Transcript A+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Software 2e

A+ Guide to Software
Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting
THIRD EDITION
Chapter 11
Windows on a
Network
You Will Learn…
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

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
About different types of physical network
architectures
How networking works with Windows
How to configure a network card and a
network protocol using Windows
About sharing resources on a network
Troubleshooting tools and tips for
network connections
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Physical Network Architecture
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LAN (local area network) provides a
way for devices to communicate and
share resources
Node (host) is one device on a network
Popular physical network architectures
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Ethernet
Wireless LAN
Token Ring
FDDI
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Ethernet
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Most popular network architecture today
Three variations
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10-Mbps Ethernet
100-Mbps (Fast) Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
Most Ethernet networks use star
configuration using a hub
A hub is a distribution point
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Ethernet Star Configuration
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Hub, RJ-45 and BNC Connectors
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Wireless LAN

Uses radio waves or infrared light
instead of cables to connect devices
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Uses a wireless network interface card
which includes an antenna
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Devices connect to LAN by way of a
wireless access point (AP)
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Access Point
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How NICs Work
A PC connects to a network by way of a
network adapter (network interface
card, NIC)
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PCI slot
USB port
SCSI external port
Serial port
Embedded on motherboard
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How NICs Work (continued)
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An individual NIC supports only one
architecture at a time
A combo card can accommodate
different cabling media
Each NIC is uniquely identified by an
address knows as any of the following:

MAC address
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Physical address
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Media Access Control
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Adapter address
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Hardware address
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Ethernet address
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Ethernet Combo Card
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Windows Networking
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Network Operating System (NOS)
controls an entire network and resources
in a client/server model
Popular Network Operating Systems
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Windows Server 2003
Windows 2000 Server
Novell NetWare
Unix
Linux
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Windows Networking (continued)
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Client/Server network
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Client computer provides a user ID and
password in order to access a network
Server validates that data against a security
database
Windows client/server network is called
a domain

Server in a Windows network is called a
domain controller
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Windows Networking (continued)
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In a peer-to-peer network, each
computer has the same authority as the
other computers
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Usually fewer than 10 computers
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A Windows peer-to-peer network is
called a workgroup
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Windows Network Protocols
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Windows Network Protocols
(continued)
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TCP/IP is the protocol of the Internet
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IPX/SPX is a protocol designed for
Novell NetWare
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NetBEUI is a non-routable Windows
protocol
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Windows Network Protocols
(continued)
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To use a network protocol
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Install the NIC and connect to the network
Install the protocol in the operating system
Protocol automatically associates itself with
any NICs it finds in a process called
binding
Properties page of a network connection
will show installed network protocols
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Installed Network Protocols
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Addressing on a Network
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MAC Address: unique permanent
address embedded in a NIC
IP address: a 32-bit address identifying a
device in a TCP/IP network
Character-based names
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Host name
NetBIOS name (computer name)
Port address
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MAC Addresses
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Used at the physical level of networking
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A host uses the operating system to
learn the MAC address of another host
on the same network
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Cannot be used to communicate
between hosts on different networks
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Using MAC Addresses
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Using Ipconfig to Display
IP Address and MAC Address
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IP Addresses
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Identify devices on the Internet and other
TCP/IP networks
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Four octets separated by periods that
identifies a computer, printer, or other
device on a TCP/IP network
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First part identifies the network
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Last part identifies the host
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Classes of IP Addresses
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Public, Private, and
Reserved IP Addresses
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Public IP addresses – group of IP
addresses, different from all others,
licensed for use on the Internet
Private IP addresses – used on private
intranets isolated from the Internet
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10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255
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172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255
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192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255
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Reserved IP Addresses
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Certain IP addresses are reserved for
special use by TCP/IP
All IP addresses must be unique for a
network
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Dynamically Assigned IP
Addresses
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Static IP address
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Manually assigning an IP address
permanently to a host
Dynamic IP address

Leasing an IP address for the current
session only
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Dynamically Assigned IP
Addresses (continued)

