Transcript Berkeley NOW

Ninja and the Post-PC Era
David Culler
U.C. Berkeley
Mar 12, 1999
http://ninja.cs.berkeley.edu
http://postPC.cs.berkeley.edu
Natural Tides of Innovation
Innovation
Integration
Personal Computer
Workstation
Server
Log R
Minicomputer
Mainframe
Time
3/12/99
Lucent visit
2/99
Exciting components
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Historical Perspective
• New eras of computing start when the previous
era is so strong it is hard to imagine that things
could ever be different
– mainframe -> mini
– mini -> workstation -> PC
– PC -> ???
• It is always smaller than what came before.
• Most think of the new technology as “just a toy”
• The new dominant use was almost completely
absent before.
• Technology spread increases
• So where are we headed in the post-PC era?
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Away from the “average device”
• Powerful, personal capabilities from specialized
devices
– small, highly mobile or embedded in the environment
• Intelligence + immense storage and processing in
the infrastructure
Devices
• Everything connected
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Laptops, Desktops
Imagine
• You walk into a room
• Your PDA connects to the local
infrastructure and asks it to build a
custom GUI
• Next, your PDA asks the
infrastructure for a path out to
your personal information space,
where agents are processing your
e-mail, v-mail, faxes, and pages
You have complete, secure,
optimized access to local devices
and your private resources
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Structured Architecture
• Bases
–
–
–
–
–
highly available
persistent state (safe)
databases, agents
“home” base per user
service programming environment
• Active Proxies
–
–
–
–
not packet routers
soft-state
well-connected
localization (any to any)
• Units
–
–
–
–
sensors / actuators
PDAs / smartphones / PCs
heterogeneous
Minimal functionality: “Smart Clients”
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Wide-Area Path
Service Execution Environment
operator
upload
Service request
service threads
Managed RMI++
Physical
processor
Caches
Persistent
Storage
Operators
• parallel application framework on Bases
– RMI++ hides complexity of scalability and availability
– Dynamic customization and composition
• apSpace is limited execution environment for AR
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Base Execution Environment
• Ninja RMI
– Sun RMI compatible serialization and thread management
– ninja remote object
+ TCP or UDP or Multicast UDP (Active Msg soon)
+ Authenticated public key
• iS-box
– customizable service VM
• Redirector
= iSpace
3/12/99
Lucent visit
iS-box
LoadService (URL, name, args)
ListServices
GetService(name) -> svc obj
KillService
• Trusted services loaded at
startup
• Security MGR interposes
on method calls
– loaded as a trusted service
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Trusted-Services
–
–
–
–
iS-Loader
• Loader Extends JVM to
support services
Security MGR
JVM
Trusted-Services
iS-Loader
Push Services into the Infrastructure
New
service
Security MGR
RMI
stubs
JVM
Generated by RMI
compiler
• GetService returns service object
• Programming Model for Service Methods?
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Service
Methods
Scalable iSpace
Multi-Space
iS-box
Node
iS-box
Node
iS-box
Node
iS-box
Node
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Multi-Space SVC
Multi-Space Loader
• Multi-Space services
across group of iSboxes
• List, Get, or Load
Service from any
• Get returns redirector
stub
iS-Loader
System Area Network
Security MGR
JVM
Redirector Stub
• Uses almost same
RMI dynamic code
generation
• Produces RMI stub
that manages load
balancing and failover across iS-boxes
in iSpace
• Allows full spectrum
of smart-client, frontend, flat cluster
Load Balance /
Fail-over Policy
RMI
stubs
Generated by RMI
compiler
Distributed Objects - not just remote
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Existing Applications
• Ninja "NOW Jukebox"
– Harnesses Berkeley Network of Workstations
– Plays real-time MPEG-3 audio served from 110+ CD's worth of music
• Voice-enabled room control
– Speech-to-text Operators control room services (camera, lights,
microphone)
– Eventual integration with GSM cell phones and PDA-based UI
• Stock Trading Service
– Accesses real-time stock data from Internet
– Programmatic interface to buy/sell/trade stocks through online
brokerage
• NinjaFAX
– Programmable remotely-accessed FAX machine service
– Send/receive FAXes; authentication used for access control
• Keiretsu: The Ninja Pager Service
– Provides instant messaging service via Web, 1/2-way pagers,
WorkPads, etc.
