Transcript Discovery of the New World

Discovery of the New
World
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The first discovery of the Americas
was by people crossing the Beringia
Land Bridge from Asia.
The 2nd Discovery was by:
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The Norsemen
(sometimes
referred to as
Vikings) are
credited with the
2nd Discovery of
America.
They were farmers
from Norway who
traded during slow
months.
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Eric “the Red” left Norway for Iceland to
escape a murder charge.
In Iceland, he was banished and once
again needed a remote place to live.
1. Leif Ericson
1000-1001 AD
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Leif Ericson, was the first European to set foot on the
shores of North America, and the first explorer of
Norwegian extraction.
Brought Christianity to his people.
Though many still regard Christopher Columbus as the
discoverer of the New World, Ericson’s right to this title
received the stamp of official approval in the USA when in
1964 President Lyndon B. Johnson, backed by a unanimous
Congress, proclaimed October 9th "Leif Ericson Day.”
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Thorvald Ericson
1004-101 A.D.
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Thorvald, Leif's brother, borrowed Leif's ship and sailed
westward to Vinland two years later. He used Leif's sailing
directions and ship to complete the journey. For two years
he and his men sailed along the coasts, exploring the new
land.
One day, they stumbled across some natives and became
involved in a skirmish. It was during this conflict that
Thorvald was fatally wounded.
The following year Thorvald's men returned to Greenland,
bringing back a cargo of wood and wine-berries. Thorvald
was the first European we know to die and to be buried in
America.
3. Thorfinn
1008-1009 AD
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Thorfinn Karlsefni and his wife, Gudrid, also sailed to
Vinland and resided in Leif's house. While they lived there,
they collected many valuable products, including many
samples of wood, which was of high value to the Vikings.
Gudrid gave birth to a son during their stay and they
named him Snorri. He was the first European child to be
born in the New World.
4. Freydis (Eric’s daughter)
1013 AD
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Illegitimate daughter of Eric the Red and stepsister of Leif
Ericsson.
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Captained her own ship.
A headstrong, often cruel and sometimes petty woman,
though a keen navigator and brave warrior.
Reasons for the Voyages of
Exploration:
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Seek a passage to the Far East
Reasons for the Voyages of
Exploration:
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Secure gold, silver, precious gems and
other valuable products
Reasons for the Voyages of
Exploration:
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Establish claims to new lands
Reasons for the Voyages of
Exploration:
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Convert the natives to Christianity
Reasons for the Voyages of
Exploration:
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Satisfy the spirit of
adventure and
intellectual
curiosity
Reasons for the Voyages of
Exploration:
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Pave the way for trading posts and
settlements
Cristoforo Colombo
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Cristobal Colon in
Spanish
Cristoforo Colombo
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He was born in
Genoa, in northern
Italy in 1451
It was a busy
seaport
Columbus started
serving on ships at
age 14.
Cristoforo Colombo
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Columbus became a well-known
sailor, and was regarded as one of
the greatest “dead-reckoning” sailors
ever.
Cristoforo Colombo
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In 1476 his ship
was wrecked off
Portugal during a
pirate attack.
Using an oar for
floatation, he
swam 6 miles to
safety.
Cristoforo Colombo
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Portugal was a
world leader in
exploration.
Portuguese ships
ventured farther
out to sea to take
advantage of wind
systems and ocean
currents.
Cristoforo Colombo
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Columbus began sailing with them as far
as England, Iceland and Africa.
Cristoforo Colombo
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Columbus begins to read the works of a
geographer named Toscanelli.
Toscanelli wrote that the quick way to
China was to the west. (18k Earth)
Cristoforo Colombo
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He went to Portugal and asked King
Joao (John) to finance a voyage west
to China.
He said no, but then sent ships west
in search of Asia. The voyage failed.
Cristoforo Colombo
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In 1485 he took his idea to Spain
and King Ferdinand and Queen
Isabella.
It took one year to gain an audience
with them.
In early 1492 the Moors were
defeated and the Queen was able to
grant Columbus his voyage.
Cristoforo Colombo
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He made a final demand that he be
named Admiral of all the Ocean Sea,
and Viceroy of all lands discovered.
He also wanted 10% of all the
treasure.
