Transcript Slide 1

F Razo / CSUEB
TE51105
F Razo / CSUEB
TE5110
WORLD WIDE NETWORKS
INTERNET
NETWORK
NODE
COMPUTERS
IP Communications Protocol
FAR OUTSIDE WORLD (WAN, WWW, etc.) Wired or Wireless
COMMUNICATIONS
SERVER
FILE
SERVER
PRINTER
SERVER
NEAR OUTSIDE WORLD (LAN)
Wired or Wireless
TCP/IP Communications Protocol
USER COMPUTERS
You / Me
F Razo / CSUEB
TE5110
F Razo / CSUEB
TE5110
Local Input
Remote Input
Keyboard, Mouse, Modem,
Touch Screen, Industrial
Electro-Magnetic Sensors,
etc.
Local Output
Local and Remote
Local Storage
Remote Storage
Remote Output
Visual Electronic CRT, LED,
Plasma, Hard Copy Printed,
Electrical Control Impulses,
etc.
Fixed and Removable. Hard, Soft. Magnetic, Optical,
Semiconductor. Discs, Tapes, Cards, Sticks, etc.
F Razo / CSUEB
TE5110
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2
POWER TO COMPUTER IS TURNED ON
ROM BIOS FIRMWARE TRIGGERS AND CHECKS FOR THE
PRESENCE AND HEALTH OF VITAL CENTRAL HARDWARE
3
OPERATING SYSTEM (i.e. Windows, Linux, etc.) TRIGGERS
AND CHECKS FOR ACCESSORY HARDWARE
4
OPERATING SYSTEM (i.e. Windows, Linux, etc.) INITIATES
A CHECK OF CONNECTED NEAR OUTSIDE WORLD (LAN)
5
OPERATING SYSTEM (i.e. Windows, Linux, etc.) INITIATES
A CHECK OF FAR OUTSIDE WORLD (WAN, WWW, etc.)
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TE5110
THE FAR OUTSIDE WORLD (WAN, WWW, etc.)
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VERY HIGH SPEED,MASSIVE DATA COMMUNICATIONS,
WEB MANAGEMENT, SEARCH ENGINE SERVICE COMPUTERS, etc.
THE NEAR OUTSIDE WORLD (LAN)
LOCAL COMMUNICATIONS
SERVER COMPUTER
ATTACHED STORAGE
SERVER COMPUTER
INTERNET & WEB
SERVER COMPUTER
AREA PRINTER
SERVER COMPUTER
ACCESSORIES
INDIVIDUAL USER COMPUTER
Digital
CAMERAS
EXTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE
USB Port
TELEPHONE
Communications Port
HIGH SPEED NETWORK
Communications Port
INFRARED
Communications Port
3
SCANNERS
USB Port
USB PRINTERS
USB Port
HARD DISC
CD Drive
2
BIOS
RAM-MEMORY)
CENTRAL
PROCESSING UNIT
DVD Drive
FLOPPY Drive
1
VIDEO MONITOR Port
BATTERY
POWER
SUPPLY
(INTEL/AMD/APPLE/SUN/etc.)
KEYBOARD Port
MOUSE Port
SPEAKERS Port
Miscellaneous
PDA, AUDIO,
VIDEO & GAME
devices
MICROPHONE Port
LOCAL PRINTER
(Parallel) Port
SERIAL
(RS232) Port
F Razo / CSUEB
TE5110
F Razo / CSUEB
TE5110 - 2005
WAN, INTERNET,
FAR REMOTE
WWW, etc.
INTERNET LOGIN
LAN,
CORPORATE
INTRANETS
NEAR REMOTE
LAN LOGIN
DESKTOP
Data Cable, Wireless, Satellite
Telephone, Data Cable, Wireless
LOCAL
THE BROWSER SOFTWARE (i.e. EXPLORER, NETSCAPE) RETRIEVES
AND EXCHANGES DATA WITH LOCAL, NEAR-FAR, AND REMOTE
WEB SERVERS TO FEED THE CLIENT’S PAGES
PC LOGIN
F Razo / CSUEB
TE5110 - 2005
F Razo / CSUEB
TE5110 - 2005
WAN, INTERNET,
FAR REMOTE
WWW, etc.
