Transcript CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 6 THE AGE OF EXPLORATION CHAPTER 6 WHAT'S GOING ON IN THE WORLD? S P R I T E CHAPTER 6 WARM UP QUESTIONS WHY DID THE SPANISH AND THE PORTUGUESE SIGN THE TREATY OF TORDESILLAS? DESCRIBE THE PURPOSE AND PATH OF THE TRIANGULAR TRADE. WHY WERE EUROPEANS SO INTERESTED IN SOUTHEAST ASIA? CHAPTER 6 WORD OF THE DAY FRAYER MODEL ASCERTAIN - PG. 191 LAMENT - PG. 199 REMNANT - PG. 203 CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION MOTIVES AND MEANS – *THE DYNAMICS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION BETWEEN 1500 AND 1800 WAS MOST APPARENT WHEN EUROPEANS BEGAN TO EXPAND INTO THE REST OF THE WORLD* WHAT CAUSED EUROPEANS TO BRANCH OUT INTO OTHER AREAS OF THE WORLD DURING THEIR OVERSEAS ADVENTURES? “GOD, GLORY, GOLD, AND ADVENTURE” GOLD – WEALTH AND RICHES GOD – RELIGION SPREAD THEIR FAITH AND CONVERT PEOPLE TO CHRISTIANITY GLORY – HONOR, FAME FOR FINDING RICHES AND NEW LAND ADVENTURE – FOR THE THRILL OF THE EXPERIENCE CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION EUROPEANS WERE INTRIGUED WITH ASIA THE TRAVELS BY MARCO POLO – CHINESE COURT OF KUBLAI KHAN MANY READ HIS BOOK – FABRICATED? MERCHANTS, ADVENTURERS, STATE OFFICIALS – HIGH HOPES OF EXPANDING TRADE SPICES CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION *CONQUESTS BY THE OTTOMAN TURKS KEPT WESTERNERS FROM TRAVELING BY LAND TO THE EAST TOO EXPENSIVE BEING SHIPPED TO EUROPE BY ARAB MIDDLEMEN SO THEY DECIDED TO TRAVEL BY SEA *ACQUIRED MUCH OF THEIR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SAILING FROM THE ARABS CARTOGRAPHY – THE ART AND SCIENCE OF MAPMAKING CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION TECHNOLOGIES THAT ALLOWED THIS – PORTOLANI – CHARTS THAT RECORDED THE SHAPES OF COASTLINES AND DISTANCES BETWEEN PORTS COMPASS – SHOWED THE DIRECTION THE SHIP WAS MOVING ASTROLABE – USED THE SUN OR A STAR TO ASCERTAIN A SHIP’S LATITUDE LATEEN SAILS – TRIANGULAR SHAPED SAILS CARAVEL – SHIPS THAT WERE MORE MANEUVERABLE AND COULD CARRY HEAVY WEIGHT CHAPTE 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION THE PORTUGUESE TRADING EMPIRE – PORTUGAL TOOK THE LEAD IN EUROPEAN EXPLORATION SPONSORED BY PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR EXPLORED THE COASTS OF AFRICA FOUND GOLD SOUTHERN COAST OF AFRICA – GOLD COAST CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION BARTHOLOMEU DIAS – ROUNDED THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE VASCO DA GAMA – WENT AROUND THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE TO THE COAST OF INDIA HE GOT A CARGO OF SPICES AND SOLD IT IN PORTUGAL FOR SEVERAL THOUSAND PERCENT IS IT SURPRISING THAT HE WENT BACK FOR MORE? CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION PORTUGUESE FLEETS RETURNED TO DESTROY MUSLIM SHIPPING AND GAIN CONTROL OF THE SPICE TRADE THEY DEFEATED TURKISH AND INDIAN SHIPS