Transcript Integrated Hardware Design For Broadband And Home Networking

Integrated Hardware
Design For Broadband
And Home Networking
Charlie Raasch
Director
Technology Planning
Personal Computing Division
Conexant Systems, Inc.
Changing Models For Internet Access
Internet
Gateway
In-house
wiring
Internet

Today’s model



Separate POTS
connections to Internet
 No simultaneous
access)
Cable modem to Internet
 Single computer
access only
FloppyNet

Tomorrow’s model



Single Internet
access point
Wireless or phone
line networking
Easily configurable
network
Requirements For
Internet Access



Single point of entry for
Internet access
Distribution of Internet data
Internet access by all devices


Simultaneously
Independently
Why?


For broadband, only one computer
can link to the outside world
Demand for rich Web content
and services

Enabled by broadband Internet access
Broadband Access





DSL*
Cable*
Modem
2 line POTS modem
Others


ISDN
Satellite
Access Pipe - Modem

Advantages




Ubiquitous
Low cost, both in client and service
Independent access by multiple devices
 No need for Internet sharing,
simple user model
Disadvantages



Long connect time
Low bandwidth
Circuit switched nature
 One circuit, one device
 ISP investment (not network provider)
 Several users per modem
Access Pipe - 2 Line Modem

Advantages




Ubiquitous
Low cost, both in client and service
Higher bandwidth than single line modem
 Near ISDN BRI rates
Disadvantages



Ties up both voice lines
 Call waiting can solve this problem
 Long connect time
Circuit switched nature
 One circuit, one PC
 Several users per modem, ISP investment
Additional ISP investment
 ISPs need to find additional revenue to
cover additional hardware
 ISP still controls the network
Moving The Data Around Market Demand For
Home Networking




Approx. 15 million multiple-PC households in U.S.
(Dataquest, Jupiter)
Multi-PC PC purchases account for 30-80% of
consumer PC purchases in U.S. (Intel-IDC)
Internet, printer and file sharing are key
driving applications
People understand networking



Almost all businesses and many schools are networked
Easy to install and low-cost are key requirements
Enables connection of PCs and “Smart Appliances”

Internet phones, Internet Set Top, etc.
Home Networking Media





10Base-T Ethernet
IEEE 1394
Powerline
Wireless
Phoneline
Networking - New
Wires Required

Many newer (nerdly) homes have Cat 5 preinstalled


10Base-T Ethernet



Will support 10/100/1000Base-T and IEEE 1394
Advantages
 Low-cost, established silicon infrastructure
Disadvantages
 New Wires required for the vast majority of homes
IEEE 1394


Advantages
 Fast
 Supports isochronous transfers
Disadvantages
 New Wires require for the vast majority of homes
 New silicon support infrastructure required
 Costs are higher than other solutions
Power Line

Advantages



Goes to at least three walls in every room in the house
 The ultimate in “No new wires”
All devices requiring wall power (almost all) need
no additional external connection
Disadvantages




Interface means are expensive
 Safety regulatory requirements key and drive cost
Noise profile on the power line
 Extreme environment for data
Data privacy
Interoperability
Wireless

Advantages



Supports roaming peripherals
No New Wires
Disadvantages





Limited bandwidth
Varying impairments
of wireless channel
Poor Interoperability - need a
true multivendor standard
Physical layer cost
Privacy/Security
Anigma WebMan
www.anigma.com
Wireless a likely winner for untethered peripherals,
assuming interoperability issues are addressed
Residential Phone Lines

Advantages



No new wires
Low-cost modulations possible
Disadvantages


Not necessarily everywhere
it is necessary
 E.g., living room for Set Tops
Regulatory and Homologation costs
Phone line a likely winner for
tethered peripherals
Focus On Phone Lines




Goes to most rooms which require
a networked device
Least expensive means to provide
wired data connectivity
Integrates well with other RJ-11
technologies to reduce system
connections to the outside world
Single standard from the outset
removes customer confusion factor
Residential Phone Lines
As A Medium (1)

Physical plant

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
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
Maximum distance between any two nodes: ~500 feet
Network topology: general tree
Cable type: unshielded twisted-pair and also unshielded
non-twisted pair
Using only Tip and Ring connectors; AWG 32-18
Node impedance: 100-600 ohm
Local loop distance to Central Office: 12,000 - 18,000 feet
Central
office
Residential Phone Lines
As A Medium (2)

Regulatory requirements



Compliance with FCC Part 15 Class B
Compliance with FCC Part 68
Compatibility to international PTT requirements