First Voyage
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He was given 90
men and three
ships.
The Nina, Pinta
and much slower
Santa Maria.
After two months
at sea, the men
became restless.
First Voyage
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Isabella had
promised a huge
reward to the first
man to sight land,
and a look-out did
so on Oct 12,
1492.
Columbus later
claimed the reward
for himself.
First Voyage
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It is believed that
he landed on San
Salvador
(Bahamas).
He immediately
talks of how well
the Indians are
built and what
good slaves they
will make.
First Voyage
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He forced some Indians onto his ships to lead him to more
gold, and landed on Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Rep).
The Santa Maria hit a reef and sank, but the Indians saved
Columbus and much of his supplies.
He left the crew of the Santa Maria (39 men) on Hispaniola
to form a settlement.
Columbus returned to Spain as a hero.
Second Voyage - 1493
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17 ships and up to 1500
people
Purpose was both
exploration and
colonization .
The second voyage
brought European livestock
(horses, sheep, and cattle)
and settlers to America for
the first time.
Second Voyage - 1493
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Columbus returned
to Hispaniola
expecting a
windfall of gold and
spices.
He found that all of
the men he left
were killed.
Second Voyage - 1493
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Columbus forced every Indian over
14 years of age to mine for gold.
The colonists became upset because
of lack of gold and food.
The Indians were decimated by
measles and smallpox, while the
Spanish contracted Syphilis.
Second Voyage - 1493
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Columbus continued
to search for China,
and made his crew
swear on the threat
of losing their
tongues that they
were in Asia.
With revolts
brewing, he
returned to Spain in
1496.
Third Voyage - 1498
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A third voyage was granted, but it
took Columbus 2 years to raise a
fleet.
This crew in 1498 consisted of many
criminals granted amnesty (including
10 murderers).
Fleet of six ships
Third Voyage - 1498
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He went south and hit continental
America in Venezuela.
Third Voyage - 1498
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Columbus returned to Hispaniola where his
brother had been left in charge and was
battling a full-scale revolt. He had several
settlers hanged.
Third Voyage - 1498
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Spain sent Francisco de Bovadilla,
who arrived in August 1500, with
500 men and a handful of native
slaves that Columbus had
brought to Spain on a previous
voyage: they were to be freed by
royal decree. Bobadilla found the
situation as bad as he had heard
Columbus was put in chains and
shipped back to Spain.
He was suffering from arthritis
and temporary bouts with
blindness.
Isabella freed him
Fourth Voyage - 1502
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He was given 4
ships that were in
poor condition in
hopes that he
would disappear.
Fourth Voyage - 1502
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When he arrived at Hispaniola he knew a hurricane was
imminent, but was not allowed to dock there.
Columbus did explore parts of southern Central America,
but his ships, damaged by a hurricane and termites, fell
apart while he was exploring.
Columbus warned Bovadilla not to sail, but he left anyhow
and perished with his fleet.
Fourth Voyage - 1502
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Columbus and his men
were stranded on
Jamaica for about a
year before being
rescued.
They returned to
Spain in late 1504.
Fourth Voyage - 1502
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In 1504, after 12 months, a ship is
sent to get him and take him back to
Spain as a passenger.
Within months Queen Isabella died
and with her all of his support.
Ferdinand gave him some money,
but removed all titles.
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Rambling and
delirious, he
sequestered
himself in his
house.
Few mourned his
passing in 1506 at
the age of 54.
Columbus – hero or villain?
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
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a Spanish explorer,
governor and
conquistador.
He is best known for
having crossed Panama to
the Pacific Ocean in 1513,
becoming the first
European to lead an
expedition to have seen or
reached the Pacific from
the New World.
Juan Ponce de Leon
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On 2nd Columbus voyage
Discovered la Florida during Pascua de
Florida
Fernao Magalhaes
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Fernando de Magallanes (Spanish)
Hernando Cortes
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Conquered the Aztecs in Mexico
Francisco de Coronado
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Explored American
southwest looking
for gold
Henry Hudson
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Sailed for Holland
Searched for
northwest passage
to Asia
Giovanni Caboto
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John Cabot
Claimed lands
on the coast of
“New England”
Sir Francis Drake
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Sea Dog and 2nd
voyage of
circumnavigation