Transcript European Exploration of North America and North Carolina

European Exploration of
North America and North
Carolina
Chapter 3
EQ: Why did Europeans first explore North
America and North Carolina, and what were the
consequences?
11/4/2011
European Exploration of North America.
Chapter 3 Section 1
EQ: Why did Europeans first explore North
America and North Carolina, and what were the
consequences?
Objectives:
1. Analyze the causes and the effects of the
Treaty of Tordesilla.
2. Describe Spanish colonization of the New
World.
3. Examine the actions of some of the
conquistadors.
4. Identify the impact Catholicism and
missionaries on the New World.
5. Analyze the beginning of the slave trade.
6. Identify the results of the Columbian
Exchange.
7. Summarize early efforts to find a northwest
passage.
8. Describe Verrazano’s journey up the eastern
coast of North America.
11/4/2011
Setting the
stage pg 41
Europeans had
many reasons to
explore the New
World and
establish
colonies.
What were the
reasons for many
of the
expeditions?
1. Wealth
2. Spread Christianity
3. Freedom of religion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Passage to Asia
Rivalry
Thirst for glory and adventure
Gold and silver
Fur
Other resources
Historical
Spotlight pg 41
Why America and
not Columbia or
Erikson’s Land?
Summarize notes
11/4/2011
1. Amerigo Vespucci disproved Columbus’s
claim to have found Asia.
2. Based on Vespuccis’s description of the
America’s, a German cartographer drew a
map of the Americas naming the two
continents after Amerigo.
Dividing the
World
Europeans had
many reasons to
explore the New
World and
establish colonies.
1. Wealth
2. Spread Christianity
3. Freedom of religion
What were the
reasons for many
of the
expeditions?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Passage to Asia
Rivalry
Thirst for glory and adventure
Gold and silver
Fur
Other resources
Historical Spotlight pg 41
Why America and
not Columbia or
Erikson’s Land?
Summarize notes
11/4/2011
1. Amerigo Vespucci disproved
Columbus’s claim to have found
Asia.
2. Based on Vespuccis’s description of
the America’s, a German
cartographer drew a map of the
Americas naming the two continents
after Amerigo.
Think as a
Historian pg 42
Who are some
famous dictators?
1. Montezuma: Aztec; Atahualpa: Incas
2. Charles I: Spain; Fidel Castro: Cuba
Dividing the world pg 42
Pope Alexander VI’s
1494 Treaty of Tordesilla
was an important
document.
Spain
1. The Treaty of Tordesilla divided newly
discovered land between Spain and
Portugal using an imaginary line.
2. Spain = left of the line: Americas
3. Portugal = right of the line: Africa & Asia
Portugal
Spain builds and empire.
Pg 42
Sequence exploration
events
1. Columbus establishes a settlement on
the Cuba & Hispaniola to search for gold.
1. Settlers begin to farm
2. Divides the land
2. NA are forced to work for the Spanish
3. Spanish taught NA Christianity
Who were the
conquistadors?
Spanish conquerors who explored looking
for wealth and glory.
Summarize notes
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Cortes conquers
Mexico pg 42
Describe life for the
Aztecs prior to 1521
1. Aztecs controlled most of Mexico
from Tenochtitlan.
2. Aztecs traded and fought
w/neighbors
3. Captives were sacrificed to the gods
Describe life for the
Aztecs after 1521
1. Hernando Cortez led an expedition from
Cuba to Mexico.
2. Aztecs are conquered
3. Take Aztec’s gold and silver
4. Attempt to convert Aztec’s to
Christianity.
Pizarro conquers Peru
pg 43
Cortez:Aztec; Pizarro: __
1. 1532 – Pizarro reaches Cuzco Peru
2. Captures and kills Atahuapa leader of
the Incas
3. By 1632 Peru is conquered by Spanish
4. Gold and silver is confiscated
5. Discover mines
6. Spain is richest country in Europe
Create a timeline of events
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Missionaries
spread
Catholicism pg 43
What is a missionary?
A person who teaches his religion to
people of other faiths.
Why did the Spanish
want to convert the
Native Americans to
Catholicism?
1. Columbus promised King Ferdinand and
Queen Isabella
2. People in Europe were becoming
dissatisfied with church teachings and
abuses.
3. Protestants and Muslims were seen as a
threat to the Catholic faith
4. Spanish wanted to spread Catholic faith.
How did some reformers
show their displeasure
with the Catholic
church?
