Transcript Voice Over IP

Emerging Technology Development for Multimedia
Communications
John Pang Yu Ph. D.
Managing Director
The Emerging Technologies Cooperative, Inc.
Menlo Park, California USA
National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 1 of 48
Confidential
Table of Contents (Continued)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
DCoIP Device and System Developers
Existing and Proposed Standards
Quality of Services
Technical Advancements
DCoIP Market Trends
DCoIP Challenges
References
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 3 of 48
Confidential
Introduction To Conventional Communication
Technological Concepts
•
•
•
•
Transmission Line Loss, Echoes, Delay, Gain
Insertion Loss, Impedance Matching, Crosstalk, Return Loss
Signal Bandwidth and Noise Measurement
Differential Gain and Differential Phase (non-linearity of a two-port
system)
• X.25 Seven Layer Protocol: Application, Presentation, Session,
Transport, Network, Data Link and Physical
• Modulation:
Amplitude-Modulated Signals: Double-Sideband with Transmitter Carrier;
Double-Sideband with Suppressed Carrier; Single-Sideband with Transmitter
Carrier.
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 4 of 48
Confidential
Introduction To Conventional Communication
Technological Concepts (Continued)
• Modulation:
Amplitude-Modulated Signals: Vestigial-Sideband with
Transmitter Carrier (TV RF Signal)
Angle-Modulated Signals; Pulse Amplitude Modulation; Pulse
Duration Modulation; Pulse Code Modulation; FrequencyModulated Signals; Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• Multiplexing:
Space Division Multiplex (SDM); Frequency Division Multiplex;
Time-Domain Multiplex (TDM); Wavelength Division Multiplex
(WDM); Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL) Access Multiplex
(DSLAMs)
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 5 of 48
Confidential
Some Data Communication Interface Standards
• Committee Consulting International Telephone and Telegraph
(CCITT)
• Electronic Industrial Association (EIA): RS-232-C, RS-422,
RS-485
• PSTN, ISDN, DSL, DSLAM, T1 (DS-1: 1.544 Mbps), E1 (2.048
Mbps), OC-1 (STS-1: 51.84 Mbps)
• T.38: Voice, Data and Fax over Different Telephone Lines
• Loop Start Interface (LSI: analog PSTN)
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 6 of 48
Confidential
Interactive Video Display System
• A Bi-Directional Interactive Data Communication Systems Via MODEM and
Telephone Line
• Image Plans and video Graphic Mode
• Texts and Graphics Mixed Mode
• Video Graphics and Texts Display Processors in A Digital Format
• Information Retrieval Between Video Display Terminal and Terminal
• Information Retrieval Between Video Display Terminal and Database
(Information Provider)
• A Bi-Directional Interactive Data Communication System Via RF MODEM
and Cable
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 7 of 48
Confidential
Worldwide Video Standards
NTSC
PAL
SECAM
Line / Field
525 / 60
625 / 50
H. Frequency
15.734 KHz
15.625 KHz
V. Frequency
Color Subcarrier
59.94 Hz
3.579545 MHz
50 Hz
4.433618 MHz
Sound Carrier
Video Bandwidth (Y)
4.5 MHz (FM)
4.2 MHZ
6.0 MHz (FM)
5.5 MHz
Video Component
R G B Or
Y I Q or
Y B-Y R-Y
2 : 1
30
4 : 3
R G B Or
YUV