BABT confirms HLAN OK as long as it
complies with TBR-21
HLAN in an unregulated spectrum in Japan
No show-stopper issues have yet been encountered
 Still need to go through the homologation process
Market issues may limit deployment
Residential Phone Lines
As A Medium (3)

Technical challenges





Frequency-dependent amplitude
(attenuation) and delay characteristics
Round-trip node-to-node delay
Impairments: impulse noise, crosstalk
in bundles, unterminated bridged taps,
spectral nulls
Carrier Sense and Collision detection
Near-end cross-talk in local loop binder
HomePNA 1.0 Specification


Adopts Tut Systems’ networking
technology as basis for firstgeneration home phoneline
specification
Highlights of HomePNA 1.0
specification:




1Mbps data rate
Ethernet: standard 802.3 MAC, CSMA/CD
Support for up to 25 nodes across 500 ft
FCC Part 15 and Part 68-compliant
HomePNA 1.0 Features

No new wires


Compatible with existing services


True plug-and-play operation - No Hubs
Secure


Runs over poor wiring infrastructure
Simple to install and use


1Mbps, extendable to higher speeds
Robust


Internet access, voice services, and home network
coexist on the same wire
Supports high-speed data rates


Leverages existing phone wiring
Home phone wiring not shared with neighboring residences
Inexpensive

Less than $50/connection
Bandwidth Comparisons
4-gaming
6-Internet telephony
Data rate
bits per
second
4
6
33.6K Modem
2-shared Internet access
2 7 56K Modem
7 - streaming audio
1-shared print/scan
3-shared files/folders
5-backup
1 Mbyte
Transfer
Time
33.6K
56K
4m10s
2m30s
1Mb LAN
0.6Mb
13.3s
10Mb LAN
6Mb
1.3s
1
3 5
Latency requirements
Less stringent
Stringent
High-Speed Networking

Corporate requires high bandwidth




Home networks can start now with lower
bandwidth solutions

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Many many computers on one network (tens to hundreds)
Large file transfers are the norm
Significant usage
Maximum of 25 computers on one network
(1.0 specification)
Typically 2/3 computers on one network
Primary application of peripheral sharing, Internet sharing
and occasional file transfer
Wireless LAN initially at about 1/2Mbps
1Mb is sufficient for many home
LAN applications
G.992.2
POTS
Up DSL
9.5MHz
5.5MHz
4kHz
30kHz
1.1MHz
HomePNA Spectral
Compatibility
Full rate
Downstream DSL
HomePNA
f
Relationship To
ISO-OSI Model
Application
Presentation
Session
Higher Layers
Higher Layers
Logical Link Control
(LLC)
Logical Link Control
(LLC)
Media Access
Control (MAC)
Media Access
Control (MAC)
Home PNA PHY
(1.0 PHY)
Home PNA PHY
(1.0 PHY)
Transport
Network
Data link
Physical
Wire Pair
Wiring
network
HPNA 1.0 = Ethernet
Packets
Media Access
Control (MAC)
64 bits at 1.3MHz TxCLK (49us)
Preamble (7)
Delimiter
(1)
Ethernet Packet
Home PNA PHY
(1.0 PHY)
64 bits at 1.3MHz TxCLK with stretched clocks (114us)
Preamble (7)
Delimiter
(1)
Ethernet Packet
Physical operation at PHY (114us)
Sync


Robust multiple access negotiation
Ethernet Packet
PHY handles all phone
line-specific interfaces
MAC and above remains unchanged
HomePNA 1.0 Cost
Implications

Data transferred on simple pulses



Inefficient use of bandwidth
 1Mbit out of 4 MHz of bandwidth
Very low cost
 No codec
 No DSP
Low cost enables network participation
of non-computing devices

1Mbit and 10 Mbit will coexist
No DSP or host CPU processing
overhead for PHY layer
Deploying HomePNA 1.0

PC OEM


North American consumer PC models
 PCI option card added by PC OEM
 Configure-to-order (CTO)
at point of purchase
 Catalog sales for NICs
Retail

HomePNA Network Interface Cards
 PCI
 USB
PC System Architecture
Alternative #1
Alternative #2
North Bridge
Chipset
Mem, PCI, AGP
PCI
LAN
Mem, PCI, AGP,
LPC, USB, IDE,
PCI, AMR
LAN
AC-Link
PCI
Modem
Audio
Modem
+
audio
PC System Architecture
Issues
Alternative #1
Alternative #2
North Bridge
Chipset
Mem, PCI, AGP
Multiple
PCI loads
LAN
Modem
Audio
Mem, PCI, AGP,
LPC, USB, IDE,
PCI, AMR
LAN
Multiple
RJ-11 jacks
Modem
+
audio
Multiple
RJ-11 jacks
PC OEM Requirements