Protestants left the Catholic church and
formed their own faith.
Describe a mission and
its purpose.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Summarize
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Missions- small settlements
church
Fort
homes for missionaries and converts
Some missionaries used NA for laborers
Others disapproved of the treatment.
Missionaries spread
Catholicism pg 43
What is a missionary?
Why did the Spanish
want to convert the
Native Americans to
Catholicism?
A person who teaches his religion to
people of other faiths.
1. Columbus promised King Ferdinand and
Queen Isabella
2. People in Europe were becoming
dissatisfied with church teachings and
abuses.
3. Protestants and Muslims were seen as a
threat to the Catholic faith
4. Spanish wanted to spread Catholic faith.
How did some reformers
show their displeasure
with the Catholic
church?
Protestants left the Catholic church and
formed their own faith.
What kind of
communities did the
Spanish priests create in
America?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Missions- small settlements
church
Fort
homes for missionaries and converts
Some missionaries used NA for laborers
Others disapproved of the treatment.
What were some causes Overwork
European diseases
of NA deaths?
Missionaries decided to bring slaves from
What was a result of
Africa.
deaths?
Summarize
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Missionaries spread
Catholicism pg 44
Why caused the Native
Americans to die?
What was the
missionaries solution
to a lack of Native
American laborers?
• Overworked
• diseases
1. Get Africans because they are less
vulnerable to disease and more capable
of working hard in tropical climates.
The slave trade begins
pg 44
Describe why Africans
replaced Native
Americans as laborers in
America.
Summarize
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• Africans captured fellow Africans during
times of war.
• Spanish needed more laborers in America
• Slaves became more valuable than gold.
• Portuguese started trading slaves
• During 1500s African chiefs sold Slaves
along the W. African Coast
• Africans were shipped to N. Am and S.
Am.
• Africans replace Nat Am as laborers.
• Millions of Africans sent to Americas
against their will.
The Columbian
Exchange pg 44-45
How did the arrival of
the Spanish affect N.
Am?
• Clash of people and cultures
• Movement of plants, animals, and
disease.
What was the
Columbian
Exchange?
The movement of living things between the
hemispheres.
Name some negative
results of the Columbian
Exchange.
1. Transfer of germs from Europe to Am.
1. measles,
2. influenza
3. Smallpox
(I guess they didn’t mis out on the diseases.)
immunity
• The ability to fight off diseases.
What the effect of
disease on NA?
• 20 million died in Mexico
• Pop decreased by 90-95% btwn 1519 1619.
• 60 – 100 million b/f Columbus – 90%
within 150 years after Columbus
•
• Spanish = plants and animals
• Europeans = livestock (pigs, cattle,
horses)
• East Hemisphere=crops (grapes, onions,
wheat)
What were the positive
effects of the Col Exch in
the Americas?
Summarize11/4/2011z
The Columbian
Exchange pg 45 cont’d
How did the Col Exch
impact Europe?
• American crops became part of Euro
diet.
• potatoes = Russia, Ireland,
and other parts of northern
Europe.
• Result in increase population
•Blending of cultures
Seeking a NW passage
Pg 45
Summarize early efforts
to find a northwest
passage.
What other discoveries
were made?
Summarize
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• Pope divides the New World btwn
Portugal and Spain
• Other Europeans complain
• England and France send ships west
to N. Am
• Spain = Caribbean & Central & S. Am
• Columbus was wrong
• He did not find Asia
• Spain & Portugal = South sea routes
• England and France want NW
passage to Asia
NW passage cont’d
Pg 46-47
1497 – John Cabot
January 17, 1524 –
Govanni da Verrazano
• Italian Navigator -financed by English
merchants became the first to sail in
search of NW passage.
• “Discovered” Newfoundland, Canada
• France sends expedition in search of sea
route.
• See the mouth of the Cape Fear River.
• Thinks he finds route to Asia
• Albemarle Sound and Pamlico Sound
• 150+ years map makers think Pacific
Ocean near North Carolina
• First to visit future NC
Verrazano continues
northward pg 47
What other discoveries
were made?
• Verrazano stops near present day NY City
• Fails to see Chesapeake and Delaware
bays
• Stops in RI and ME and then
Newfoundland, Canada.
Results = France’s later claims to New World
Create a timeline of events
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