INTERNET LOGIN
Far Client Mailbox
e.g. Hotmail
Data Cable, Wireless, Satellite
Near Client Mailbox
e.g. Novell
NEAR REMOTE
LAN
LAN LOGIN
LOCAL
DESKTOP
Telephone, Data Cable, Wireless
Local Client Mailbox
THE E-MAIL SOFTWARE (i.e. OUTLOOK, EUDORA, or WEB BROWSER)
RETRIEVES AND EXCHANGES DATA WITH LOCAL, NEAR-FAR, AND
REMOTE MAIL SERVERS TO FEED THE CLIENT’S MAIL SCREENS
PC LOGIN
F Razo / CSUEB
TE5110 - 2005
Computer Network Communications
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) / IP Internet Protocol
The Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA) originally developed
the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) to interconnect
various defense department computer networks. The International Standards
Organization (ISO), and the Institute of Electric and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
also have developed protocols (e.g. X.25, RS232) for the purpose of
standardizing computer connections and communications.
The Internet is an international Wide Area Network that uses these, and other
communications protocols to facilitate interconnection among all kinds of
computers using the diverse kinds of data, voice, and video networks seen today.
The TCP/IP suite includes the following individual protocols:
User Application Higher Logic understandings
“Raw wire” understandings
REMOTE COMPUTER(S)
LOCAL COMPUTER
Computer Network Communication Protocols
Overview Diagram - TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) & IP Internet Protocol
http://www.protocols.com/pbook/tcpip1.htm
Description of Components of TCP / IP Computer Communication Protocols
Page 1 of 2
Session Layer
Data Link Layer
ARP/RARP
Address Resolution Protocol/Reverse Address
BGMP
DCAP
Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol
Diameter
Network Layer
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DVMRP
Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
ICMP/ICMPv6
Internet Control Message Protocol
IGMP
Internet Group Management Protocol
IP
Internet Protocol version 4
IPv6
Internet Protocol version 6
MARS
Multicast Address Resolution Server
PIM
Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIMSM)
RIP2
Routing Information Protocol
RIPng for IPv6
Routing Information Protocol for IPv6
RSVP
Resource ReSerVation setup Protocol
VRRP
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Transport Layer
ISTP
Mobile IP
Mobile IP Protocol
RUDP
Reliable UDP
TALI
Transport Adapter Layer Interface
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
Van Jacobson
compressed TCP
XOT
X.25 over TCP
Border Gateway Multicast Protocol
DIS
Distributed Interactive Simulation
DNS
Domain Name Service
ISAKMP/IKE
Internet Security Association and Key Management
Protocol and Internet Key Exchange Protocol
iSCSI
Small Computer Systems Interface
LDAP
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
MZAP
Multicast-Scope Zone Announcement Protocol
NetBIOS/IP
NetBIOS/IP for TCP/IP Environment
Application Layer
COPS
Common Open Policy Service
FANP
Flow Attribute Notification Protocol
Finger
User Information Protocol
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
IMAP4
Internet Message Access Protocol rev 4
IMPPpre/IMPPmes
Instant Messaging and Presence Protocols
IPDC
IP Device Control
IRC
·Internet Relay Chat Protocol
ISAKMP
Internet Message Access Protocol version 4rev1
ISP
NTP
Network Time Protocol
POP3
Post Office Protocol version 3
Radius
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
RLOGIN
Remote Login
Description of Components of TCP / IP Computer Communication Protocols
Page 2 of 2
Tunneling
Session Layer (continued)
RTSP
Real-time Streaming Protocol
ATMP
Ascend Tunnel Management Protocol
SCTP
Stream Control Transmision Protocol
L2F
The Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol
S-HTTP
Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol
L2TP
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
SLP
Service Location Protocol
PPTP
Point to Point Tunneling Protocol
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
AH
Authentication Header
SOCKS
Socket Secure (Server)
ESP
Encapsulating Security Payload
TACACS+
Terminal Access Controller Access Control System
TLS
Transport Layer Security Protocol
TELNET
TCP/IP Terminal Emulation Protocol
TFTP
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
WCCP
Web Cache Coordination Protocol
X-Window
X Window
Routing
BGP-4
Border Gateway Protocol
EGP
Exterior Gateway Protocol
EIGRP
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
HSRP
Cisco Hot Standby Router Protocol
IGRP
Interior Gateway Routing
NARP
NBMA Address Resolution Protocol
NHRP
Next Hop Resolution Protocol
OSPF
Open Shortest Path First
TRIP
Telephony Routing over IP
Security
F Razo / CSUEB
TE5110 - 2005
Computer Operating System - Multitasking
The Operating System (OS) of the computer is a program that coordinates the computing tasks
in the machine, keeping track of who is using the (single or multiple) processor, storage, and
communications resources. The MS Windows and Apple OS X, as well as the UNIX (and LINUX)
operating systems all do the same, their own way. The window below pops up under MS
Windows, by pressing ONCE the ALT-CTRL-DEL keys simultaneously, and shows a list of user
application programs running and sharing resources in a computer. Which programs are
currently running on this computer?
