Transcript Nessun titolo diapositiva - uni

Seminar on Electronic Commerce
24-28 September 2001
Electronic Payment
Billing for Internet Telephony and Services
Edoardo Berera
University of Nice Sophia Antipolis
Telelinea
26 September 2001
Telephone Bill Re-engineering
• Transport and services billed separately
• Packet Transport
– flat rate (for best effort service)
– volume based (for resource reservation or
differentiated service)
• Service
– per-use
– subscription basis
E. Berera
UNSA / Telelinea
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How To Bill a Telephone Call
Source: C. A. Polyzois et al., “From POTS to PANS….” (© IEEE Network, May/June 1999, pp. 58-64)
• Call Detail Record (CDR)
– Originating and terminating numbers
– Type of call, Starting time, Duration
• CDR delivered from originating switch to billing center
E. Berera
UNSA / Telelinea
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How To Bill IP Tel
• IP Telephony
Source: C. A. Polyzois et al., “From POTS to PANS….”
(© IEEE Network, May/June 1999, pp. 58-64)
E. Berera
– Authentication, Authorization
and Accounting (AAA)
architecture
– Policy Enforcement Points
(PEP)
• gateway, router or server
– Policy Decision Points (PDP)
• Customer databases
• Access and rules
information
• Billing policies
UNSA / Telelinea
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Protocols and Formats
• AAA Protocols
– Common Open Policy Service (COPS)
– DIAMETER
• PEP - PDP
• Accounting Data Interchange Format (ADIF)
– protocol independent
– SIP servers to billing centers
E. Berera
UNSA / Telelinea
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From Telephone Bill to E-Commerce
• Two perspectives of communications services
– subscription service
– individual purchases
• Latter more attractive if users want to maintain
business relationships with a large number of
service providers and transport providers
E. Berera
UNSA / Telelinea
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W3C E-Commerce Protocols
• Services as goods to be priced and
purchased individually like normal products
• Web E-Commerce models and languages
– Medium to High price transactions
• Internet Open Trading Protocol
– Low price transactions (micropayments)
• Millicent Protocol
– E-Commerce Markup Language (ECML)
E. Berera
UNSA / Telelinea
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Internet Open Trading Protocol
• Identify customers
• Negotiate prices and conditions
• Convey account information
– XML-based account records
• Several transactions, including credit card
records
• Aggregate record for billing or collection
E. Berera
UNSA / Telelinea
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Micropayments
• Rising importance of intangible goods
– newspaper article
– a song
– this presentation… ;-)
• Instantaneous electronic delivery at negligible cost
• “Conventional” payment methods more expensive
than the “actual” product
– No need to identify customer, accounts, credit cards
– No need to negotiate conditions
• need to pay cash
E. Berera
UNSA / Telelinea
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Millicent Protocol
• Low-value transactions
– 0.5 to 50 cents E or $
• Decentralized validation of
electronic cash valid only for
a specific vendor (scrip)
– Information could be carried as
part of a multipart/sip-id MIME
type in SIP
• Requires scrip brokers
E. Berera
UNSA / Telelinea
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E-Commerce Markup Language
• Standard set of information fields used in
commercial transactions (Schema definition)
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E. Berera
“Deliver to:” address
“Bill to:” address
Username, Password (for account subscribers)
Card type, number, expiration date
Wallet ID (for e-cash purchases)
Amount, currency
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Online Resources (IETF)
• Call Detail Record
• Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
– Common Open Policy Service
– DIAMETER
• Accounting Data Interchange Format
• Internet Open Trading Protocol (RFC 2801)
– IOTP Payment API
• E-Commerce Markup Language (RFC 3106)
E. Berera
UNSA / Telelinea
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Online Resources
• W3C E-commerce and Micropayment Activity
– Millicent Protocol
• http://www.millicent.digital.com
• IEEE Internet Computing, May/June 1999
http://computer.org/internet/telephony
E. Berera
UNSA / Telelinea
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