819 / 50 “E” Mono
625 / 50 “L” Color
20.745 KHz “E”
15.625 KHZ “L”
50 Hz “E” & “L”
4.40625 MHz OR
4.25000 MHz OB
6.5 MHz (AM) “L”
10 MHz “E”
6.0 MHz “L”
R G B Or
YUV
2 : 1
25
4 : 3
2 : 1
25
4 : 3
Interlaced
Frames / Second
Aspect Ratio
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 8 of 48
Confidential
Proposed HDTV Standards
Japan
USA
Europe
Line / Field
1125 / 60
1050 / 59.94
1152 / 50
H. Frequency
V. Frequency
33.7495 KHz
60 Hz
31.468 KHz
59.94 Hz 50 Hz
31.25 KHz
Video Bandwidth (Y)
30 MHz
40 MHz
Chrominance BW (B-Y)
Chrominance BW (R-Y)
15 MHz
15 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
Interlaced
Frames / Second
Aspect Ratio
2 : 1
30
16 : 9
2 : 1
30
16 : 9
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 9 of 48
Confidential
2 : 1
25
16 : 9
Telecommunications Digital Transmission Hierarch Highlights
Digital
Signal
DS-0
Optical
Transmit
DS-1
DS-2
DS-3
OC-1
OC-3
Electrical
Transmit
E0 /J0
Line
Bit Rate
64 Kbps
T1 /J1
E1
T2
E2
E3
T3
STS-1
E4
STS-3
1.544 Mbps 1.536 Mbps 24
2.048
32
6.312
96
8.448
128
34.368
512
44.736
672
51.84
50
672
139.264
2048
155.52
150
2016
274.176
4032
466.56
451
6048
622.08
601
8064
1.244 Gbps 1.20 Gbps 16128
4.976
4.81
64512
13.271
172032
39.813
516096
DS-4
OC-9
OC-12
OC-24
OC-96
OC-256
OC-768
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
STS-9
STS-12
STS-24
STS-96
Effective # DS0s in
Data Rate Payload
64 Kbps
1
Slide 10 of 48
Confidential
#DS1s in
Payload
#DS3s
Others SDH
in Payload
Level
1
4
28
28
1
1
84
168
252
336
672
2688
7168
3
6
9
12
24
96
256
STM-1
4 OC-3
STM-3
STM-4
STM-8
STM-32
Introduction to Digital Contents over IP
The Adoption and Implementation of Digital Content over IP Can
be Justified by the Following:
 Increasing Voice/Data/Video Convergence
 IP is Now the “Common Protocol”; RSVP Protocol for
Bandwidth Reservation and RTP Protocol for Detecting Missing
Packets to Improve Quality of Services
 Packetized Compressed Voice Has Shown Cost-Effective
Solutions (High-Class Coding Algorithms)
 Intranets and Extranets are Growing Rapidly
 Voice Over Frame Relay is Being Successfully Deployed in
Major Corporate Network
 The Rapid Growth of Digital Multimedia Contents in Internet
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 11 of 48
Confidential
DCoIP Network Topology
Gatekeeper
IP Network
Connection
IP Network
Connection
PSTN to VoIP
VoIP to PSTN
Gateway
IP
Network
IP Network
Connection
PSTN to VoIP
VoIP to PSTN
Gateway
Phone
Line
Phone
Line
PSTN
PSTN
Phone
Line
Phone
Line
Equipment to Bridge the Circuit-Switched Network
and Packet-Switched Network
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 12 of 48
Confidential
DCoIP Network Topology
Router
Router
H.323
EndPoints
H.323
EndPoints
H.323 MCS
with
gateway
H.323
EndPoint
POTS
ISDN
H.323
EndPoints
Telephone
Firewall &
H.323
proxy
H.323
Gatekeeper
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Circuit
Switched
Network
INTERNET
Slide 13 of 48
Confidential
H.323 MCS
with
gateway
H.323
EndPoint
DCoIP Network Topology
H.323
ITU
Terminals
Circuit
Switched
Network
H.320
ISDN
H.324
PSTN
H.323
H.323
Internet
H.323
Terminals
Gateway
H.323 Zone
H.323
GateKeeper
MCU
H.323
H.323
Terminals
Major Entities in an H.32X Environment: H.323 Terminals,
Gateways, Gatekeepers and MCUs.