OFF THE COAST ADMIRAL AFONSO DE ALBUQUERQUE SET UP A PORT AT GOA MELAKA – THRIVING PORT OF THE SPICE TRADE ON THE MALAY PENINSULA CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION *CONTROL OF THIS WOULD HELP DESTROY ARAB CONTROL OF THE SPICE TRADE MOLUCCAS – SPICE ISLANDS PORTUGUESE SIGNED A TREATY WITH LOCAL RULERS IN THE SPICE ISLANDS FOR THE PURCHASE AND EXPORT OF CLOVES *THIS TREATY ESTABLISHED CONTROL OF THE SPICE TRADE FOR THE PORTUGUESE CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION THIS WAS LIMITED SUCCESS WHY? *THEY HAD NEITHER THE POWER, THE PEOPLE, NOR THE DESIRE TO COLONIZE THE ASIAN REGIONS THIS DID ALTHOUGH HELP ESTABLISH THEM AS THE 1ST SUCCESSFUL EUROPEAN EXPLORERS CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION BUT THEY WOULD BE NO MATCH FOR OTHER EUROPEAN NATIONS LATER VOYAGES TO THE AMERICAS – THE PORTUGUESE SAILED EASTWARD TO GET TO THE SPICE TRADE BUT THE SPANISH TRIED TO GO WEST ACROSS THE ATLANTIC CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS – ITALIAN NAVIGATOR IN SERVICE TO SPAIN CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION COLUMBUS HAD LITTLE KNOWLEDGE OF THE SIZE OF THE WORLD MOST EDUCATED EUROPEANS DID KNOW THAT THE WORLD WAS ROUND HE BASED HIS CALCULATIONS OF THE WORLD OFF OF CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY’S GEOGRAPHY HE WAS A GREEK-EDUCATED EGYPTIAN GEOGRAPHER AND ASTRONOMER CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION THE GEOGRAPHY WAS A MAP OF A ROUND WORLD COMPLETE WITH 360 LINES OF LONGITUDE, ONE DEGREE APART THIS GREATLY UNDERESTIMATED THE SIZE OF THE EARTH COLUMBUS FIRST SOUGHT BACKING FROM PORTUGAL – THEY DENIED HIM WHY? – HIS CALCULATIONS CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION HE AND HIS BROTHER BARTHOLOMEW TRIED TO GET SPONSORSHIP FROM OTHER COUNTRIES – THEY FAILED FINALLY SPAIN SPONSORED THEM KING FERDINAND AND QUEEN ISABELLA SET SAIL AUGUST 1492 NINA, PINTA, SANTA MARIA CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION HE REACHED THE CARIBBEAN AND LANDED IN THE BAHAMAS ON WHAT WAS PROBABLY SAN SALVADOR ISLAND HE CAME IN CONTACT WITH THE TAINO PEOPLE HE CALLED THEM INDIANS THESE PEOPLE WERE VERY FRIENDLY CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION THEY BELIEVED THAT COLUMBUS AND THE OTHERS HAD BEEN SENT FROM HEAVEN COLUMBUS WENT DEEPER INTO THE CARIBBEAN COMING IN CONTACT WITH CUBA AND HISPANIOLA – HAITI AND THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC COLUMBUS MADE FOUR VOYAGES AND REACHED ALL THE MAJOR ISLANDS OF THE CARIBBEAN AND HONDURAS IN CENTRAL AMERICA HE CALLED THIS THE INDIES CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION HE WAS AWARDED THE TITLE “ADMIRAL OF THE OCEAN SEA”AND VICEROY AND GOVERNOR OF THE INDIES” BUT BEFORE KING FERDINAND COULD COLONIZE THE AREA, HE HAD TO LAY CLAIM TO THE AREA PORTUGUAL HAD ALREADY CLAIMED THE RIGHT TO CONTROL THE ATLANTIC