Transcript Slide 1

The Internet
8th Edition
Tutorial 1
Browser Basics
Objectives
• Learn about the Internet and the World Wide Web
• Learn how Web browser software displays Web pages
• Learn how Web page addresses are constructed
• Become familiar with Web browsers and the main
functions found in this type of software
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Objectives
• Configure and use the Microsoft Internet Explorer Web
browser to navigate the Web
• Save and organize Web addresses using Internet
Explorer
• Save Web page text and graphics using Internet
Explorer
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Objectives
• Configure and use the Mozilla Firefox Web browser to
navigate the Web
• Save and organize Web addresses using Firefox
• Save Web page text and graphics using Firefox
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Understanding the Internet
and the World Wide Web
• Computers can be connected to each other in a
configuration called a network
•
If the computers are near each other (usually in the
same building), the network is called a local area
network or a LAN
• Networked computers that are not located near each
other form a wide area network, or a WAN
• When networks are connected to each other, the system
is called an interconnected network or internet (with a
lowercase “i”)
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Understanding the Internet
and the World Wide Web
• The Internet (with an uppercase “i”) is a specific
interconnected network that connects computers all over
the world using a common set of interconnection
standards
• The part of the Internet known as the World Wide Web
(or the Web) is a subset of the computers on the Internet
that use software to make their contents easily
accessible to each other
• The Web is a collection of files that reside on computers,
called Web servers, that are located all over the world
and are connected to each other through the Internet
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Understanding the Internet
and the World Wide Web
• When you use your Internet connection to become part
of the Web, your computer becomes a Web client in a
worldwide client/server network
• A Web browser is the software that you run on your
computer to make it work as a Web client
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Understanding the Internet
and the World Wide Web
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Understanding the Internet
and the World Wide Web
• The standard used on the Web is Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML)
• Anchor tags in HTML documents create hypertext links,
or hyperlinks or links, which are instructions that point
to other HTML documents or to another section of the
same document
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Understanding the Internet
and the World Wide Web
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Understanding the Internet
and the World Wide Web
• When a Web browser displays an HTML document, it is
often referred to as a Web page
• Hyperlinks that connect to files that contain pictures,
graphics, and media objects are often are called
hypermedia links
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Web Site Organization
• A collection of linked Web pages that has a common
theme or focus is called a Web site
• The main page that all of the other pages on a particular
Web site are organized around and link back to is called
the site’s home page
• Home pages that meet the second or third definitions are
sometimes called start pages
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Addresses on the Web
• Each computer on the Internet has a unique
identification number, called an IP (Internet Protocol)
address
• A domain name is a unique name associated with a
specific IP address by a program that runs on an Internet
host computer
• The program that coordinates the IP addresses and
domain names for all computers attached to it is called
DNS (domain name system) software, and the host
computer that runs this software is called a domain
name server
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Addresses on the Web
• The last part of a domain name is called its top-level
domain (TLD)
• Since 1998, the Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers (ICANN) has had responsibility
for managing domain names
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Addresses on the Web
• A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a four-part
addressing scheme that tells the Web browser:
– The transfer protocol to use when transporting the file
– The domain name of the computer on which the file
resides
– The pathname of the folder or directory on which the
file resides
– The name of the file
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Addresses on the Web
• The transfer protocol is the set of rules that the
computers use to move files from one computer to
another on an internet
• The most common transfer protocol used on the Internet
is the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
• Two protocols that you still might see on the Internet are
the file transfer protocol (FTP), which is indicated in a
URL as ftp://, and the Telnet protocol, which is
indicated in a URL as telnet://
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Addresses on the Web
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Main Elements of Web
Browsers
• The two most popular browsers in use today are
Microsoft Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Main Elements of Web
Browsers
• Internet Explorer program window
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Main Elements of Web
Browsers
• Firefox program window
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Main Elements of Web
Browsers
• Common browser window elements:
– Title bar
– Minimize, Restore Down, and Close buttons
– Maximize button
– Scroll bar
– Web page area
– Status bar
– Menu bar
– Command bar
– Page tab
– Home button
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Finding Information on the Web Using
Search Engines and Web Directories
• Web search engines are Web pages that conduct
