Transcript Age of Exploration and Isolation

Warm Up
► Explain
why the Renaissance was an
important part of World History? Make sure
you give concrete details in your answer.
Warm Up #2
► 1.
Study the map on page 467. Which
European country sent out the first voyage
of exploration to the East?
► 2. What European countries had established
trading posts in the East by 1700?
► 3. Read the Spotlight On the Forbidden City
on page 470. Why was the palace complex
called the Forbidden City?
Warm Up #2
► Discuss
why and why not exploration would
not advance a countries civilization.
Warm Up #3
► 1.
Study the Japanese Society chart on
page 475. Who had the most power in
Japanese society?
► 2. What group composed the largest class
in Japanese society?
Age of Exploration and
Isolation
1400-1800
Chapter 19
Explore East
► Advances
in sailing technology enable
Europeans to explore other parts of the
world.
Why did explorations happen when
they did?
►A
variety of factors all came together to
make the time period (1450-1700) the “age
of exploration”
► Some of these factors were pushes, external
forces acting on Europe
► Some were pulls, motivations and things
that attracted the Europeans
What is the easiest way to
remember it all?
► The
Three G’s:
 Gold
 Glory
 God
► Gold
The First G: Gold
was a hot item that explorers were looking
for, but remember that it is really wealth, not just
literal gold that explorers were after.
► Europe needed gold (and silver) to fuel the rising
banking system
► Europeans also desired spices (Da Gama’s voyage
to India made him a 3000% profit!)
► Other natural resources would come to be sold for
profit as well (timber, sugar, tobacco, ivory, etc.)
► This competition will be enhanced by the idea of
mercantilism that emerges, the idea that there
is only so much wealth in the world, and that to
make your kingdom strong you must have more
gold and wealth than the other kingdoms
The second G: Glory
►
►
►
►
The Triumph of Fame, a Flemish
tapestry from 1502.
Just like the first G, Gold,
Glory was a relatively new
idea in Europe
Came out of the
Renaissance ideal of
Humanism, and the focus
on individual achievement
With the rise of the
printing press, the idea of
gaining fame for one’s
actions was more possible
Also, individual kings
wanted glory for their
kingdoms, competition
spreads
The third G: God
► As
members of a universalizing religion, Europeans
had always seen spreading Christianity as a good
thing
► Especially after the Reformation, competition will
spring up
► Colonization will become a race to convert native
peoples to a particular brand of Christianity
► Jesuits (Catholics) are some of the most active
How did these explorations begin?
►
►
►
►
The first to encourage new
ship explorations was
Prince Henry of Portugal,
known as “Prince Henry
the Navigator”
Started an institute for
seafaring and exploring
Combined ship technology
learned from Islam with
new European innovations
By the time of his death in
1460, Portuguese had
sailed as far south as the
Gold Coast of West Africa
Portugal
► 1460—trading
posts along west coast of
Africa
► 1488—Dias sails around southern tip of
Africa
► 1498-99
 Vasco da Gama sails to India and returns to
Portugal with valuable cargo
What were the new technologies
that enabled explorations?
►
►
►
►
The caravel was a new,
faster, more maneuverable
ship
Older ships had square
sails, caravels had
triangular sails (easier to
change direction)
Bilge pump system
enabled ship to float
higher (less likely to run
aground, easier to explore
coasts and rivers)
Compass, astrolabe, maps
and other technologies
from Islamic culture all
helped make explorations
possible
What factors were pushing
Europeans to explore?
► Decline
of Mongol
Empire in 1400s made
goods from the east
harder to get, more
expensive
► Fall of Constantinople
to the Ottoman Turks
in 1453 was a major
block to trade
Spain
► 1492—Columbus
convinces Spain to support
travel to Asia.
► Discovered America and opens up to
colonization and exploration.
► 1493—pope divides lands between Spain
and Portugal
► Agreement formalized by Treaty of
Tordesillas
Trading Empire in Indian Ocean
► 1509-1511—
►Portugal
defeats Muslims, takes over Indian Ocean
Trade.
►Captures Goa, port city in western India
►Seizes Malacca on Malay Peninsula
► These
gains break Muslim-Italian hold on
Asian trade.
Trading Empire in Indian Ocean
► English
& Dutch begin moving into Asia
► Dutch have more ships
► Weaken Portuguese control over Asia
► Overpower English
► Form Dutch East India Company for Asian
Trade
► Throughout 1600’s Dutch trade grows
► East India Company grows.