ROUTE TO ASIA POPE ALEXANDER VI WAS ASKED TO RESOLVE THIS ISSUE CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION HE ESTABLISHED A LINE OF DEMARCATION – IMAGINARY LINE RUNNING NORTH TO SOUTH DOWN THE MIDDLE OF THE ATLANTIC SPAIN GOT EVERYTHING WEST OF THE LINE PORTUGAL GOT EVERYTHING EAST CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION THE PORTUGUESE KING ASKED FOR THE LINE TO BE MOVED FURTHER WEST THE POPE RESOLVED THIS BY ISSUING THE TREATY OF TORDESILLAS – THIS MOVED THE LINE ANOTHER 1000 MILES WEST CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION OTHER EXPLORERS SOON REALIZED THAT COLUMBUS HAD DISCOVERED A NEW LAND AND THEY BEGAN EXPLORING JOHN CABOT – EXPLORED THE NEW ENGLAND COASTLINE OF THE AMERICAS FOR ENGLAND AMERIGO VESPUCCI – FLORENTINE WHO RETRACED COLUMBUS’S INITIAL VOYAGE THIS IS WHO AMERICA IS NAMED AFTER EUROPEANS CALLED THESE TERRITORIES THE NEW WORLD BUT WERE THEY NEW??? CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION THE SPANISH EMPIRE – CONQUISTADORS – SPANISH CONQUERORS USED THEIR GUNS AND DETERMINATION TO TAKE OVER AND ESTABLISH COLONIAL EMPIRES HERNAN CORTES – OVERTHREW THE AZTEC FRANCISCO PIZARRO – TOOK CONTROL OF THE INCAN EMPIRE THE SPANISH SET UP A SYSTEM OF COLONIZATION CALLED ENCOMIENDA CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION QUEEN ISABELLA GRANTED THE SPANISH THE RIGHT TO USE NATIVE AMERICANS AS LABORERS THE SPANISH WERE SUPPOSED TO PROTECT THE NATIVES BUT THEY DIDN’T NATIVES WORKED ON SUGAR PLANTATION AND IN THE MINES FORCED LABOR, STARVATION, DISEASE CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION NATIVES HAD LITTLE RESISTANCE TO EUROPEAN DISEASES SMALLPOX, MEASLES, TYPHUS EX. – HISPANIOLA 250,000 WHEN COLUMBUS ARRIVED – BY 1538 ONLY 500 *EUROPEAN TRADITIONS ALSO DESTROYED NATIVE CULTURE CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES CONVERTED AND BAPTIZED NATIVES ESTABLISHED SCHOOLS, PARISHES, AND HOSPITALS – EUROPEAN SOCIETY *THUS, NATIVE AMERICAN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STRUCTURES WERE TORN APART AND REPLACED BY EUROPEAN SYSTEMS OF RELIGION, LANGUAGE, CULTURE, AND GOVERNMENT *THIS HAD A PROFOUND AFFECT ON EUROPEANS AS WELL – GREED - LONGED AND LUSTED FOR GOLD CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION THE EXTENSIVE EXCHANGE OF IDEAS, PLANTS, ANIMALS, WEAPONS, IDEAS, AND DISEASES BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE NEW WORLD WAS CALLED THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE IT AFFECTED AND CHANGED NEARLY EVERY CULTURE AROUND THE WORLD CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION FROM AMERICA TO EUROPE FOOD - CORN, SQUASH, PUMPKINS, BEANS, SWEET POTATOES, TOMATOES, CHILI PEPPERS, PEANUTS, CHOCOLATE, POTATOES, TOBACCO, AND CHEWING GUM TECHNOLOGIES – CANOE, SNOWSHOE, HAMMOCK, PONCHO, TOBOGGAN, AND PARKA LIVESTOCK - TURKEY, AMERICAN MINK DISEASES - SYPHALLIS, YAWS CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION FROM EUROPE TO AMERICA FOOD - WHEAT, OATS, BARLEY, RYE, RICE, COFFEE, DANDELIONS, ONIONS, BANANAS, ORANGES LIVESTOCK – CHICKENS, CATTLE, PIGS, SHEEP, AND HORSES TECHNOLOGIES – METALWORKING TECHNIQUES IN SHIPBUILDING, WEAPONS – FIREARMS DISEASES – INFLUENZA, MEASLES, CHICKEN POX, MUMPS, TYPHUS, AND SMALLPOX CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION POSITIVE EFFECT – EUROPEAN FARMERS LEARNED THAT IF THEY PLANTED POTATOES -ABOUT FOUR TIMES AS MANY PEOPLE COULD LIVE OFF OF THE LAND. NEGATIVE EFFECTS – BACTERIA AND VIRUSES THAT WILL KILL MILLIONS *BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY AT LEAST TWO FROM EACH CATEGORY AND THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AFFECTS* CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION BECAUSE OF THE SUCCESS OF THE SPANISH, OTHER EUROPEAN NATIONS ARE STARTING TO EXPLORE THIS AREA AS WELL NEW RIVALS ENTER THE SCENE DUTCH COLONY – NEW NETHERLAND STATEN ISLAND, HARLEM, CATSKILL MOUNTAINS THE ENGLISH SEIZED THE COLONY AND RENAMED IT NEW YORK ENGLISH – COLONIAL EMPIRE EAST COAST FRENCH – SETTLED PARTS OF CANADA AND LOUISIANA CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION TRADE, COLONIES, AND MERCANTILISM A COLONY – IS A SETTLEMENT OF PEOPLE LIVING IN A NEW TERRITORY, LINKED WITH THE PARENT COUNTRY BY TRADE AND DIRECT GOV. CONTROL COLONIES – WERE IMPORTANT AS A SOURCE OF RAW MATERIALS & MARKET FOR FINISHED GOODS WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLONIES AND TRADING POSTS EUROPEANS ENTERED AN AGE OF INCREASED INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMERICAL REVOLUTION CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION MERCANTILISM – SET OF PRINCIPLES THAT DOMINATED ECONOMIC THOUGHT IN THE 1600S – THE PROSPERITY OF A NATION DEPENDED ON A LARGE SUPPLY OF BULLION – GOLD AND SILVER BALANCE OF TRADE – THE DIFFERENCE IN VALUE BETWEEN WHAT A NATION IMPORTS AND EXPORTS CHAPTER 6-1 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. WHAT WAS THE LINE OF DEMARCATION? 2. WHAT DID THE TREATY OF TORDESILLAS DO? 3. HOW DID COLONIZATION HELP TO BRING ABOUT THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION? 4. WHAT WERE THE FOUR MOTIVES FOR EUROPEAN EXPLORATION? 5. WHAT EUROPEAN NATION WAS FIRST TO TAKE THE LEAD IN EXPLORATION? CHAPTER 6-2 AFRICA IN AN AGE OF TRANSITION THE SLAVE TRADE – SLAVERY WAS NOT NEW TO AFRICA, IT HAD BEEN PRACTICED IN ANCIENT TIMES PRIMARY MARKET FOR AFRICAN SLAVES WAS SOUTHWEST ASIA – DOMESTIC SERVANTS SLAVERY ALSO EXISTED IN SOME PARTS OF EUROPE - PORTUGAL ABOUT 1,000 PER YEAR *THE DEMAND FOR SLAVES INCREASED WITH THE DISCOVERY OF THE AMERICAS AND THE PLANTING OF SUGARCANE THERE CHAPTER 6-2 AFRICA IN AN AGE OF TRANSITION SUGARCANE WAS INTRODUCED TO THE EUROPEANS BY THE MUSLIMS FROM SOUTHWEST ASIA LARGE AGRICULTURAL ESTATES – PLANTATIONS – WERE SET UP TO