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 14 of 48
Confidential
Circuit-Switched Network
 Characteristics - Constant Bit Rate; Full Bandwidth
After Call Setup; Low Latency, Constant Delay;
Incremental Bandwidth Available (Add B Channels)
 Protocols - ISDN, Robbed Bit Signaling
 Medium - T1 / Fractional T1, DDS at 56 kbps Lines
 Addressing Schemes - Use Phone Numbers; Statically
Assigned; Public Directory Assistance if Unknown
 H.320 Terminals
 Intended for Voice Transmission
 Data Transmission Using Modems
 High Quality connections – Low Delay, High
Reliability, full Duplex 56 / 64 Kbps Channels
 Basis for Toll Quality
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 15 of 48
Confidential
Packet-Switched Network
 Characteristics - Burst Mode; Variable Bit Rate; Variable Latency and
Variable Delay; Non-Guaranteed Quality of Services in Current
Network Topologies; Incremental Bandwidth Quickly Becoming
More Available
 Protocols - TCP/IP, IPCP (Internet Protocol Control Protocol), DHCP
(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
 Medium - Ethernet, Frame Relay, ATM Networks and TCP/IP
Transport
 H.323 Terminals
 Addressing Schemes - IP Address; Static or Dynamic Assignment;
Directory Servers - Maintain User IP Address by Name or Alias; IP
Address Can Change Depending on Your Location
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 16 of 48
Confidential
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
 New Version of Internet Protocol
 Used 128-Bit Address and Allow Embedding IEEE 802
Address
 Flow Label to Identify Real Time and Special Handling
Traffic
 Increased Scalability for Network Architectures
 Improved Security and Data Integrity
 Autoconfiguration
 Multicast Support Standardized
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 17 of 48
Confidential
IPv4 vs IPv6
• Address space increased from 32 bits to 128
– IPv4 has about 4 Billion addresses (US, Europe, rest of the world)
– IPv6 has about 2^128 = 3.4 X 10 ^ 38 addresses
• Approx. 665 X 10 ^21 addresses per sq.m of the earth surface
• IPv6 has built in IP security (IPsecurity is part of IPv6)
• IPv6 has fixed length header.
– Optimized for hardware implementation
• IPv6 has improved support for QoS, Multicast and Mobile IP
• IPv6 has support for domestic appliances
• Government (DOD 2008), University and Industry lead
initiatives
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 18 of 48
Confidential
IPv6 Partners
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 19 of 48
Confidential
IPv6 Partners (Continued)
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 20 of 48
Confidential
IPv6 Partners (Continued)
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 21 of 48
Confidential
Major System Components
Terminals
 Bi-Directional Real-Time Communication for the User
 Enable Voice Connections, Video and Data
Communication are Optional
 Supporting H.245 for Describing the Negotiation of the
Appropriate or Required Terminal Functionality
Gateways
 Translate Between Physical Media, Network Protocols,
Conferencing Protocols and Addressing
 Translate Between Different Audio or Video Codes in
Real Time, Allow H.320 Endpoints to Use T.120
Conferencing Effectively
 Support Voice Over IP and Multimedia Conferencing
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 22 of 48
Confidential
Major System Components (Continued)
 Locate at Multimedia Conference Servers, Stand-Alone Equipment,
Network Servers, Routers, Remote Access Servers, Multimedia PBX,
Network Services Authorization and Authentication
 Serve Conferences Interoperability Between H.320 and H.323 Endpoints
Complying With Different ITU Standards, Diverse Network Transport,
Diverse Audio or Video Codecs
 Connect Incompatible Devices by Device Emulation at the Network
Level; a Good Gateway is Invisible Just Like the Gateway Embedded in
the Telephone Network
 A media gateway provides translation of protocols for call setup and
release, conversion of media formats between different networks:
 Transfer of information between H.323 and SIP networks on an IP
Network
 Translation between transmission formats and communication signals and
procedures (e.g. between IP and PSTN)
 Passes call signaling not applicable to the media gateway through to the
network endpoint (e.g. supplemental services such as call forwarding)
 Performs call setup and clearing on both sides
 Translates between encoding formats
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 23 of 48
Confidential
Major System Components (Continued)
Gatekeepers
 An Optional Element of H.323
 Link Endpoints Directly to Gatekeepers
