Transcript Explorers - Henry County Schools

Explorers
© 2005 Clairmont Press
Essential Questions
Which European countries
explored and attempted to
colonize the Southeastern
United States?
 How did Native American
culture change as a result of
European exploration?
Day 1
The Amazing Race
of Discovery
1000
1000
Early Viking explorer Leif Ericson
arrives in North America.
1200
1271
1295
Marco Polo travels to China to get
spices, jewels, perfumes, and silks.
Marco Polo returns from China with
fascinating tales of the Far East.
1300
1347
“Black Death,” a plague, kills one third
of Europe’s population.
1400
1400
Small, light Portugese ships called
caravels explore the coast of Africa.
1400
Prince Henry builds a school of
navigation. His ships find a route
around the southern tip of Africa.
1450
Portugese build larger ships called
- 1500 Merchant Ships to use for trade.
1488
Bartholomeu Dias wants to find an allwater route to Asia by heading around
Africa. He makes it as far as the
southern tip of Africa.
1400
1492
1497
1498
1498
1499
Christopher Columbus completes his
first voyage to San Salvador (Salvador
means “Holy Savior.”)
John Cabot wanted to find an all-water
route to Asia by traveling north and west.
Columbus completes voyages to
South America.
Vasco da Gama wanted to find an allwater route to Asia by heading around
Africa.
Amerigo Vespucci voyages to
the Americas.
1506
1507
1513
1500
Christopher Columbus dies believing
he had discovered an unknown part of
Asia.
Geographer Waldseemuller names
the continent America after mapmaker
Amerigo Vespucci.
Juan Ponce de Leon was looking for
gold and the “fountain of youth”. He
claimed Florida.
1513
1519
1519 1522
1500
Vasco Nunez de Balboa wanted to find
riches a way across America; first
European to reach the Pacific Ocean.
Hernando Cortes wanted to conquer
the Aztecs for their gold and silver. He
conquered the Aztecs, stole their gold
and silver, and claimed their land for
Spain.
Ferdinand Magellan wanted to reach
Indies by sailing west. Though he was
killed, his crew reached the Indies and
sailed around the world.
1524
1531
1500
Giovanni da Verrazano wanted to find
a Northwest Passage to Asia. He
explored the coast of North America
from what is now the State of North
Carolina up to Canada.
Francisco Pizarro wanted to conquer
the Incas and take all of their gold and silver.
1534
Jacques Cartier wanted to find a
Northwest Passage to Asia. He
discovered the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the
St. Lawrence River and claimed the area of
France.
1500
1539
1540
1550
Hernando de Soto explores the
Southeast, reaching the Mississippi
River.
Francisco de Coronado travels in the
Southwest.
England builds a speedy fleet of royal
ships called Men-of-War.
1500
1562
1565
1577
Jean Ribault explores Coast of North
Florida and Georgia.
Pedro Menendez explores St.
Augustine and established Spain’s 1st
Successful Settlement.
Sir Francis Drake was the first
Englishman to sail around the world.
1600
1608
1609
1673
Samuel de Champlain called the
“Father of New France,” is the first
explorer of his day to see the Great
Lakes.
Henry Hudson investigates the
Hudson River and Canada for England.
Father Jacque Marquette and Louis
Joliet explore the upper Mississippi.
Day 2
st
1
European Explorer
Leif Ericson – Around 1000
1st European to set foot
on North America
 Viking Explorer
Sailed from Greenland
Landed along the
coast of Canada.
Settled Briefly,
but Returned to
Greenland
Explorer
Date
Leif Ericson
1000
Country
Represented
Viking
Territory
Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Coast of Canada
Settled Briefly, But
Returned to
Greenland
Age of Discovery
• For almost 3 centuries, European
nations would challenge each other for
rights to the Western Hemisphere.
Europeans believed the world
consisted of only 3 continents:
World
Europe
Africa
Asia
Plus Scattered Islands in the
Ocean
Far East
• Europeans
were really
interested in
the Far East
(a region of
Southeastern
Asia that
included India,
China, and
Japan).