GROW THE SUGARCANE THIS DEMANDED MUCH LABOR MANY NATIVE AMS. HAD DIED FROM DISEASE SO AFRICAN SLAVES WERE USED TO WORK THE FIELDS BRAZIL AND THE CARIBBEAN CHAPTER 6-2 AFRICA IN AN AGE OF TRANSITION CHAPTER 6-2 AFRICA IN AN AGE OF TRANSITION GROWTH OF THE SLAVE TRADE *1518 A SPANISH SHIP CARRIED THE 1ST BOATLOAD OF AFRICAN SLAVES FROM AFRICA TO THE AMERICAS THIS BECAME A PART OF THE TRIANGULAR TRADE *THIS CONNECTED EUROPE, AFRICA AND ASIA, AND THE AMERICAN CONTINENTS CHAPTER 6-2 AFRICA IN AN AGE OF TRANSITION FROM EUROPE TO AFRICA GUNS, CLOTHS, RUM, ETC. FOR SLAVES FROM AFRICA TO THE AMERICAS THESE SLAVES WERE THEN TAKEN TO VARIOUS PARTS OF THE AMERICAS FROM THE AMERICAS TO EUROPE TOBACCO, SUGAR, COTTON,ETC. CHAPTER 6-2 AFRICA IN AN AGE OF TRANSITION HOW LARGE WILL THIS TRADE GROW? ABOUT 275,000 SLAVES WERE EXPORTED DURING THE 16TH CENTURY 1 MILLION IN THE 17TH CENTURY 6 MILLION IN THE 18TH CENTURY *HIGH NUMBERS OF SLAVES WERE SHIPPED BECAUSE OF THE HIGH DEATH RATE WHAT DID THEY DIE FROM? CHAPTER 6-2 AFRICA IN AN AGE OF TRANSITION THE JOURNEY OF SLAVES FROM AFRICA TO THE AMERICAS BECAME KNOWN AS THE MIDDLE PASSAGE MANY DIED ON THIS JOURNEY LOOSE PACKERS VS. TIGHT PACKERS THOSE WHO SURVIVED OFTEN DIED FROM DISEASE ONCE THEY ARRIVED AT THEIR DESTINATION THOSE BORN IN THE AMERICAS HAD A LITTLE HIGHER IMMUNITY TO DISEASES CHAPTER 6-2 AFRICA IN AN AGE OF TRANSITION SLAVE OWNERS DID NOT ENCOURAGE REPRODUCTION WHY? *THEY BELIEVED IT WAS CHEAPER TO BUY A SLAVE THAN RAISE ONE FROM BIRTH SOURCES OF SLAVES BEFORE THE EUROPEANS BEGAN TO COME IN THE 15TH CENTURY– MOST AFRICAN SLAVES WERE PRISONERS OF WAR *EUROPEANS WOULD BUY SLAVES FROM LOCAL AFRICAN MERCHANTS AT SLAVES MARKETS ON THE COAST 6-2 AFRICA IN AN AGE OF TRANSITION IN RETURN THEY WOULD GET GUNS, GOLD, ETC. AS DEMAND FOR SLAVES INCREASED, LOCAL SLAVE TRADERS MOVED INLAND FROM THE COAST TO GET SLAVES LOCAL RULERS BECAME CONCERNED – KING AFONSO I OF CONGO DEPOPULATION EFFECTS OF THE SLAVE TRADE VARIED DEPOPULATION, YOUNGEST AND STRONGEST MEN AND WOMEN TAKEN, INCREASED WARFARE CHAPTER 6-2 AFRICA IN AN AGE OF TRANSITION FAMILIES WERE TORN APART BUT AFRICAN SLAVE TRADERS INCREASED THEIR INLAND RAIDS WHY? - MAJOR SOURCE OF INCOME KING AFONSO'S PROTESTS WERE IGNORED BY THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADERS AND THE EUROPEANS ONLY A FEW EUROPEANS LAMENTED WHAT THEY WERE DOING TO THESE SOCIETIES STRIFE, QUARRELLING, DRUNKENNESS, TRICKERY, THEFT, UNBRIDLED DESIRE FOR WHAT IS NOT THEIRS, LUST FOR GOLD CHAPTER 6-2 AFRICA IN AN AGE OF TRANSITION EX. BENIN – BRILLIANT AND CREATIVE SOCIETY THAT WAS PULLED INTO THE SLAVE TRADE 1. THE POPULATION DECLINED, 2. INCREASED WARFARE 3. LOST THEIR FAITH 4. ARTISTIC WORK DECLINED 5. HUMAN SACRIFICE BECAME MORE COMMON * CORRUPT AND BRUTAL PLACE CHAPTER 6-2 AFRICA IN AN AGE OF TRANSITION POLITICAL AND SOCIAL STRUCTURES *THE SLAVE TRADE WAS ONE OF THE MOST NOTICEABLE