 Reside Anywhere in H.323 Network Entities or Run as
Server Application
 Do Bandwidth and Resource Management, Access
Control, Endpoint Registration, Zone Definition,
Enhanced Call Control and Address Translation
 Platform Independent
 An Embedded Component in Hardware Building Block
 Gatekeeper "Engine" Software Development Application
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 24 of 48
Confidential
Major System Components (Continued)
Multipoint Control Units
 Provide Audio Bridge With Value-Added Video
Multipoint Capabilities, Unattended Operation, Full
Audio Mixing With Advanced Techniques for High
Quality Compressed Speech
 Support Multicast and Unicast Sessions
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 25 of 48
Confidential
DCoIP Device and System Developers
 Lucent, Cisco, Nortel Networks, Ericsson, HP, Intel, Deutsche
Telecom, Madge, Micom, NetManage, Netscape, Netspeak,
Rockwell, Siemens, VCON, VocalTec, White Pine
 Siemens - First Equipment Vendor to Provide a Complete
Global System Solution That Meets the Needs of New and
Existing Service Providers for IP Telephony
 AT&T Deployed VoIP by Installing Clarent Gateways at 38
Locations (10 Domestics, and 28 Throughout the World), Two
Gatekeepers - Getting Comparable Voice Quality to the PSTN
and Getting Savings Up to 50 %
 Netphone Services is Gaining Popularity Because Rates are 60
% Lower Than Ordinary Phone Charges
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 26 of 48
Confidential
DCoIP Device and System Developers (Continued)
 Sprint to Trial Net2phone Services for International Calls
Deploying Voice Over IP for Asian Countries to Assist
Customer Inquires in Mandarin, Cantonese and Korean
 Cisco to Plan to Acquire UK-Based Internet Telephone Firm
Calista ($55 Million in Stock)
 Cisco to Introduce a Voice Module in 1997 for Their 3600
Series Routers for Interfacing Voice, Fax, and Data Across
Existing Data Infrastructures to Reduce Costs by Routing
Phone and Fax Traffic Over the IP Network Instead of PSTN
 Analog Devices Announced First T1-on-a-Chip (ADSP21mod980) for Data and Voice Over IP Which Can be
Configured Any Port for Any Protocol
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 27 of 48
Confidential
DCoIP Device and System Developers (Continued)
 Lucent Developed Clear Presence Audio Coder Analternative to the ITU G.722 Wideband Speech Coding
Standard (16, 24 and 32 kbps for Videoconferencing and
Telephony) at 48, 56 and 64 kbps
 Netspeak - WebPhone H.323
 DSP Group Developed VoIP Co-processor (CT8022 DSP)
Complying With ITU-T Standards G.723.1 and G.729A+B
(8 kbps)
 VocalTec - Internet Phone
 Microsoft - MetMeeting H.323
 Intel - Internet Video Phone H.323
 White Pine - CU-SeeMe H.323
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 28 of 48
Confidential
DCoIP Device and System Developers (Continued)
 Nortel Networks Developed Call-Waiting to Allow Home-Based
Web Surfers to Act Upon Incoming Calls Without Interrupting Their
Internet Connection
 Lucent, Stinger (Internet Service Provider) and Local Phone
Company Can Offer DSL Service - High Speed Video, Data and
Voice Sent Over Traditional Phone Lines With 30 Times Faster
Than Traditional Phone Service Without Compromising the QoS
 Shomiti Systems Introduced New VoIP Product, Multi QoS
Parameters, Tested H.323 Family of Protocols
 Selsius (Acquired by Cisco) Developed an Ethernet Telephone for
Connecting to an IP-Based PBX
 Touchwave Developed a PBX System Connecting to IP LAN/WAN
 Vienna Systems Developed an Ethernet Telephone Connecting to
the IP Network
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 29 of 48
Confidential
Existing and Proposed Standards
Network
ISDN
PSTN
Packetswitched
B-ISDN
(ATM)
Ethernet
IEEE802.9
Multimedia
Standard
H.320
H.324
H.323
H.321
H.322
Audio/voice
G.711 (M)
G.722
G.728
G.723.1 (M)
G.729
G.711 (M)
G.722
G.728
G.711 (M)
G.722
G.728
Audio rates,
Kbps
64
48-64
5.3-6.3
8
G.711 (M)
G.722
G.728
G.723.1
G.729
64
48-64
16
5.3-6.3
8
H.261 (M)
64
48-64
64
48-64
16
16
H.261 (M)
H.261 (M)
16
Video
H.261 (M)
Data *
Multiplex
Control
Signaling
T.120
H.221 (M)
H.242 (M)
Q.931
H.261 (M)
H.263
T.120
H.223 (M)
H.245 (M)
_
T.120
T.120
T.120
H.225.0 (M)
H.221 (M)
H.221 (M)
H.245 (M)
H.242 (M)
H.242 (M)
H.225.0
Q.931
Q.931
(Q.931)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
(M) = Mandatory
* for example, Whiteboarding application
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 30 of 48
Confidential
Video Compression Techniques
Type Compression (CODEC)
Rate
Formats
Application
H.261
p x 64Kbit/s (p is in the
range 1-30).