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Future Applications
• Universal Inbox
– e-mail, FAX, pager, voicemail accessible anywhere
• Universal Remote
– multiple-UI control of household/room devices
– automatic UI generation
• Ecash Mint
– Authenticated service to act as digital secure cash mint
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Complements industry PostPC efforts
• Get maximum number of applications first
– 1990 PC capality in handheld device
– microkernel port of Unix or Windows
– emulate vast API
• Turn devices into appliances
• Mobile extension of dedicated PC
– take short excursion and synch
• Success of the Palm Pilot with primitive OS and
split application model is significant
– it’s the approach, not the technical superiority
• Need to develop foundations for next generation
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Seeds sewn in many projects
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Devices - Infopad, IRAM
Scalable Servers - NOW, Millennium
Storage - Tertiary Disk, Istore, Aetherstore
Sensors and Actuators - BSAC
Connectivity - BWRC
Transcoding Services - Wingman, Mediaboard
Platform Architecture - Ninja
Computing/Telephony Integration - Iceberg
Programming Enviornments and Tools
User interfaces - Notepals
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Building the Bazaar
• What we need is not just a new research project,
but a new “computing culture”
=> Build a department-wide, universal wireless
PDA infrastructure and a community to take it
forward
• Initial Seed Fall 98 with IBM
– 150+ IBM workpads + lots of cradles + IR + ???
• Initial community
–
–
–
–
Ninja, ICEBERG, MASH grad students
Senior UI Class (CS 160)
All interested 1st year CS grads (CS 252, 261, 262 projects)
Fill out based on interest, talent and availability
=> “ask a good question
and get yours” seminar
Lucent visit
3/12/99
Fall’98 Project Excerpts
• E-Commerce and Security
– Pay-Per-Use Services on the Palm Computing Platform (Mike Chen, Andrew Geweke)
– Secure Email Infrastructure for PDAs (Hoon Kang, Rob von Behren)
– SyncAnywhere - Secure Network HotSync (Mike Chen, Helen Wang)
• Groupware
– Kiretsu - Ninja Instant Messaging Service (Matt Welsh, Steve Gribble)
– The MASH MediaPad - Shared Electronic Whiteboard for the PalmPilot (Yatin Chawathe)
– NotePals - Lightweight Meeting Support Using PDAs (Richard Davis)
– OSKI - Open Shared Kalendaring Infrastructure (Jason Hong, Brad Morrey, Mark
Newman)
• OS and Communications
–
PalmRouter - Networking Sporadically Connected Devices (Andras Ferencz, Robert
Szewczyk)
• Numerous Architecture Studies
• Excellent UI Projects
– Ink Chat, Nutrition/Excercise Tracker, Rendezvous - Meeting Scheduler
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Some Lessons
• Communication is enabling
– low-power wireless needs to be like IP
• Virtual Environment is important
– Devices connect “into the infrastructure”
» Network HotSync, groupware, centralized e-mail
=> Need lean, clean communication substrate
• “User Service” is fundamental
– not just profile and customization info
– routing point for security
• Much room for improvement in devices
– trade BW for compute or storage
• Development effort is the limiting factor
– OSKI: 1 person for infrastructure, 2 for WorkPad
=> need complete distributed system debugging and simulation
3/12/99 environment
Lucent visit
Momentum Building
Massive Cluster
Gigabit Ethernet
Clusters
Servers
Wireless
Infrastructure
PDAs
Cell Phones
Desktop
PCs
Future Devices
• Deploy postPC infrastructure throughout building
• Millennium provides large-scale testbed
• Ninja architecture allows developers to “Push
Services into the Infrastructure”
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Oceanic Vision: fluid software
• devices everywhere
• backed by massive, fluid data storage and
composible services
• operating systems for vastly diverse devices
– down to sensors and actuators
• streaming data management
– data derived from sensors and activities, not key entry
– incremental query
• automated negotiation architecture
• derive organization from activities
– social networking
– computational economies
3/12/99
Lucent visit
Roles, Collaboration, and Environment
• Bold, Rich PostPC Agenda Emerging
• New balance of expertise and technology
between industry and university
– devices, components, networks, applications, users
• New roles and relationships in collaboration
– how do we share space, environment, culture, not just
technology
• Fundamentally new demands on the research
space
– ability to deploy smart spaces on a large scale
– experimental wireless networking
– new modes of human interaction
• It’s not just what we build, but how we use it
3/12/99
Lucent visit