EFFECTS OF THE EUROPEAN PRESENCE IN AFRICA 1500 - 1800 SOUTH AFRICA AND MOZAMBIQUE - THERE WAS A PERMANENT EUROPEAN PRESENCE IBO – SOCIETY OF EASTERN NIGERIA WHERE PEOPLE *THIS VILLAGE PRODUCED MORE SLAVES THAN ANY OTHER ON THE CONTINENT CHAPTER 6-2 AFRICA IN AN AGE OF TRANSITION CHAPTER 6-2 AFRICA IN AN AGE OF TRANSITION FOREIGN INFLUENCES EUROPEANS 1. INTRODUCED NEW FOODS 2. CAUSED TRADE ROUTES TO SHIFT 3. SPREAD CHRISTIANITY (ISLAM WAS DOMINANT ALTHOUGH) CHAPTER 6-2 AFRICA IN AN AGE OF TRANSITION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. REVIEW QUESTIONS WHO WROTE TO THE KING OF PORTUGAL ABOUT THE DEPOPULATION OF AFRICAN VILLAGES? WHO WAS INVOLVED IN THE TRIANGULAR TRADE? WHAT WAS THE MIDDLE PASSAGE? WHAT GROUP PRODUCED THE MOST SLAVES IN AFRICA? WHAT SOCIETY IN WEST AFRICA WAS A GREAT EXAMPLE OF THE DESTRUCTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES BY THE SLAVE TRADE? http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/other-shows/videos/assignment-discovery-shorts-slavesmiddle-passage.htm CHAPTER 6-3 SOUTHEAST ASIA IN THE ERA OF THE SPICE TRADE THE ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS THE MALAY PENINSULA AND THE INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO WAS GRADUALLY PENETRATED BY THE MUSLIMS – SPICE TRADE MELAKA BECAME THE LEADING POWER IN THE REGION THE PORTUGUESE SEIZED MELAKA AND OCCUPIED THE MOLUCCAS – SPICE ISLAND CHAPTER 6-3 SOUTHEAST ASIA IN THE ERA OF THE SPICE TRADE PORTUGUESE CONTROL IN THE ISLANDS WILL END WITH THE ARRIVAL OF THE ENGLISH AND THE DUTCH WHY? *STRONGER MILITARY AND MORE FINANCES THE DUTCH GRADUALLY PUSHED THE PORTUGUESE OUT THEY DROVE OUT THE ENGLISH AS WELL THE ENGLISH WERE LEFT WITH ONE PORT ON THE COAST OF SUMATRA CHAPTER 6-3 SOUTHEAST ASIA IN THE ERA OF THE SPICE TRADE NOW THAT THE DUTCH HAVE ESTABLISHED THEIR CONTROL OVER TRADE, THEY ARE NOW STARTING TO ENFORCE THEIR MILITARY AND POLITICAL CONTROL THEY SET UP A FORT AT BATAVIA ON THE ISLAND OF JAVA TO PROTECT DUTCH HOLDING IN THE EAST THEY EVENTUALLY BROUGHT THE ENTIRE ISLAND UNDER THEIR CONTROL CHAPTER 6-3 SOUTHEAST ASIA IN THE ERA OF THE SPICE TRADE IMPACT ON THE MAINLAND MOST OF THE EUROPEAN INFLUENCE BY THE PORTUGUESE AND THE DUTCH WAS LIMITED TO THE MALAY PENINSULA AND INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO WHY NOT THE MAINLAND STATES? THAILAND, BURMA, VIETNAM *BECAUSE THEY WERE ABLE TO UNITE AND THEY HAD STRONG MONARCHIES NON MAINLAND STATES - HAD LESS POLITICAL UNITY CHAPTER 6-3 SOUTHEAST ASIA IN THE ERA OF THE SPICE TRADE CHAPTER 6-3 SOUTHEAST ASIA IN THE ERA OF THE SPICE TRADE REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. WHAT EUROPEAN NATION INITIALLY HAD CONTROL OF MELAKA AND THE SPICE ISLANDS? 2. WHO TOOK CONTROL FROM THEM? 3. WHY WERE THEY ABLE TO TAKE CONTROL? 4. WHERE DID THIS EUROPEAN NATION EXHIBIT MOST OF ITS CONTROL? 5. WHERE WAS EUROPEAN CONTROL NOT EXERTED? WHY?