QCIF, CIF
PSTN, PSDN
H.263
20-30kbps and above
QCIF, CIF
SQCIF, 4CIF
16CIF. SQCIF
PSTN, PSDN, Video
Conferencing, Video
Telephony
H.264
Less than 1 Mb/s
MPEG-4 AVC
Internet Protocolbased broadcastquality video
MPEG 2
IS-13818
4 Mbps or higher
Progressive
coding
broadcast quality
video
MPEG4
'ISO/IEC 14496'
Less than 1.15Mb/s
MPEG-4
Digital television,
Interactive graphics
applications,
Interactive
multimedia
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 31 of 48
Confidential
Existing and Proposed Standards (Continued)
H.323 Protocol Stack
 H.323 Entities include Terminals, Gateways, Gatekeepers and Multipoint Control Unit;
APIs; Object and Source Code; Version 2 to Include H.450 and H.235.
 H.323 Version 2 Provides the Following: Compression Schemes, Real Security Measures, Improved
Signaling, QoS, and Improved Resource Management.
 H.323 Enlists a Number of Other Protocols for Interoperability as Follows:










G.711, G.722, G.728, G.723.1, G.729 for Codec at the Presentation Layer (OSI model)
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) at the Transport Layer
Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) at the Network Layer
Real-Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)
H.225 for Standard Call Setup Sequences / Packet Synchronization
H.245 Specifies Messages for Opening and Closing Channels for Media Streams, and Other Commands,
Requests and Indications at the Session Layer
H.261 for Video Codec for Audiovisual at P x 64 kbps
H.263 for a New Codec for Video Over PSTN
T.120 Series of Multimedia Communications Protocol
T.38 for Real-Time Fax; Procedures for Real Time Group 3 Facsimile Communication
Between Terminals Using IP Networks
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 32 of 48
Confidential
IP Protocols H.323, SIP, MGCP, Megaco/H.248
•
H.323
– IP communications protocol for real-time voice and video over IP.
– Includes core protocol and gatekeeper toolkits.
– International Telecommunications Union (ITU) recommendation for audio, video, and data
communications across IP-based networks.
•
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
– Signaling protocol for establishing real-time calls and conferences over IP networks.
– SIP is an IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Protocol.
•
MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol)
– A complementary IETF protocol to H.323 and SIP
– Defines the communication procedures for a Media Gateway Controller to provide
instructions and to gather information from Media Gateways
•
Megaco/H.248 (Media Gateway Control)
– Similar to MGCP, jointly defined by the IETF and ITU-T SG-16
– Gradually replacing MGCP
– Megaco renamed GCP (Gateway Control Protocol) -- RFC 3525
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 33 of 48
Confidential
RTP / RTCP
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)
• Provides end-to-end delivery services of real-time Audio (G.711, G.723.1,
G.728, etc.) and Video (H.261, H.263),
• Data is transported via the user datagram protocol (UDP).
• RTP provides payload-type identification, sequence numbering, time
stamping, and delivery monitoring.
• UDP provides multiplexing and checksum services.
• RTP can be used with other transport protocols.
Real-Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)
• Counterpart of RTP that provides control services
• Primary function of RTCP is to provide feedback on the quality of the data
distribution – RTCP-XR
• Carries transport-level identifier for an RTP source
– Used by receivers to synchronize audio and video.
