Transcript The Beginnings of our Global Age

The Beginnings of our Global Age
Europe, Africa, and Asia
Why Europeans
Searched for Spices
Portugal
 Who takes the lead and encourages exploration?
Prince Henry
Prince Henry decides
to explore Portugal
 Wants to make Portugal a world power and hoped to convert
people to Christianity.
 He encourages advances in mapmaking (cartography) and
navigation
 He maps out the African coast
 Legacy: oes succeed in making Portugal a world power but does
not succeed in spreading Christianity.
Seeking India
 Who is the Portuguese explorer that connects to India?
Vasco da Gama
Early explorers could not navigate from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and
into the Indian Ocean. The Suez Canal was not artificially manufactured until the
1860’s. This man made canal further connected Eastern Europe to Asia.
Seeking India
 Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama finds India
 Acquires a large cargo ship of Spices that proves to be highly
profitable
 Creates a vast empire and trade routes that are open to the
world
Other Explorers?
 Who is this guy?
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=raPLzhzxAeU&safety_mode=true&persist_safety
_mode=1&safe=active
Christopher Columbus
 Main accomplishments of Columbus
 first European (except for the Vikings) to reach the Americas;
he motivated other explorers
Treaty of Tordesillas
 Treaty of Tordesillas affected competition among European
nations
 It intensified competition
 European nations felt they needed to claim land quickly before
there was nothing left
 Line of Demarcation: divided European and non-
European countries into 2 zones controlled by Spain and
Portugal
Section 2 Turbulent Centuries in Africa
Effects of European Exploration
What effects did European exploration have on the people of Africa?
Pgs. 90-93
European Footholds
Slave Trade
New African States
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Sec. 2 Turbulent Centuries in Africa
 Europeans set up posts along Africa’s coast
 -bases to repair and resupply ships
 European Slave Trade—plantations—large estates,
Europeans bought large #s of slaves to work for them.
 Expansion encourages Slave Trade
 African nations competed to dominate the slave trade
 African leaders resisted, but in the end were not successful.
New African States
 Depended on slave trade and waged war on neighboring
tribes in order to dominate the slave trade.
 Asante Kingdom
 Osei Tutu: trading city of Kumasi
 Conquered neighboring kingdoms and unified
 Traded with Europeans exchanging gold and slaves for firearms
 Oyo empire
 Present day Nigeria
 Traded with Europeans and built an army to establish control.
 Traded at the port city of Porto-Novo
 MONOPOLY: is the exclusive control of a business or industry.
Cape Town
• Dutch immigrants built Cape Town—the first permanent
European settlement
• Gave sailors a direct route to Asia
• Used to supply ships sailing to and from the East Indies
• Boers: Dutch farmers who settled around Cape Town—felt
Africans were inferior
Section 3: European Footholds in
South and Southeast Asia
How Did European Nations Build
Empires in South and Southeast Asia?
Pgs. 95-98
Portugal
Netherlands
Spain
Britain
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Portugal Builds an Eastern Empire
 Portugal first gained a foothold in Asia through Vasco da
Gama.
 Portuguese ships had unmatched powerful cannons allowing
them to gain control of the Indian Ocean and spice trade.
 Afonso de Albuquerque was able to gain favor with portions
of Southern India.
 Goa: major military and commercial base for Portugal off the
coast of India.
 Port Malacca: outpost in the East Indies.
 Outposts: distant areas under Portuguese control.
Portugal’s Legacy in the Area
 Was Portugal successful in making inroads
into the region? Why?
 Mughal Empire
Netherlands: Dutch
 Dutch are able to establish STRONG presence in the region
 Strong Sea Power: used military force
 Dutch East India Company—formed by wealthy Dutch
merchants. Sovereign powers…allowing them to build
armies, wage war, negotiate peace treaties, and govern
overseas territory.
 Set up to protect trade by the Dutch
 Captured Malaca from Portuguese
 Influence remained up to 1900’s
Spain Seizes the Philippines
 Foothold in the Philippines: Filipinos were not united
making it easier for Spain to gain control.
 Spanish shipped silver mined in Mexico and Peru across the
Pacific to the Philippines. They used the silver to buy goods
in China. Large quantities of American silver flowed into
the economies of East Asian nations.
Mughal India and European Traders
 Mughals: largest, richest, most powerful kingdom in Europe.
 Mughals allowed Dutch, Portuguese, French, and British
traders to set up coastal ports, warehouses in Indian coastal
towns.
 Religious conflict between Hindu and Muslim princes
rekindled and civil war depleted resources.
 British and French established allegiances and organized
company’s of sepoys: Indian troops.
 Power-Shift: the infighting, corruption, and conflict lead to
British and Frances power. Britain and France then begin
engaging in conflict and competition.
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia
European Contact With Ming China
 Portugal reached China from their Malaccan base in 1514.
 Limitations on trade
 China’s textiles and metalwork were superior to Europeans.
 Demanded payment in gold or silver.
 Allowed one solitary location to trade at Macao in present day
Guangzhou.
 Dutch, English and other Europeans traded under the
supervision of imperial officials.
Matteo Ricci
 Jesuit priest born in Italy.
 Made a strong impression on the
Chinese.
 Jesuits, and other priests had little
success spreading their religious
beliefs in China.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M
av-rGz3O4&feature=player_embedded
The Manchu Conquest
 Manchus: ruled a region in the northeast, Manchuria, that
had been influenced by Chinese civilization.
 Manchu armies seized Beijing and made it their capital.
(1644)
 Qing Dynasty: adopted Confucian system of government.
 Shared government positions…1 Qing, 1 Chinese
 Kangxi extended Chinese power in Central Asia and
promoted Chinese culture.
 Qianlong (Kangxi grand-son) expanded China’s borders to
rule the largest are in their history.
Manchu
 Spreading Peace and Prosperity
 Economy expanded
 Agriculture: crops from Americas were successfully introduced.
 Ag-Boom led to increased population
 140 Million 1740 to 300 Million 1800
 Rejecting Contact With Europeans
 Qianlong rejected trade from westerners (Ming). Lord
Macartney (British) is an example of how not to interact. What
happened?
 Analyze the decisions of Chinese trade.
Korea: The “Hermit Kingdom”
 Why was Korea known as the “Hermit Kingdom”
 Pg. 102
Foreign Traders in Japan
 Portuguese, Dutch, Spanish, and British welcomed.
 Traded for firearms to aid in control of people
 Jesuits: Francis Xavier spread Christianity
 Japanese questioned allegiance of Christians. Welcomed the
printing press.
 Tokugawas expelled missionaries and killed thousands of
Japanese Christians.
 Japan outlawed building large ships, and forbade travel.
 Nagasaki harbor: permitted Dutch ships to trade to keep
informed on worldly affairs. Why the Dutch?