Computer Operating System Multiprocessing
The Operating Systems normally breaks down major
tasks in multiple processing routines. Operating
systems coordinate the input, processing, storage,
and output needs of the multiple tasks being served.
The list on the right shows processes running on an
MS Windows machine, and include user tasks, as
well as many of the housekeeping tasks involved in
running the operating system itself. In the case
shown, which routine is “using” about 97% of the
CPU processing capacity?
When one of the processes becomes tangled up, or
“bogged down”, executing repeatedly the same thing,
or waiting hopelessly because of faulty program
logic, computer resource deficiencies, or bad
administration, the computer can become
unreasonably slow, and perhaps even “frozen”:
What can we do then?
Computer Operating System –
Performance Monitoring
Present Operating Systems also can provide a
program that displays graphically the level of
activity and utilization of various computer
resources.
The window shown on the right shows a graph of:
a) the percent utilization of the computer central
processing unit (CPU). What percent of the CPU
capacity is typically free?
b) the number of times, or pages the CPU has had
to off-load data from the fast (DIM-chip) RAMMEMORY areas, to the more permanent, massive,
slower, HARD magnetic DISC (VIRTUAL memory)
for functionality purposes. About how much hard
disc memory (MB) is being used for fast-memory
pages?
A large number of page swapping to hard disc can
be an indication of under-capacity in the available
fast RAM-MEMORY space, which can cause a
slower, sluggish machine operation.
What can be done then?
Computer Operating System – Hard Disc Utilization
The window on the right shows the window “My
Computer” of an MS Windows operating system.
This window lists all the storage devices available
to the user, and key utilization “Details” figures
for the selected (highlighted) device.
In the screen shown, the Local Hard Disc (C:)
shows using an NTFS (!) method of linking files, a
“Total Size” of 37.2 Giga Bytes (GB, thousand
million bytes of data), and an amount of 22.4 Giga
Bytes of “Free Space”.
In a typical system, and depending of its use
(NOTE: digital pictures, music and video use
LOTS of bytes!), an amount of Free Space less
than 1 Giga Byte could soon be insufficient for all
the tasks needing it (Windows itself needs about
200 Mega Bytes, or two-tenths of a Giga Byte).
When hard disc space is insufficient, a machine
will struggle and become slow in its effort to
shuffle and allocate needed space. In a personal
computer, this problem, which is called disc
“trashing” can often be seen and heard. How
does the machine shown here looks?
If a computer has an amount of hard disc Free
Space of say, 100 Mega Bytes (one-tenth of a Giga
Byte), and appears to be sluggish and trashing,
What could be possible solutions?
Computer Operating System –
Network Performance Monitoring
The window on the right shows the utilization of
networking resources in a computer. The
computer that produced the image was not
connected to a Local Area Network, therefore its
utilization stays at 0%.
If a computer shows very high utilization
percentages for networking resources, say above
80% during start-up, and it is slow and sluggish
to begin,
What could be the problem?