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 34 of 48
Confidential
Existing and Proposed Standards (Continued)
ITU-T Speech Coding Standards
Standards
Description





G.711 64 kbps PCM (Both A-Law and u-Law) (1988)
G.722 Wideband Vocoder Operating at 64, 56, or 48 kbps
G.726 ADPCM Vocoder Recommendation That Folds G.721 and G.723
G.727 Embedded ADPCM Operating at 40, 32, 24, or 16 kbps
G.728 16-kbps Low-Delay Code-Excited Linear Prediction Vocoder
(LD-CELP)
 G.729 8-kbps Conjugate-Structure Algebraic-Code-Excited Linear
Prediction (CS-ACELP)
 G.729A Annex A: Reduced Complexity 8 kbps CS-ACELP Speech Code
 G.723.1 Low-Bit-Rate Vocoder for Multimedia Communications Operating at
6.3 and 5.3 kbps (1996)
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 35 of 48
Confidential
Quality of Services
QoS
Technical Constraints
 Latency is the Most Technical Problem Over Internet Telephony: by Delay,
Delay Variance (or Jitter), Asymmetrical Delay, and Unpredictable Delay
 Twenty (20) ms Coast-to-Coast Delay in the U.S. : Mostly Not Noticeable
 Fifty (50) ms Delay is Noticeable
 250 ms Delay by the Satellites - Conversation Becomes Difficult
 350 ms Delay Over the Public Internet From Encoding and Packetizing
at Both Ends of the Call
 Standard Half-Duplex Sound Card: Amateur Radio Conversation Quality
 Latency is Dependent on Lost a Packet (30 ms) or Packets, Packet Size,
Buffer Size, Speaker Behavior Parameter, Protocol Application, Frame
Delay, Speech Process Delay, Bridging Delay, PC Too Overloaded to
Run Vocoder, and Protocol Limitations
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 36 of 48
Confidential
Quality of Services (Continued)
Performance Evaluations:
 Delay 200 Milliseconds From a Private IP Network With Good
Encoding and Excellent DSP Technologies
 Laboratory Demonstrations to Analyze Voice Quality With 100 ms,
150 ms, 200 ms, and 250 ms Latency With the Following Setups:
1. Workstation-to-Workstation Using the Gatekeeper
2. Workstation-to-Phone Using the Cisco 3620 as a H.323 Gateway
3. Phone-to-Phone Using Netrix 2210 and Cisco 3620 for Calls
Connections Through IP Network
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 37 of 48
Confidential
Effect of Delay on Voice Quality
> 25ms Echo Cancellation Required
<150 ms (with echo
cancellation): acceptable
150-400 ms:
acceptable if
delay expected
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 38 of 48
Confidential
Technical Advancements
 Resource ReserVation Protocol (RSVP) - It is a Receiver-Driven and
up to the Receiver to Select Which Source to Receive and Amount of
Bandwidth to be Reserved or Paid for
 Parallel IP Networks - Different Bandwidth Allocations for Data and
Multimedia by Virtual or Physical
 Packet Networks Take on Circuit Networks
 Parallel or Overlay Networks are Being Built to Support Real-time
Multimedia Traffic
 Today’s DSP Delivers More Than 15 Times the Price/Performance
of Its Predecessors Ten Years Ago, Providing 100 MIPS or Faster for
Voice and Video Compression and Thus Reducing Latency
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 39 of 48
Confidential
VoIP Market Trends
300
250
250
200
Percent of
150
Overall
WAN T raffic
128
100
107
135
121
115
106
100
58
50
23
10
2
0
1996
1997
1998
1999
YEARS
Source: The Yankee Group
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Voice vs IP Growth
Slide 40 of 48
Confidential
2000
2001
IP
Voice
VoIP Market Trends
90
81.7
80
70
60
Minutes
(in Billions)
50
47.4
40
30
25
20
11.7
10
0.1
0.48
3.6
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
YEARS
2001
2002
2003
Voice Minutes Over IP by Year
Source: The Yankee Group, 1997
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 41 of 48
Confidential
DCoIP Market Trends
30
30
25
19
20
19
16
Percent of
15
Respondents
Internet
Intranet
Frame Relay
ATM
13
10
8
6
5
3
3
5
6
3
0
1-5
5-10
Greater than 10
Percent of T raffic over VSANs
How Much Voice Traffic Will Migrate to VSANs Over the
Next Five Years ?