Source of Goods
•
•
•
•
Silk
Spices
Tea
Gems
• Muslim traders in western Asia, however,
controlled the land and sea routes over
which these goods were supplied to the
west.
• The Age of
Discovery
began
because
European
nations
wanted
their own direct access to the Far East.
Portugal
• Portugal took an early lead in this race.
• Explored the western coast of Africa in search of
an eastern route to the Indies.
• In 1497, Vasco de Gama was the first European to
journey to India by sea.
Explorer
Date
Vasco de Gama
1497
Country
Represented
Portugal
Territory
Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
western coast of
Africa
Found Eastern Route
to the Indies
Spain
• Christopher Columbus believed that only
ocean separated Europe from the Indies...
• King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella financed
his great exploration.
• Columbus was
instructed to discover
and conquer any
islands or continents
he should find on
behalf of Spain.
Columbus Sets Sail
• Christopher Columbus and his crew
set sail aboard the The Nina, Pinta,
and Santa
Maria.
• Journey
Took
6 Weeks
• Columbus discovered
San Salvador Island
(part of today’s
Bahamas) on
October 12, 1492.
Convinced that these were part of the Indies,
Columbus called the dark-skinned natives –
Indians (term Europeans came to apply to all
natives in this newly discovered world.)
• Disappointed to find no silk, spices, or
riches, except for native jewelry.
• Returned to Spain with the great news that a
westward route had been found.
Columbus later explored the coasts of
Central and South America and other
Caribbean islands.
Explorer
Date
Country
Represented
Christopher Columbus 1492 Spain
Territory
Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Discovered North
America
Explored the Island of
San Salvador
Discovered the New
World and Opened It
for European
Exploration
Amerigo Vespucci
 Italian
Businessman
 Mapmaker
America
 Convinced that a new continent had been
found
 Called the new region a New World named the
new land “America.”
 Soon other explorers discovered that
“America” was not just one continent but two...
Line of Demarcation
All lands east of this line could be
claimed by Portugal, while land to
the west
(including
Georgia)
went to
Spain.
England & France
Other European nations refused to accept Spain
and Portugal’s division of the Americas between
themselves.
 England and France prepared to make their
own explorations.
England
In 1497, John Cabot sailed from England to the
northeastern coast of North America.
Explorer
Date
John Cabot
1497
Country
Represented
England
Territory
Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Explored Coast of
North America
Established England’s
Claim to the Eastern
Seaboard of North
America
The Race Is On...
Spain financed
more than 80
voyages to the
New World
during the 12
years after
Columbus’s
first voyage.
How much land could an
explorer claim and
for how long?
Any first discovery claims had to be followed by
actual occupation
 It was not enough to plant a flag on the beach.
 To enforce a claim, settlers and soldiers from the
explorer’s country must follow and colonize
(occupy and control) the land.
 Did not require permission from Native
Americans.
 Felt a moral duty to convert the natives to
Christianity.
Expand Its
Empire
Glory
God
Convert the
Natives
Spain
Comes to
the
Southeast
Discover
New Riches
Gold
More Than Gold Changed Hands...
Take to
the New
World
Wheat
Oranges
Sugar
cane
Horses
Cows
Pigs
Chickens
Bring
Back to
Spain
Corn
Potatoes
Tomatoes
Pineapple
Tobacco
Juan Ponce de Leon
In 1513, First explorer to set foot on the soil
of what today is the United States (Florida
Coast/St. Augustine.
 Came in search of
riches, adventure, and
a legendary fountain of
youth
Explorer
Date
Country
Represented
Juan Ponce de Leon 1) 1513 Spain
2) 1521
Territory
Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
1) Eastern Coast of
Florida
2) Western Coast of
Florida
First Spanish Explorer
to Set Foot on North
American Mainland
Failed to Find the
Fountain of Youth
Lucas Vazquez de Allyon
A young Spanish lawyer
Owner of a sugar cane plantation
that was worked by Indian slaves
 Many of the slaves died from disease
Began looking to the north for more
Indians to enslave
Arrived in present-day South
Carolina and then sailed southward
 Established a new settlement of men, women, children,
and Africans called San Miguel de Gualdape
 However, cold weather and Allyon’s death followed.