searches of the Web to find the words or expressions
that you enter
• You can use a Web directory, a Web page that contains
a list of Web page categories, such as education or
recreation, to narrow the results returned for a particular
search
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Returning to Web Pages
Previously Visited
• In Internet Explorer, you can save the URL of a site you
would like to revisit as a favorite
• In Firefox, you can use a bookmark to save the URL of
a specific page so you can return to it
• As you click hyperlinks to go to new Web pages, the
browser stores the location of each page you visit during
a single session in a history list
• You click the Back button and the Forward button in
either Internet Explorer or Firefox to move through the
history list
• Clicking the Refresh button in Internet Explorer or the
Reload button in Firefox loads the same Web page that
appears in the browser window again
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Cookies
• A cookie is a small file that a Web server writes to the
disk drive of the client computer (the computer on which
the Web browser is running)
• Cookies can contain information about the user, such as
login names and passwords
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Other Web Browser Choices
• Mosaic
• Netscape Navigator
• Mozilla Project
• Gecko engine
• SeaMonkey Project
• Opera
• Chromium Project
• Google Chrome
• iRider
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Starting Microsoft Internet
Explorer
• The status bar at the bottom of the window includes
several panels that give you information about Internet
Explorer’s operations
• The menu bar gives you access to list menus that
contain all of the menu commands available in Internet
Explorer
• When the window is in Full Screen, the toolbars and
menu bar are no longer visible
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Entering a URL in the Address
Window
• You can use the Address window, which is located on
the Navigation toolbar, to enter URLs directly into
Internet Explorer
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Navigating Web Pages Using the
Mouse
• The easiest way to move from one Web page to another
is to use the mouse to click hyperlinks that the authors of
Web pages include in their HTML documents
• You can also right-click the mouse on the background of
a Web page to open a shortcut menu that includes
navigation options.
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Returning to Previously Viewed
Pages
• Using the Favorites Cente
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Printing a Web Page
• Clicking the Print button on the Command bar opens a
menu that gives you choices for printing the current Web
page, viewing the page as it will appear when printed
(Print Preview), or accessing the Page Setup dialog box,
which provides options for adjusting the margins,
header, footer, and other attributes of the pages you
print
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Checking Web Page Security
• Encryption is a way of scrambling and encoding data
transmissions that reduces the risk that a person who
intercepts the Web page as it travels across the Internet
will be able to decode and read the page’s contents
• A certification authority is a company that attests to a
Web site’s identity. A Web site that has obtained the
attestation of a certificate authority has the right to
display information about the certification authority when
you load its Web page
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Private Web Browsing
• When in private browsing mode, Internet Explorer
does not store History, cookies, or copies of the Web
pages you visit
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Getting Help in Internet Explorer
• Internet Explorer includes an online Help system
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Starting Mozilla Firefox
• Firefox main program window
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Firefox Toolbars
• The Navigation toolbar includes the Location bar and a
Search bar
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Navigating Web Pages Using the
Location Field
• You can use the Location field to enter URLs directly into
Firefox
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Navigating Web Pages Using the
Mouse
• The easiest way to move from one Web page to another
is to use the mouse to click hyperlinks that the authors of
Web pages embed in their HTML documents
• You can also right-click the mouse on the background of
a Web page to open a shortcut menu that includes
navigation options
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Returning to Web Pages
Previously Visited
• Bookmarks in Firefox are stored, along with the History
list, in the Firefox Library
• The History menu commands enable you to move back
and forward through a portion of the history list and allow
you to choose a specific Web page from the list
• Firefox stores a copy of every Web page it displays on
your computer’s hard drive in a Temporary Internet
Files folder in the Windows folder
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Checking Web Page Security
• Encryption is a way of scrambling and encoding data
transmissions that reduces the risk that a person who
intercepts the Web page as it travels across the Internet
will be able to decode and read the page’s contents
• The Security indicator button is a small picture of a
padlock that appears at the right edge of the status bar
at the bottom of the Firefox browser window when a
secure Web page is loaded
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Private Web Browsing
• When in private browsing mode, Firefox does not store
History, cookies, or copies of the Web pages you visit
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition
Summary
• The Internet and the World Wide Web
• How Web browser software displays Web pages
• How Web page addresses are constructed
• The main functions of Web browsers
• Configure and use Microsoft Internet Explorer and
Mozilla Firefox
• Save and organize Web addresses in both browsers
• Save Web page text and graphics in both browsers
New Perspectives on the Internet, 8th Edition