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol) server
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
Manages dynamic IP address assignment
Failed attempt to lease an IP address
results in an Automatic Private IP
Address (APIPA) in the 169.254.0.0
network
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DHCP Server
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Network Address Translation
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Uses a single public IP address to
access the Internet on behalf of all hosts
on the network using other IP addresses
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Proxy server sometimes does double
duty as a firewall
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Proxy Server
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Host Names and NetBIOS Names
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Use characters rather than numbers to
identify a computer on a network
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Easier to remember and use than IP
addresses
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Domain name identifies a network
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Host Names and NetBIOS Names
(continued)
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NetBIOS name – used by NetBEUI protocol
to identify a computer on the network
WINS resolves a NetBIOS name to an IP
address
Host name – Used by TCP/IP to identify a
computer on the network
DNS resolves a host name to an IP address
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How Computers Find Each Other
on a LAN
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A Windows 98 computer using NetBIOS
uses the following steps (next slide) to
resolve a name to an IP address
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A Windows 2000/XP computer using
TCP/IP begins at step 5
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If NetBEUI is running, it then turns to steps
1 through 4 to resolve the name
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How Computers Find Each Other
on a LAN (continued)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Checks NetBIOS name cache
Queries WINS server
Broadcasts NetBIOS name to be
resolved
Checks LMHosts file
Checks Hosts file
Queries DNS server
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Configuring a Network Card and
Connecting to a Network
Installing a network card and connecting a
PC to a network:
1.
Install the NIC and drivers
2.
Using Windows, configure the NIC with
the correct addresses and protocols
3.
Test the NIC to verify ability to access
network resources
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Installing a NIC
Using Windows 2000/XP
1.
2.
3.
4.
Physically install the network card
Turn on the PC and the Found New
Hardware Wizard locates and loads
drivers
Use Device Manager to verify that the
device drivers installed properly
Connect the NIC port to the network
with a cable
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Windows XP Computer Name
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Right-click My Computer, select Properties
from shortcut menu
For Windows XP, click Computer Name tab,
click Change button
Enter the new computer name
Select Workgroup or Domain, as
appropriate, enter its name
Click OK, OK, and reboot
Go to My Network Places and view other
computers on the network
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Installing and Configuring TCP/IP
Using Windows 2000/XP
Before installing TCP/IP, ask:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Will the PC use dynamic or static IP
addressing?
If static, what IP address, subnet mask,
and default gateway should be used?
What is the IP address of DNS server?
What is the IP address of the proxy
server?
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Installing and Configuring TCP/IP
Using Windows 2000/XP (continued)
1.
2.
3.
Open Network Connections, right-click
Local Area Connection icon, select
Properties
Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), click
Properties button
For dynamic addressing, select Obtain IP
address automatically; for static
addressing, select Use the following IP
address, enter IP address, Subnet mask
and Default gateway
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Installing and Configuring TCP/IP
Using Windows 2000/XP (continued)
If DHCP will assign DNS server
address, select Obtain DNS server
address automatically, click OK twice
4.
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If not, select Use the following DNS
server address, enter the IP address,
click OK twice
Open My Network Places and verify
your computer and others on the
network are visible
5.
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If not, reboot
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Installing a NIC Using Windows
9x
1.
2.
3.
4.
Physically install the network card
Turn on the PC and the Found New
Hardware Wizard locates and loads
drivers
Use Device Manager to verify that the
device drivers installed properly
Connect the NIC port to the network
with a patch cable
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Assigning a Computer Name in
Windows 9x
1.
Access Control Panel, Network icon
2.
Click Identification tab
3.
Enter workgroup and computer name
4.
Click OK to exit; reboot
5.
Open Network Neighborhood and verify
that you see your computer and others
on the network
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Installing and Configuring TCP/IP
Using Windows 98
1.
2.
3.
4.
Access Control Panel, Network icon
Click Add
Select Protocol and click Add; select
Microsoft on the left, TCP/IP on the
right, click OK
Notice that that TCP/IP is automatically
bound to any network adapter or
modem
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Installing and Configuring TCP/IP
Using Windows 98 (continued)
In the Network window, select the item
where TCP/IP is bound to the NIC, click
Properties
If static IP addressing is used, click
Specify an IP address, enter the IP
address and Subnet mask
1.
2.

