Transcript Exploration and Expansion

Exploration and
Expansion
 1400-1700
Theme: Migration and
Diffusion
European migration to the
Americas marked a turning
point in world history.
Expeditions expanded and the
diffusion of goods and ideas
changed societies worldwide.
Major Events
 1419 – Prince Henry supports Portuguese
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
exploration
1488 – Barholomeu Dias rounds the tip of
Africa
1492 – Columbus reaches the Americas
1520 – Magellan’s ships sail around the
southern tip of South America
1602 – Dutch capitalists form the East India
Company
Make a Prediction
What do you think happened
that enabled Europeans to
learn about and to explore
distant lands?
Voyages of Discovery
 MAIN IDEA: European explorers, motivated
by greed, curiosity and glory, sailed to
previously unknown lands.
The Journey
 How wide is the
sea? Sailors knew
the earth was
round, but they
did not realize
how vast it was.
 EXAMPLE:
Columbus’ crew
sailed for nearly a
month without
seeing land.
Foundations
 The Renaissance awakened a spirit of
innovation and discovery.
 Driven by the search for wealth
 Some wanted fame and glory
 Other explorers hoped to spread
their faith
Mnemonics Rock!
 The Three G’s:
 Gold
 Glory
 God
 This mnemonic is
a great way to
remember the
main motivations
of the European
explorers.
Technology
 Europeans borrowed heavily from
the Chinese and Muslims.
Magnetic Compass
 Made it
possible to
find direction
at sea.
Compass tells
seaman what
direction is
North.
Mathematical Compass
 Tool used to
draw circles.
These circles
would help them
during the
navigation
process.
 Still used today.
Mercator Projection
 Map projections
that show
longitude and
latitude as
straight lines.
 Shows true
directions to
places.
Hour Glass
 Used to tell time
on board a ship.
 Flipped each
hour or half
hour depending
on size.
 Not accurate
and has been
replaced.
Chronometer
 Device to tell
time on a ship.
 More accurate
than the hour
glass.
 Still used today.
Astrolabe
 Measures the
angles of the
sun and stars
above
horizon.
 Difficult to
use at sea.
 Was replaced
by the
sextant.
Sextant
 Device to find
latitude of ship by
comparing the
altitude of the sun
or stars.
 Better than
astrolabe because
ship movement
had no affect.
 Replaced in
1900’s by radar.
Latitude and Longitude
 Latitude always given first,
then Longitude.
 Coordinates are listed as
degrees, minutes, and
seconds.
 Designate a specific
location on Earth
Latitude
 Gives a location in
terms of North or
South of the
Equator
 Can you explain
how lines of latitude
can be different
sizes?
Longitude
 Gives location in terms of East or
West of the Prime Meridian.
 “meridians” extend from pole to
pole, 360 degrees.
Caravel
 The caravel was
faster and more
maneuverable.
 Older ships had
square sails, caravels
had triangular sails
(easier to change
direction)
 Bilge pump system
enabled ship to float
higher (less likely to
run aground, easier
to explore coasts and
rivers).
Push Factors
 Decline of Mongol
Empire in 1400s
made goods from the
east harder to get,
more expensive
 Fall of Constantinople
to the Ottoman Turks
in 1453 was a major
block to trade
Mongol Empire
Two countries were
particularly well situated
to kick off the Age of
Exploration. Who thinks
they can point to them
on the map?
Prince Henry the Navigator
 Started an institute for
seafaring and exploring
 Combined ship
technology learned
from Islam with new
European innovations
 By the time of his
death in 1460,
Portuguese had sailed
as far south as the
Gold Coast of West
Africa
The Gold
Coast
Vasco da Gama
 Sailed to Calicut, India
 Took them ten months
 Able to trade with
Muslim merchants
 Portugal became one of
the wealthiest and
most powerful nations
in Europe.
Cabral
 His crew sighted the land that
became known as Brazil.
 He sailed out of Portugal and followed
in da Gama’s footsteps.
 Stayed to the west of the windless
gulf between India and the horn of
Africa
Columbus
 Believed he could sail west to China
 Landed in the Caribbean
 Named the native people Indians
 Returned home with parrots, jewels,
gold, plants and Native Americans
Columbus 2
 He made three more voyages,
still thinking he was in the West
Indies every time.
Vespucci
 After voyages of
exploration along the
coast of South America
he concluded that this
continent was a new
land.
 Confirmed that this
was not Asia
Balboa
 Traveled through the
Isthmus of Panama
 Becomes the first
European explorer to
see the Pacific Ocean
Magellan
 Decided to figure out exactly how long it
would take to cross both vast oceans
 5 ships and 250 men
 Killed in the Philippines
 Crew continues under Juan de Elcano
 18 crew members became the first to
circumnavigate the world
 See primary resource ~~
 Pg 76 – An Explorer’s Journal
Think-Pair-Share
 What did da Gama, Columbus, and Magellan
accomplish?
The Rest of Europe
 By the early 1500s, the English and
French were exploring the northern
parts of the Americas.
 Within a century, the Dutch had
joined their efforts.
The English
 John Cabot
 Sir Francis Drake
 Henry Hudson
Sir Francis Drake
 The Queen sent him to round the tip of
South America and explore the west coast
 He made it to present day California and
tried to get back to England by going
around the northern rim North America
 Too cold
Sir Francis Drake
 Becomes the
second man to
circumnavigate
the globe
Henry Hudson
1607 – tried to find a
Northeast Passage around
Europe
Also explored the area of
present day New York
 Northwest passage has finally
been mapped.
 Often ice covered and not the
best for shipping.
The French
 Jacques Cartier – Tried to
find a Northwest Passage
through the Americas
 Sailed past Newfoundland
and into the St. Lawrence
river
 Called the area New
France
 Present day Canada
Statue in
present day
Montreal,
Canada
The Dutch
 Henry Hudson sailed again for
the Dutch and continued trying
to find a Northwest Passage
through the Americas.
The Netherlands
Discuss the Main Idea?
What did the English, French,
and Dutch explorers hope to
find?
Summary
 Please write a paragraph that
responds to this statement:
 The Age of Exploration could not
have occurred without the
Renaissance.
 Please support your answer with
specific examples.