 Soon, San Miguel de Gualdape was abandoned.
Explorer
Lucas Vazquez de Ayllon
Date Country
Represented
1526 Spain
Territory
Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Explored South
Carolina and Georgia
Coast
First European to Set
Foot in Georgia
Unsuccessfully
Attempted a
Settlement
Hernando de Soto
Mission:
Search for Gold &
Conquer Hostile
Indians
• In return, he would be given a
title, land, and a portion of the
colony’s profits.
In 1540, Spanish explorer Hernando De
Soto, with hundreds of men, marched
north from Tampa, Florida into
southwest Georgia (near today’s
Albany).
The Mississippians
• On this journey, the Spanish
encountered the Indian chiefdoms of
the Mississippian period.
Journey of Death &
Disappointment
• Food was a continual problem.
• Often seized stored food supplies
from Indians.
• Meat was in
such short
supply that the
expedition
reportedly even
ate the dogs
of some Indian
villages.
Native
Americans
Spanish
Guns
Weapons of
Stone &
Wood
Steel Swords
Metal Armor
Horses
De Soto’s weapons, plated armor, and horses
overwhelmed the Native Americans;
thousands of American Indians in Georgia
died, many from disease brought by the
Spaniards.
Diseases
 The Native Americans were exposed for the
first time to European diseases against
which they had little resistance.
Measles
Chicken pox
Small pox
During the two centuries following the
discovery of the New World,
90% of the Native Population vanished.
Descendants
Cherokees
Creeks
The Spaniards marched across Georgia
into South Carolina, but never found the
gold they sought.
Explorer
Date
Country
Represented
Spain
Hernando de Soto
1540
Territory
Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Explored Georgia and Failed to Find Riches,
Southeastern North
Brought Death and
America
Destruction to Indians
French Claims in the
Southeast
• France was the 3rd European power to enter
the race for North America.
• Giovanni de Verrazano believed that he
could sail westward
from Europe to Asia.
• First, landed on
the Carolina coast.
Explorer
Giovanni de Verrazano
Date Country
Represented
1524 France
Territory
Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Explored Coast of
North America
Established France’s
Claim to North
America
Jean Ribault
• Jean Ribault and a band of 150 Hugenots
(French Protestants) landed on Florida’s
coast and sailed northward looking for a
place to settle.
Charles Fort
Just north of present-day Savannah, Ribault
discovered a protected inlet, which he named
Port Royal.
The French constructed Charles Fort, the first
European fort on the North American mainland.
 Two years later a second group of Hugenots
arrived and
built Fort Caroline.
Explorer
Date
Jean Ribault
1562
Country
Represented
France
Territory
Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Explored Coast of
North Florida and
Georgia
Established Charles
Fort in the Carolinas,
north of Present Day
Savannah
Catholic Spain Was
Outraged!
• Pedro Menendez and a
large force of soldiers
and colonists sailed
from Spain.
• They quickly drove the
French out and captured
Fort Caroline and then
executed the French
Huguenots.
Spanish Settlements
• Menendez founded St. Augustine (Spain’s
first successful settlement in North
America).
• In an attempt to convert the Indians to
Christianity, Spain built Catholic Missions.
• Friars (Church
missionaries)
lived and worked
with the Indians
at these outposts.
Explorer
Date
Country
Represented
Spain
Pedro Menendez
1565
Territory
Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Florida
Founded St.
Augustine, Spain’s
first successful
settlement in North
America
Spanish Settlements in
Georgia
• Georgia’s coast was divided into two
Spanish provinces:
Guale
• North
• Coastal Area
Between
Savannah &
Altamaha Rivers
Mocama
• South
• Area Between
the Altamaha
and St. Mary’s
Rivers