Transcript Age of Discovery and Trade Part 1: Exploring the East

Age of Discovery and Trade
Part 1: Exploring the East
The Portuguese
Objectives
 Explain
the 3 main motives for
exploration.
 Trace the rise and fall of the
Portuguese trading empire.
 Discuss the shift in power from the
Portuguese to the Dutch in
controlling the spice trade
Exploration

Causes
– The Renaissance
and Reformation
– The Crusades
– opened trade
 Marco
Polo
– China 1200’s
Why did they want to explore?
1.
Money (Gold)
2.
Religion (God)
3.
Famous (Glory)
Technology made it happen
Compass
Carvel
Astrolabe
Triangular
Sail
Portugal: the first to explore
 Prince
Henry the Navigator:
– Catholic
– Wanted route to China
– Created a navigational school
Spain and Portugal 1400’s
Prince Henry
1394-1460
Portugal in the East
 trading
posts on Africa’s coasts
 Bartholomew Dias: rounded the
Cape of Good Hope, 1488
 Vasco de Gama: all sea route
directly to India.
Bartholomew Dias
Vasco da Gama
Portugal’s Trading Empire
 Direct
sea route to India
– Ousted the Muslim traders
– Made Asian goods cheaper by cutting
out the middle man –
Italians/Muslims
Portuguese Empire
Nature of Trade
India
China
•Textiles
•Spices (Black pepper)
•Tea ( introduced from China by Europeans )
•Opium ( for export to China )
•Entrepot for goods from other countries
•Silk
•Porcelain (china)
•Tea
Moluccan Islands
Spices: Nutmeg, Cloves and Mace
Java
Coffee, Tea
Ceylon
Cinnamon & Pearls
Elephants for India
then Tea
Spain
 Ferdinand
Magellan: looking for a
route to Asia in the west, ended up
in the Philippines
 circumnavigated the world, 1521
Ferdinand Magellan
Magellan strait
The Rest of Europe
 The
Dutch (the Netherlands) and the
English: worked together to oust the
Portuguese from Asia
The Dutch dominated controlled
Indonesia and Southeast Asia; the
English controlled India.
Beginnings of the British Empire
Pax Britannica 1815-1914
 France
entered and was not as
successful
 East India Trading Companies
– These companies could make
treaties, raise armies
 In
the East they looked for
treasures and wealth; the West will
be different
Explorer
Country
location
dates
motives
extras
Magellan
Who they
sailed for
Where they
went
When they
went
Why they
went
What they
found ect…
Dais
Da Gama
Prince Henry
Assignment #1
Why were Europeans in the East?
Causes
1. Supporting detail
Cause
1. Supporting detail
1.
Cause
Supporting detail
Part 2
The Spanish
objectives
 Explain
why the Spanish set out west
to find the east
 Describe the effects of Spanish
settlement on the Native Americans
Spain
Before Spanish enslavement
Spanish enslavement
Christopher Columbus
 Sponsored
by Spain to find an all sea
route to Asia going west
 Spain’s rival was Portugal
 In 1492 Columbus discovered what he
thought was the East Indies
(Indonesia) hence the name “Indians”
Reality
it was the Caribbean
 All islands
“discovered” were
claimed for Spain
 his goal was to settle
these lands
(colonization)

Christopher Columbus
Amerigo Vespucci
 Amerigo
Portugal
Vespucci worked for
– after his voyage he said this land was a
“new world”, not Asia
 In
1507, the whole new area was
named after him: America
Spain Builds An Empire
 The
Spanish were the first settlers in
the new world - St Augstine, FL
– Spain builds colonies in North, Central
and South America
 Spanish
explorers were called
conquistadors (conquerors)
Cortes and Aztecs
 Hernando
Cortes: landed in Mexico
looking for gold
 Montezuma II, thought Cortes was a
god
– Cortes took their gold and forced them
to mine for more
Aztecs honoring Cortez



1520, Aztecs rebelled
1521, Cortes had conquered the
Aztecs.
How?
1. Many Aztecs joined Cortes
2. Better weapons
3. Disease: this was the #1 killer of all
native peoples in the America’s
Spanish conquer the Aztecs
How did Spain colonize?
Married native women and produced a
mestizo population (Native and Euro mix)
 Spain gave land to settlers and used
Natives to work it

