Transcript A+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Software 2e

A+ Guide to Software
Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting
THIRD EDITION
Chapter 12
Windows on the
Internet
You Will Learn…

About the TCP/IP suite of protocols

How to connect to the Internet using dialup, DSL, and cable modem connections

About supporting common Internet
clients such as Web browsers, email
clients, and file transfer software
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The TCP/IP Suite of Protocols
Client/Server applications have two
components:
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Using IP and Port Address to
Identify Services


An Internet server might be running
many applications simultaneously (e.g.,
Web, email, and FTP services)
Clients and servers distinguish the
services by the use of an identifying
number, known variously as:



Port
Port address
Port number
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Using IP and Port Address to
Identify Services (continued)
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Common TCP/IP Port Numbers
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Software, Protocols, and
Technology on a TCP/IP Network
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Application Protocols
Common Internet applications

Web browsers

Email

Chat rooms

FTP
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Application Protocols (continued)



API (Application programming interface)
call – way an application asks an OS to
do something
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) –
used by Web browsers and Web servers
to communicate
Session (socket) – an established
communication link between two
programs
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TCP/IP Protocols Used by the OS
for Network Communication

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
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

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
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

Guarantees delivery
Connection-oriented protocol
Does not guarantee delivery
Connectionless protocol (best effort)
IP (Internet Protocol)


Breaks up data into packets
Routes them to destination
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TCP Uses IP
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TCP Guarantees Delivery
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Other TCP/IP Protocols

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
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RARP (Reverse Address Resolution
Protocol)
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
Locates host on a local network
Discovers Internet address of host on local
network
ICMP (Internet Control Message
Protocol)


Communicates problems with transmission
TTL (time to live) – number of routers a packet
can pass through on its way to its destination
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Network Protocols Used by
Hardware

Protocol used depends on type of
physical network data is traveling on

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)


Used over telephone lines

A line protocol or bridging protocol
SLIP (Serial Line Interface Protocol)

Also a line protocol
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TCP/IP Utilities


TCP/IP includes
a group of
utilities used for
troubleshooting
Popular



Ping
Winipcfg
Ipconfig
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Microsoft SNMP Agent

Can be installed after you install TCP/IP
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SNMP (Simple Network Management
Protocol) provides system management
tools for networks

Can be a security risk
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Using NSLookup
NSLookup requests data about domain name
resolutions from a DNS server’s zone file
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Connecting to the Internet

Dial-up connection

DSL

Cable modem
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Dial-up Networking

Process a Windows PC uses to connect
to a network using a modem and a
regular phone line

Modem acts like a network card to
provide physical connection to network

Transmission speed is much slower than
a direct network connection
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How Dial-up Networking Works
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Creating a Dial-up Connection in
Windows 2000/XP
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What is the phone number of the ISP?

What is your user ID and password for
the ISP?

Will DNS be dynamically assigned?


If not, what is the IP address of DNS
server?
How will the IP address be assigned?
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Creating a Dial-up Connection in
Windows 2000/XP (continued)
1.
Go to Network Connections, click
Create a new connection
2.
Click Next, click Connect to the
Internet, click Next
3.
Select Set up my network connection
manually, click Next, select Connect
using a dial-up modem, click Next
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Creating a Dial-up Connection in
Windows 2000/XP (continued)
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Creating a Dial-up Connection in
Windows 2000/XP (continued)
4.
Enter a name for the connection, click
Next, enter the ISP phone number,
click Next
5.
Enter username and password, select
appropriate options, click Next
6.
Choose whether to add a desktop
shortcut, click Finish
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Creating a Dial-up Connection in
Windows 2000/XP (continued)
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Creating a Dial-up Connection in
Windows 2000/XP (continued)
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Creating a Dial-up Connection in
Windows 98
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Creating a Dial-up Connection in
Windows 98 (continued)
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Creating a Dial-up Connection in
Windows 98 (continued)
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Creating a Dial-up Connection in
Windows 98 (continued)
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Dial-up Networking Problems


Cannot make a connection
Can connect, but get message “Unable
to resolve hostname”

After connecting, get error message
“Unable to establish a compatible set of
network protocols”

When you double-click Web browser, the
modem does not dial automatically
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DSL and Cable Modem
Connections

TCP/IP settings are same as used by a
modem-to-phone line connection

Cable modem and DSL use a network
card in the PC for the physical
connection

For service to the Internet, the other end
of the cable connects to a cable modem
or a DSL box
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DSL and Cable Modem
Connections (continued)
Installation:
1.
Install NIC and drivers
2.
Connect NIC to cable or DSL box
3.
Install and bind TCP/IP
4.
Configure TCP/IP to connect to Internet
5.
Install application software
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Cable Modem




