - operational Internet; development of
PCs and workstations
• 1985 - NSF funds 5 national supercomputer
centers; NSF and DARPA agree to
mutual access
• 1986 - NSFNET backbone = 56 Kb/sec;
NSFNET regionals develop; creation
of IETF and IRTF
• 1987 - fiber optics become cost effective
• 1988 - NSFNET backbone = 1.5 Mb/sec
• 1989 - NSFNET Acceptable Use Policy
prohibits backbone usage for
purposes “not in support of Research
and Education”
• 1990 - ARPANET retired
• 1991 - NSFNET backbone = 45 Mb/sec
• 1991 - new commercial backbones emerge:
Alternet, PSINet, ANS (MCI);
NSFNET traffic = 1 trillion
bytes/month
• 1992 - new concept developed: World Wide
Web; number of computers on
Internet = 1,000,000
• 1993 - PSINet and AlterNet backbones = 45
Mb/sec; DARPA changes name to
ARPA
• 1994 - Sprint begins selling Internet
connectivity; WWW traffic across
NFSNET increases 1600 times;
NSFNET traffic exceeds 10 trillion
bytes per month; can now order
Pizza Hut on the Web
• 1995 - MCI begins selling Internet
connectivity; NSF’s funding on all
this from 1986-1995 = $200 million
• 1995 - Federal Networking Council
resolution “defines” Internet (not
invented by Al Gore!)
FNC Defines Internet
• RESOLUTION: The Federal Networking Council agrees
that the following languages reflects our definition of the
term “Internet”. “Internet” refers to the global information
system that - (i) is logically linked together by a globally
unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or
its subsequent extensions/follow-ons; (ii) is able to support
communications using the Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite or its subsequent
extensions/follow-ons, and/or other IP-compatible
protocols; and (iii) provides, uses or makes accessible,
either publicly or privately, high level services layered on
the communications and related infrastructure described
herein.
• 1995 - NSFNET reverts back to a research
network; existing sites have to use
commercial network providers
• 1995 - NSF creates new research network:
vBNS, linking supercomputer
centers
• 1996 - ARPA changes name to DARPA;
MCI backbone = 622 Mb/sec
• Nov 1996 - Internet 2 project begins
• 1999 - MCI (vBNS provider for NSF)
upgrades backbone to 2.5 Gb/sec
Growth in Number of Computers on
Internet: 1982 - 1998
Growth in Number of Computers on
Internet: 1982 - 1998 (log)
Info about “The Internet”
• All About the Internet (and then some):
– http://www.isoc.org/internet/
• History and Growth:
– http://www.isoc.org/guest/zakon/Internet/History/HIT.html
• Frequently Asked Questions (a few anyway)
about the Internet:
– http://www.isoc.org/internet/faq.txt