– Called the encomendia system

Catholic priests followed and spread
Catholicism
Based on what I have told you…
 List
3 reasons the Aztecs were
defeated by Cortez
 List 3 reasons Spanish Came to
the “new world”
 Define these terms
– Mestizo Encomendis
Conquistadors
–
Cortes
Aztecs human sacrifice
Cortes and Montezuma
Other Conquerors
 Francisco
Pizarro Spanish
conquistador
– conquered the Incan Empire in 1532
 Pedro
Alvares Cabral
– Claimed Brazil for Portuguese
Pizarro
Incan Empire
Incas and Spaniards
Incas and Pizarro
Look closely
Converting and branding
natives
Incas
Incan remains
Spain moves on for more gold,
God, and glory
 Spain
pushed north
 Coronado
– led men into southwest region of the
U.S.
 Ponce
de Leon
– explored Florida
The Natives
 Encomienda
system
– Abolished 1542
 20
million natives died from disease
– No one to work lands
Smallpox
Slave Trade
objectives
 Summarize
the evolution of the slave
trade
 Describe the triangular trade
 Describe slave life
 Identify the consequences of the
slave trade
Slavery
 Slavery
is as old as society it’s self
 slaves were mostly POW’s
 Based on nationality or religion; not
race
 slaves had rights
 children were not born into slavery
Slave transport
Need for slaves
 Increased
demands for goods in
Europe
 Cash crops like sugar and tobacco
were labor intensive
 Cash crops made many rich
Why the shift from Indian to
African?
 Natives
knew the land and could run
away
 Natives died from diseases
Benefits of African Slaves
 already
knew how to farm cash crops
 immune to diseases
 did not run away
Slavery how it started
 Spain
and Portugal
 Grew crops like sugar cane and
tobacco
 first plantations set up by the
Portuguese
The middle passage
The voyage from Africa to the
America’s
20% never made it
Packing of the ships
Slave ship
The Auctions
 If
they made it they were sold at
auctions
 Families separated and sold to the
highest bidder
Slave Auction
Coping with slave life
 Slaves
looked to religion
 Kept heritage alive-music-stories and
traditions
Life as a slave
 Worked
 In
in mines
fields
 As servants
 Little food, clothing or shelter
 No legal protections, they are private
property
 Whipped or beaten
Some did resist
 Open
rebellion-killing owners
 Silent rebellion-breaking tools-slow
work-fires
Consequences of slavery
 Africa
was robbed of its young and
strong people guns promoted war
 Families were torn apart
 People in Europe and America go
rich
 African farming techniques improved
crop production
 Blending of cultures
Age of Discovery and
Trade
Part 3: North America
Objectives
 Compare
the settlements of the
English, Spanish and French
 Explain the origins of the French and
Indian War
Spain and Portugal
 By
1600 Spain and Portugal were
about to fight over land claims in the
new world
 the Treaty of Tordesillas was created
in 1494 to prevent war
– an imaginary line north-south and split
South America in half
France
found riches in the fur
trade
 Set up trading posts Did
not colonize

The English and Joint Stock
Companies
Jamestown – gold – no food
 John Smith
 John Rolf
 Pocahontas

Brown Gold

Tobacco saves the
town
England
Pilgrims: left England because of
religious persecution
 founded Plymouth colony

Puritans wanted purify the Anglican
church-No catholic practices
 Founded Massachusetts Bay Colony
 Settled in America and founded Model
societies with families

The Dutch
 Came
for the money - fur
 Founded New Netherland
 Tolerant
 People to come and live there;
regardless of religion
The 3 countries fight
 English
fight the Dutch
 French were to the West - they fight
each other using the natives as allies
 This is the French and Indian War
The Natives
 French
and Dutch traded with natives
 Natives were a $ source
 English did not get along with the
natives; pushed them off of their
land
 The English were colonizing
 Disease drastically decreased Native
numbers
Copy this chart
Country
Spain
France
England
Source of
Wealth
Treatment
of Natives
Prime
location
Gold
Fur
Tobacco
Mixed
freely
Central &
South
America
Must be
Catholic
Traded and
mixed
W&
Central N.
America
Catholic/Pr
otestant
Isolated
Religious
tolerance
East N.
America
Protestant
Vocabulary
 French
and Indian war
 Jamestown
 New Netherlands
 Puritans
 Treaty of Tordesillas
Age of Discovery and
Trade
Part 4: The Old World and
New World Collide
 To
understand the Columbian
Exchange and how it has affected the
world today.
 To understand the business practices
of the age of trade.
 To connect the destruction of
cultures with colonization and the
Columbian Exchange.
The mixing of the old and new
 new
goods came to and from the new
world
Columbian Exchange
 The
Columbian Exchange: is a
transfer of foods, livestock, disease
and slaves from Europe to the
Americas
 This is the beginning today’s global
market
Capitalism and Commercialism
 Capitalism:
economic system based
on competition, investment and
private ownership
 We shift from mercantilism to
capitalism
 This change is known as the
Commercial Revolution (wealth +
growth in trade)
Other changes
 mercantilism
 Lots
of $ coming into Europe
 Not enough goods to buy = inflation,
prices of the goods go up
 Law of supply and demand
 Joint-stock companies:
consequences
 This
era of exploration, colonization
and trade, created the economy of
today
 All foods are available globally
 All cultures have been in contact
 Millions of people have perished, or
left their home country
 Cultures and population have been
built and destroyed
Terms: Part 3 and Part 3
1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
Columbian Exchange
Capitalism
Commercial Revolution
joint-stock company
1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Jamestown
Puritans
French & Indian War