Cost-effective solution
Present one RJ-11 jack to user
Minimize PCI loads
Allow easy homologation
Provide clean system design
(avoid cables)
Minimize support costs

Integration of filters for modem function
Single add-in card, single RJ-11 jack
Integrated Chipset


Meets all of PC OEM requirements
Combines





V.90 modem (either software or host-controlled)
 Analog modem still required on all machines
for FAX, multiplayer applications and
corporate RAS applications
 Incremental cost of modem in combo
solution reasonable
HomePNA 1.0, 10/100 Ethernet
Multi-function PCI DMA engine services both
functions concurrently
Single board integrates necessary filters
Saves $$$ over non-combo solutions
PC System Options
Alternative #1
Alternative #2
Alternative #3
North Bridge
Chipset
Mem, PCI, AGP
PCI
Modem
+
LAN
AC-Link
PCI
Audio
Audio
Chipset
Mem, PCI, AGP,
LPC, USB, IDE,
PCI,AMR
Modem
+
LAN
Mem, PCI, AGP,
LPC, USB, IDE,
PCI,AMR
AC-Link
USB
Audio+
modem
and
LAN
ADSL As The Broadband Access
Point
Router
Voice
DSLAM
PSTN
Internet
Splitter
V.90
HLAN
DSL
Audio
RJ45
V.90
HLAN
Audio
Splitter
ADSL Wiring
RJ11
Home Phoneline Wiring
Internet Connection Sharing PC
Client PC
DSL in near term is a separate
circuit with a lower attach rate
Phone
Phone
G.992.2 As The Broadband Access
Point
Router
Voice
DSLAM
PSTN
Internet
Splitter
V.90
HLAN
G.Lite
Audio
V.90
HLAN
Audio
RJ11
Home Phoneline Wiring
Internet Connection Sharing PC
Phone
Client PC
Long term a single RJ11 is the
center of PC Comm’s
Justifies combination of
G.992.2, V.90 and HPNA
Phone
G.992.2 Integration
Alternative #1
Alternative #2
North Bridge
Chipset
Mem, PCI, AGP
PCI
G992.2
Modem
+
LAN
Mem, PCI, AGP,
LPC, USB, IDE,
PCI,AMR
AC-Link
PCI
Audio
Audio
G992.2
Modem
+
LAN
Home Network System
Diagram With PCs
Home Network System Diagram
HomePNA LAN (Private IP Network) 10.0.0.0
Internet
E.g., 206.168.145.1
HomeNet Client
4 (10.0.0.5)
HomeNet Client
3 (10.0.0.4)
HomeNet Client
2 (10.0.0.3)
HomeNet Client
1 (10.0.0.2)
HomeNet “gateway”
PC
Private network address
(10.0.0.1)
+
Each client
Windows 95/Windows 98
Internet Connection
ISP assigned
globally unique address
Auto-config (DHCP or Auto-Net)
Windows 95/98
NAT or Proxy
DHCP or Equivalent
Internet Sharing - Enabling The
Digital Home For PC And Appliances
Wireless Roving
Wireless Client
Client 2
1 (10.0.0.4)
(10.0.0.6)
HomePNA LAN (Private IP Network) 10.0.0.0
Internet
POTS, 2 line POTS, DSL or cable
E.g., 206.168.145.1
HomeNet Set Top
Client 4
(10.0.0.5)
HomeNet Client PC HomeNet Client PC
2 (10.0.0.3)
1 (10.0.0.2)
Internet sharing device
Internet Access and Distribution node
Private network address
(10.0.0.1)
+
Each client
Internet Connection
ISP assigned
globally unique address
Auto-config (UPnP, DHCP or Auto-Net)
Windows CE/Embedded RTOS
NAT or Proxy
DHCP or Equivalent
UPnP
Summary

A central point of Internet access is required with
broadband Internet connections





Many broad-band access methods are available
A genuine market for home networking exists
in multi-PC homes for Internet distribution
and data sharing
Open standards are in place for phone line-based
home networking


Distributing that data must be done through a PC-based or
appliance-based Internet connection sharing device
A central point is desired even with modem
only Internet connection
 Allows for multi-device access through one connection
Success of networking relies on a single standard from the
outset - Any other successful medium must do the same
Combining Internet access and home networking
provides a low cost, user friendly solution