If dynamic addressing is used, click
Obtain IP address automatically
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Installing and Configuring TCP/IP
Using Windows 98 (continued)
3.
4.
5.
If DNS will be used, click the DNS
Configuration tab, choose to enable
DNS, enter the IP addresses of DNS
servers
When finished, click OK twice
Open Network Neighborhood and verify
that you see your computer and others
on the network
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Installing a Wireless NIC
Install the wireless NIC in computer
1.
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2.
3.
Follow the Found New Hardware Wizard
to load device drivers
Configure the NIC to use the same
parameters as the access point
Use the configuration software to view
wireless connection status and to
change wireless parameters
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Installing a Wireless NIC
(continued)
4.
Click the configuration tab to change
how the NIC functions
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5.
Mode: infrastructure or Ad Hoc
SSID: service set identifier
Tx Rate: transmission rate
PS Mode: allows PC to enter sleep mode
Click Encryption tab to enable 64-bit
or 128-bit encryption and enter a
secret passphrase
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Installing a Wireless NIC
(continued)
6.
Configure the NIC to use TCP/IP or
NetBEUI

After configuration, you should immediately
see resources in My Network Places or
Network Neighborhood

Try rebooting

Check MAC address filtering
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Sharing Files, Folders, and
Applications
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Users must be assigned to the same
workgroup or domain to share resources
View all computers in the network
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
Network Neighborhood in Windows 9x
My Network Places in Windows XP
Drill down to see shared files, folders
and printers, copy files, use shared
applications, share printers
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My Network Places in
Windows 2000
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Installing Windows 2000/XP
Components Needed to Share
Resources
1.
2.
3.
Right-click Local Area Connection
and select Properties
On the General tab, click Install, select
Client, click Add, select Client for
Microsoft Networks
Select Service, click Add, select File
and printer sharing for Microsoft
Networks, click OK
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Installing Windows 98
Components Needed to Share
Resources
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Open Network applet in Control Panel
and click Add, select Client, click Add
Select Microsoft on the left and Client
for Microsoft Networks on the right
Install File and Printer Sharing for
Microsoft Networks using same method
Enable file and printer sharing
Verify both are bound to TCP/IP
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Sharing Files and Folders with the
Workgroup
In Windows Explorer, right-click a folder
1.
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
Share the folder
2.
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3.
Windows XP: select Sharing and Security
Windows 2000 or 98: select Sharing
Windows XP: select Share this folder…
Windows 2000 or 98: select Shared As
Enter a name for the shared folder
Windows 2000 or 98: click Depends on
Password
A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
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Using Windows Explorer to Share
Files and Folders in Windows XP
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Using Windows Explorer to Share
Files and Folders in Windows 98
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Sharing Files and Folders with the
Workgroup (continued)
To allow others to make changes, enter
a folder under Full Access Password
4.

5.
For read-only access, enter a different
password, click OK to exit
For added security with Windows
2000/XP, set up a user account and
password for each user who will access
shared resources
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Network Drive Maps

Make one PC appear to have a new
hard drive when space is actually on
another host computer

Make files and folders on a host
computer available even to networkunaware applications
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Mapping a Network Drive in
Windows 98
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Accessing a Mapped Drive
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Troubleshooting a Network
Connection

Diagnostic tools useful in troubleshooting
TCP/IP problems


Ping utility tests network connectivity
Diagnostic tools to test TCP/IP
configuration

Ipconfig /all (Windows NT/2000/XP)

Winipcfg (Windows 9x)
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Troubleshooting a Network
Connection (continued)

Release and renew dynamic IP address

Ping the loopback address

Ping the default gateway

Ping a remote host

If Ping works with an IP address but not
with a domain name, then DNS is the
problem
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Summary

Different types of physical network
architectures

Networking with Windows

Configuring a network card and a
network protocol using Windows

Sharing resources on a network

Troubleshooting tools and tips for
network connections
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