Source: The Yankee Group
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 42 of 48
Confidential
VSAN: Voice Services Over
Alternate Networks
DCoIP Market Trends
Too Unreliable
Not Secure
Enough
Strongly Disagree
Somewhat Disagree
Neither Agree nor Disagree
Somewhat Agree
Strongly Agree
Poor Voice
Quality
Lack of
Standards
No Significant
Cost Savings
0%
50%
100%
Percentage of Respondents
User Perceptions of Voice over the Internet
Source: The Yankee Group
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 43 of 48
Confidential
DCoIP Market Trends
 More IP-Based Services - Proxy Services for H.323
 More Security Features - Encryption for Conference Security, IP
Security (IETF Standard)
 More Network Interfaces - ATM, Frame Relay, Direct Dial IP Over ISDN
 VoIP Market Potential - $560 Million for IT User in 1999, 34 % of
Telephone Calls Carried on Packet Networks by 2005
 EURO IP Telephone Market Worth $3.9 Billion by 2003 Per Dataquest
 Asia’s E-Commerce: Jumping to $40 Billion in 2003; Jump 100 % Annually
 The VoIP Market Revenues at $290 Million in 1999 and Predict Only $1.8
Billion in Sales in 2003
 U.S. Unified Messaging Market for Business: $175 Million (1997 - 1998)
and Lucent had 24 % Market Share Per Frost & Sullivan’s Report
 Real Value of VoIP is Its Ability to Integrate Voice and Data for
Multimedia Applications, Not Just A Low Cost Alternate to PSTN
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 44 of 48
Confidential
DCoIP Challenges
 Getting Telcos up to Speed With New Technology and Willingness
to Stick Around the Existing PBXs and VoIP
 Setting H.323, H.100 / H.110 Standards
 Quality of Services (QoS)
 Latency Problem (Delay)
 Advanced Voice Compression Techniques
 According to the Yankee Group: 83 % of Respondents Indicated That
“Performance Guarantees” Are A Prime Requirement for Voice Over
Alternate Networks
 50 % of Respondents Indicated That “Gateway Traffic Repots” Should
be Capable of Providing the Necessary Call Detail Records and
Other Specified Traffic Data
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 45 of 48
Confidential
References
•
•
•
•
Voice Over IP; Uyless Black, Prentice Hall, 1999
Voice Over Data Network; Gilbert Held, McGraw-Hill, 1998
Compact PCI, Computer Telephony Specification, January, 1998
Spectral Compatibility of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL System
Tutorial, August, 2000)
• Transmission Systems for Communications, Bell Telephone
Laboratories, Inc., Fourth Edition, February 1970
• Communication Systems, B. P. Lathi, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1968
• Engineering and Operations in the Bell system, Bell Telephone
Laboratories, Inc. 1978
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 46 of 48
Confidential
References (Continued)
• Solutions to Problems in Modulation Theory, by Harold S. Black,
Van Nostrand 1953
• How to choose the Right Dense Wavelength-Division
Multiplexing (1525 to 1570 nm)
• Interactive Video Display Systems, by John P. Yu 1982
• Worldwide Video Standards, Bell Telephone Laboratories, by
John P. Yu 1980
• Technical Aspects of Data Communications, by John E.
McNamara, Digital Equipment Corporation 1978
• Bell system Technical Reference - Switched Network Transaction
Telephone System, Pub 41804
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 47 of 48
Confidential
References (Continued)
 Voice Over Whatever: Internet, IP, Frame Relay, and ATM Find
Their Voice; Telecommunications Planning Service, The Yankee
Group, December 1997
 VoIP: The Opportunity Why You Should Become An ITSP,
Internet Telephony, July, 1999
 Internet Technology Focus; August, September & October 1999
 Lucent Website - http://www.lucent.com
 Cisco Website - http:// www.cisco.com
 Dialogic Website - http://www.dialogic.com
 Brooktrout Website - http://www.brooktrout.com
 Internet Telephony - Strategies, Solutions and Products;
Andreas Wolf, ITK, AG, March, 1998
 Voice Over IP Networks; Marcus Goncalves, McGraw-Hill, 1999
 Delivering Voice Over IP Networks; Daniel & Emma Minoli,
John Wiley & Sons, 1998
John P. Yu
November 13, 2006
Slide 48 of 48
Confidential