Uses regular TV cable cord to connect to
a TV cable wall outlet
Electrical connection provides power to
the box
Connects to the PC by way of a
network/USB port using a network/USB
cable from modem to PC
Service technician usually installs the
network card and configures the PC to
use the service
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Cable Modem (continued)
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DSL and ISDN

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Provided by local telephone company
DSL typically uses a converter box that
is combined with a router
ISDN uses a Terminal Adapter (TA) or an
ISDN router
Device connects to PC by way of a
network cable and card
Technician from phone company most
likely will do installation
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Sharing Internet Connections

One computer shares its direct connection
to Internet (via phone line, cable modem, or
DSL) with other computers on the LAN



ICS (Internet Connection Sharing)
Broadband converter box can connect to a
network device (e.g., router) that manages
connection for entire network
The router can serve as a wireless access
point for computers to connect wirelessly to
the Internet
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A Router as a Wireless Access
Point
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Windows Internet Connection
Sharing

Available in Windows 98 or Windows XP

Allows others on a small office or home
LAN to share an Internet connection with
a host computer
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Configuring the LAN for Internet
Connection Sharing
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Implementing a Firewall

Firewalls can filter:

Data packets by source or destination IP
address, or protocol

Ports

Applications such as FTP

Some can filter content
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Hardware Firewalls
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Software Firewalls
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Supporting Internet Clients

Web browsers

E-mail

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
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Supporting Web Browsers

A Web browser is a software application
used to request Web pages from a Web
server on the Internet or an intranet

A Web page is a text file with HTML
(Hypertext Markup Language)
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How a URL Is Structured
URL (Uniform Resource Locator):
Address for a Web page file or other
resource on the Internet
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Top-Level Domain Names
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Using Secure HTTP
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HTTPS (HTTP secure)
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
Uses SSL or TLS as secure protocol
SSL (Secure socket layer) is the de facto
standard protocol
• Uses digital certificate (digital ID) assigned by
a certificate authority that uniquely identifies
someone on the Internet
• Includes public key

TLS (transport layer security) is an
improvement on SSL
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Using Secure HTTP (continued)
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Configuring a Browser
Accessing Internet Options to control
Internet Explorer:



Open Internet Explorer applet in Control
Panel
From Internet Explorer, click Tools on the
menu bar, then Internet Options
Right-click Internet Explorer icon and
select Properties from shortcut menu
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Configuring a Browser (continued)
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Solving Browser Performance
Problems
Make sure there is enough hard drive
space, the hard drive is clean, and that
virtual memory settings are optimized

Defrag

Scandisk

System information
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Solving Browser Performance
Problems (continued)
Open Internet Properties
Click Delete files under Temporary
Internet files, then click OK
Click Clear History under History, then
click OK
1.
2.
3.

4.
Consider reducing the number of days to
keep history
Click OK
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Controlling the Internet Explorer
Environment
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Suppressing Image Downloading
For Internet Explorer version 5,
download Web Accessories
For Internet Explorer version 6:


1.
2.
3.
Open Tools menu, click Internet Options
Click Advanced
Clear checkbox for unwanted features:
•
•
•
•
Show pictures
Play animations
Play videos
Play sounds
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Browser Updates and Patches


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Generally you should use the most
current version to get the latest features
and fixes to known problems
With an older computer or OS, you may
not want the latest version
Check http://support.microsoft.com
Download updates and patches from
http://windowsupdate.microsoft.com
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Supporting E-Mail


Email client software communicates with
an email server to send and receive mail
It’s possible to have two email servers:



SMTP server takes care of sending email
POP server is where the user goes to
collect email messages
Both will have to be configured when you
set up your email client
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Supporting E-Mail (continued)
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Using Two E-Mail Servers
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Supporting FTP

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

Used to transfer files between two
computers using the same or different
operating system(s)
Both computers must have FTP installed
Provides ability to download files to the
PC
Can be executed from user-friendly GUI
software or from a command prompt
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FTP from a
Command Prompt
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File Transfer Using FTP Software
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Start the FTP software
Click Connect to log on to an FTP site
Enter the Host Name, user ID and
password, click OK
User ID and password authenticated
Use appropriate commands to transfer
files; use Auto format if unsure
Click Exit to leave the utility
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File Transfer Using FTP Software
(continued)
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File Transfer Using FTP Software
(continued)
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Summary

The TCP/IP suite of protocols

Connecting to the Internet using dial-up,
DSL, and cable modem connections

Supporting common Internet clients such
as Web browsers, email clients, and file
transfer software
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