Transcript File - Hunt`s World of History

The Age of Exploration
Ch.6 Sec 1
• Marco Polo- traveled through much of Asia
and wrote about his experiences.
• The Travels- Marco Polo’s account of his
journey through Asia.
• Reasons for Exploration
• 1. Military conquests by the Turks
• 2. Economic motives
• 3. Religion
• ( God, Glory, and Gold)
Ch6. Sec 1 cont.
• The Portuguese
• Portugal- took the lead in European
exploration beginning in 1420.
• Prince Henry “the Navigator” – sponsored
many Portuguese fleets which explored along
the western coast of Africa.
• Bartholomeu Dias- first Portuguese explorer to
travel around the Cape of Good Hope.
Ch.6 Sec 1 cont.
• Vasco da Gama- Portuguese explorer who
discovered a route from Portugal to India.
• The Spanish
• Spanish sought to reach the spice trade by
sailing westward
• Christopher Columbus- Italian explorer who
sailed for the Spanish and landed in the
Americans in 1492. (San Salvador, Cuba,
Hispaniola)
Ch.6 Sec 1 cont.
• Treaty of Tordesillas- signed by the Spanish
and Portuguese that drew an imaginary line
between their spheres of influence.
• Conquistadors- Spanish conquerors of the
Americans .
• Hernan Cortes- Spanish explorer who
conquered the Aztec Empire.
• Francisco Pizarro- Spanish explorer who
conquered the Inca Empire.
Ch.6 Sec 1 cont
• Various Explorers
• John Cabot- English explorer who explored the
New England coastline of North America.
• Sir Humphrey Gilbert- known as “ the father of
English Colonization”
• Amerigo Vespucci- Italian explorer for whom
the Americas are named after.
• Ferdinand Magellan- first explorer to sail
around the world.
Ch.6 Sec 1 cont.
• Economic Impact of Exploration
• Columbian Exchange- extensive trade network
between the Old and New Worlds.
• Old World crops: wheat, barley, rice
• New World crops: maize, sweet potatoes,
• Bacteria
Ch.6 Sec 1 cont.
• The Dutch
• East India Company- Dutch company set up in
India to compete with the English and
Portuguese.
• West India Company- Dutch company set up
to compete with the Spanish and Portuguese
in the Americas.
Ch.6 Sec 1 cont.
• Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism
• Colony- settlement of people living in a new
territory linked with a parent country.
• Mercantilism- thought which stated that a
country’s prosperity depended on a large
supply of precious metals.
• Balance of Trade- difference in value between
what a nation imports and what it exports.
Ch.6 Sec 2
• Africa and The Slave Trade
• Two factors changed the demand for slaves:
1. Discovery of Americas
2. Sugarcane
• Plantations- large agricultural estates where
slaves worked
• Triangular trade- pattern of trade that
connected Europe, Africa, Asia, and the
American continents.
Gate of No Return
Ch.6 Sec 2 cont.
• Middle Passage- journey of slaves from Africa
to the Americas or middle portion of the
triangular trade.
• Effects of the Slave Trade:
• 1. Family life
• 2. Depopulation in parts of Africa
• 3. Deprived African communities of young
healthy individuals
• 4. Increased warfare in Africa
Ch.6 Sec 3
• Southeast Asia & the Spice Trade
• The far east had been a relatively stable region
in the 1500s.
• Mainland states- land part of the continent as
distinguished from islands or peninsulas.
Ch.6 Sec 3 cont.
• Moluccas- chief source of spices in the Indian
Ocean. Known as the “Spice Islands”
• Portuguese were the first to dominate the
spice trade in the area, but lacked the military
and financial resources to impose their will.
• The English and the Dutch drove the
Portuguese from the area.
• Sumatra- location of England’s only port.
Ch.6 Sec 3 cont.
• Political systems in Southeast Asia consisted of
four styles of monarchy:
• 1. Buddhist kings
• 2. Javanese kings
• 3. Islamic sultans
• 4. Vietnamese emperors